International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology (IJARIT)
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Holocene volcanic activity in Anjouan Island (Comoros archipelago) revealed by new Cassignol-Gillot groundmass K–Ar and 14C ages
No full textInternational audienceThe Comoros archipelago has attracted renewed attention since 2018 due to the submarine volcano growing east of the island of Mayotte and the associated ongoing seismic crisis. However, the origin of Comorian magmatism remains controversial, as it is either interpreted as related to a hotspot trail, to a fracture zone, or to a plate boundary. Lying in the central part of the archipelago, Anjouan is a key island to better understand the relationship between volcanism and geodynamics. Together with a careful selection of published whole-rock K-Ar ages, our new set of 13 groundmass K-Ar ages on lava flows and one radiocarbon age on a charcoal from a strombolian deposit, allow us to reassess the volcano-tectonic evolution of Anjouan Island. New groundmass K-Ar ages lie within the last 1 Ma, i.e. from 899 ± 14 to 11 ± 1 ka. They suggest that most of the subaerial volcanism in Anjouan is much younger than previously inferred, and occurred as pulses at 900-750 ka, perhaps 530 ka, 230-290 ka, and since 60 ka, with erosional periods in between. Among our new data, one 14 C age of 7513-7089 yrs calBCE (9.3 ± 0.2 ka) and five K-Ar ages younger than 60 ka show that recent volcanism occurred in Anjouan. Moreover, the concentration of eruptive vents along a N150 • alignment, parallel to the maximum horizontal stress, suggests a strong link between regional tectonics and volcanism. Considering the presence of active volcanoes on both the western and eastern extremities of the Comoros archipelago, our discovery of Holocene activity on Anjouan provides strong arguments against a chronological progression of volcanism along the archipelago, and therefore contradicts the hotspot hypothesis for the origin of volcanism. Finally, this study provides a robust geochronological timeframe of the different volcanic stages of Anjouan. It demonstrates that Anjouan is an active island and suggests that volcanism and tectonics can both resume at any time
Use of stable Mg isotope ratios in identifying the base cation sources of stream water in the boreal Krycklan catchment (Sweden)
No full textInternational audienceThe knowledge of the sources of base cations in stream water is a prerequisite to assess potential effects of changing environmental conditions such as changing rainfall, weathering or groundwater flows on cation export with stream water. This study use stable Mg isotopes to identify potential sources in the well-studied catchment of Krycklan located on gneissic bedrock covered by quaternary sediments in Sweden. Samples were collected from open filed rain, throughfall, stream, soil, rock and litterfall. The δ26Mg values of these samples was determined and the contributions of different sources to Mg fluxes in the stream were determined from the variation of the Mg isotope and Sr / Mg ratios.The results show an overall variation of 1.10‰ between all samples. In addition, Magnesium isotope ratios varied little in the streamwater and in soil solution, except during snowmelt periods during which a large portion of the annual runoff occurs. Magnesium in the streamwater is explained as a mixture of three pools (open field rain, soil solution and groundwater) with the latter two influenced by catchment processes. Outside the snowmelt period, Mg in streamwater mainly derived from the groundwater, assumed to be mineral weathering signature in this catchment, with a contribution ranging from 12 to 63% to Mg fluxes. Open field rain dominates Mg fluxes in streamwater during spring flood (0 to 78%) and may contribute significantly during larger summer and autumn rainfall events. Soil solution input to streamwater range from 16 to 59% of Mg fluxes in streamwater. Our results demonstrate that δ26Mg values together with Mg concentrations and Sr/Mg ratios can be used to constrain the Mg sources of stream water and quantify weathering release rates
La maîtrise des risques liés aux submersions marines en contexte de changements climatiques : un objectif à l’origine d’une mutation du système des normes régissant l’élaboration des plans de prévention des risques littoraux
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STUDY OF THE THERMAL DYNAMICS OF SOLAR COOKERS ON REUNION ISLAND : TECHNICS AND USES AT HOUSEHOLD AND COMMUNAL SCALES
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Development of an ecodesign framework for food manufacturing including process flowsheeting and multiple-criteria decision-making: Application to milk evaporation
No full textInternational audienceThe food industry urgently needs to design sustainability into its processes. Here we develop a methodological framework for the ecodesign of food processes. The framework combines process flowsheeting (using a process simulation tool) and multiobjective optimization with life-cycle and cost-cycle analysis tools embedded in a multicriteria decision support tool. The framework developed is illustrated by the example of milk evaporation, which is one of the most energy-intensive processes in the dairy industry and has huge potential for optimization. The commercial process simulator was first adapted to modeling milk evaporators. Economic and environmental criteria were then computed from inventories of both the production and cleaning phases, and we went on to apply multiobjective optimization (with a genetic algorithm) and multicriteria decision-making either independently or in combination. The potential of the framework was demonstrated first through analysis of three evaporator design solutions, and second as a support for the strategic choice of a fuel for the purpose of on-site energy production. This work provides a pathway to ecodesigning the entire milk powder production chain
Observation of the Dynamics of Hydrothermal Activity in La Soufrière of Guadeloupe Volcano with Joint Muography, Gravimetry, Electrical Resistivity Tomography, Seismic and Temperature Monitoring
No full textInternational audienceMuography uses muons contained in the natural cosmic rays to determine the density of rock volumes. The measurements consist of counting the muons emerging from the target to determine the screening effect produced by the rock. Since the larger the rock thickness, the smaller the number of muons able to cross, the time resolution that can be achieved by muography to monitor density changes is on the order of one or two weeks for kilometer-sized volcanoes. This limitation of the method can be reduced by joining muography with high time-resolution measurements like passive seismic monitoring. In the case of structural imaging, muography benefits from the fact that muon trajectories are linear, making the tomography problem simpler than for other geophysical techniques like electrical resistivity tomography. Experiments performed on La Soufrière of Guadeloupe volcano are described to show how muography can be used to contribute to structural imaging of a highly heterogeneous lava dome and to detect abrupt transient hydrothermal phenomena likely to produce dangerous explosive events
La juridiction administrative congolaise dans la loi organique n°16/027 du 15 octobre 2016: architecture, atouts et points d'nterrogation
No full textInternational audienceCongolese administrative justice is in the process of reform although there is reason to regret that it is taking place very slowly. Indeed, the Constitution of February 18, 2006 consecrated the institution of an administrative jurisdictional order, thus breaking with several decades of organization of an administrative justice essentially grafted to the order of the judicial jurisdictions. But, it is ten years after that the legislator deigns to adopt the law relating to the organization, competences and functioning of the jurisdictions of the administrative order! This article offers a critical reading of the law with the aim of appreciating the architecture and strengths of administrative jurisdiction and discussing the question marks that remain.La justice administrative congolaise est en pleine réforme quoiqu'il y ait lieu de regretter qu'elle s'opère à pas de tortue. En effet, la Constitution du 18 février 2006 a consacré l'institution d'un ordre juridictionnel administratif, rompant ainsi avec plusieurs décennies d'organisation d'une justice administrative essentiellement greffée à l'ordre des juridictions judiciaires. Mais, c'est dix ans après que le législateur daigne adopter la loi portant organisation, compétences et fonctionnement des juridictions de l'ordre administratif ! Le présent article propose une lecture critique de la loi dans l'objectif d'apprécier l'architecture et les atouts de la juridiction administrative et de discuter les points d'interrogation qui subsistent
Mulberry leaves as a feed source for livestock in Kenya: A Review
Get PDFIn Kenya, Mulberry is grown in less than a piece of an acre by most of the farmers. Current acreage of mulberry stands at 250, spread over Western, Nyanza, and Rift Valley and Coastal regions. Mulberry leaves are highly palatable and digestible (70-90%) to ruminants and can be fed to non-ruminants as part of feed ingredient. Protein content and essential amino acid profile in the leaves and young stems varies from 15 to 35% depending on the variety. The Mulberry leaves are highly applicable as supplements replacing concentrates for dairy cattle, as the main feed for goats and sheep, and as an ingredient in rabbits and pigs’ diets. Farmers growing mulberry fodder offer higher protein content to livestock than those relying on different varieties of Napier grass, which have failed to boost milk production despite the amounts fed. In non-ruminant production, fishmeal and soybean meals are the main source of protein. In ruminant production, cottonseed meal and canola meal are the main source of protein. These meals are expensive, inadequate in supply and of variable quality. This often leads to low egg production and poor-quality eggs, hence low income and poverty among farmers. Therefore, efforts have been made to identify locally available protein feed resources that can be used as a protein supplement for livestock. Mulberry leaf meal (MLM) has been identified as a locally available alternative protein and mineral source that are beneficial to livestock and have been proven to improve production.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 11(2): 1-9, Dec 202
Green entrepreneurship in India
Get PDFEntrepreneurs are credited with playing a key role in wealth creation and economic development. There has been enough focus of empirical literature on linking entrepreneurship and employment generation, reducing income disparity and contributing to balanced regional development. However, the environment catastrophe, world is facing, has made it imminent for the business to find new ways of doing business. Green Entrepreneurship, however nascent, provides a gleam of hope to in the direction of sustainable development. Growing consumer awareness and preference towards environmentally friendly products has also made embedding green concepts in business models a source of competitive advantage. This study is exploratory in nature as it offers insights into the emergence of the concept of green entrepreneurship and its role in the Indian context. Based on available literature, the study proposes a conceptual model explaining a link between various social, environmental and institutional factors and green entrepreneurship, leading to sustainable development. The study also explores current green entrepreneurship scenario in the light of opportunities and challenges by presenting the case studies of successful green ventures in India.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 11(2): 72-75, Dec 202