International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology (IJARIT)
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Determinants of farmers’ access to microcredit from cooperative societies in Ondo state, Nigeria
Get PDFThe study examined the determinants of farmers’ access to microcredit from cooperative societies in Ondo state. A multistage sampling technique was used to obtain data from 100 respondents. Primary data was collected for the purpose of the study. We used descriptive statistics and logit regression model to analyses the data collected. Result showed that the farmers were mostly male farmers (64%) while majority of the farmers had a mean age of 44.10 ± 14.70. It was also revealed that consumer cooperative society, producer cooperative society, marketing cooperative society, cooperative farming society and credit and thrift cooperative society were the major forms of cooperative used by the farmers. The result also shows that age, marital status, farm size, farming experience, credit from another source and number of years in the cooperative significantly influenced farmers’ access to microcredit from cooperative society.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 11(2): 103-107, Dec 202
Response of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers at Chena district, South Western Ethiopia
Get PDFLow level or no use of organic and inorganic fertilizers and serious imbalances soil nutrients, depressed potato yields and pose accelerated mining of native soil nutrients. Present on-farm studies was undertaken to observe the combined effects of FYM and compost along with inorganic fertilizers, particularly NPSB on potato production. The experiment comprised of seven treatments: No fertilizer, recommended NP (115 kg N and 92 kg ha-1 P2O5), NPSB (115 kg N and 92 kg P2O5, 6.5 kg S. and 0.71 kg B ha-1), 10 tone FYM ha-1, 10 tone compost ha-1, 5 tone FYM + 50% NPSB (57.5 kg N and 92 kg P2O5 ha-1), and 5 tone compost + 50% NPSB ha-1 were arranged in RCBD with three replications. The yield and yield components were collected and subjected to mean separation and economic analysis. The analysis of variance indicated that either applied organic and inorganic fertilizers combined or alone significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved potato yield at Chena. Full dose of each FYM and compost, recommended NP rate and NPSB gave similar potato yield. The highest average marketable and total fresh potato tuber yield (27.44, 27.92 t ha-1, respectively) were recorded by combined application of 5 t FYM ha-1 with 50% NPSB (115 kg N and 92 kg P2O5, 6.5 kg S. and 0.71 kg B ha-1) which is economically acceptable with MRR (1239.7%), whereas the lowest tuber yield (14.45 t ha-1) was obtained from unfertilized plot. Hence, combined application of 50% FYM and 50% NPSB proved best potato yield in the study area.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(1): 18-22, June 202
Treatment outcome of imported cutaneous leishmaniasis among travelers and migrants infected with Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica: a retrospective study in European centers 2013 to 2019
No full textInternational audienceOBJECTIVES: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Asia, Northern, and Sub-Saharan Africa is mainly caused by Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica. We describe and evaluate the treatment outcome of CL among travelers and migrants in Europe.METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of parasitological confirmed CL cases caused by L. major and L. tropica during 2013-2019 in Europe. Data were collected from medical records and databases within the LeishMan network.RESULTS: Of 206 included cases of CL, 75 were identified as L. major and 131 as L. tropica. Of patients with L. tropica infection, 80% were migrants, whereas 53% of patients with L. major infection had been visiting friends and relatives. Among patients with L. tropica, 48% were younger than 15 years. Pentavalent antimony cured 73% (L. major) and 78% (L. tropica) of patients. The cure rate for intralesional administration was 86% and 67% for systemic, on L. tropica. Liposomal amphotericin B had a cure rate of 44-63%. CONCLUSION: L. major infections were mostly found in individuals visiting friends and relatives, whereas L. tropica were mainly identified in migrants. No patients with L. major relapsed. Pentavalent antimony, liposomal amphotericin B, and cryotherapy had cure rates in accordance with previous studies
Hydropower generation potential and prospective scenarios for sustainable electricity supply for the period 2022–2042: A case study of the NIN zone of Cameroon
No full textInternational audienceHydropower is the sole renewable energy source on the grid in Cameroon, accounting for approximately 62% of this supply as of 2019. So far, hydropower is the most attractive source of grid electricity in the country, with a technically exploitable capability of around 115 TWh per year. However, the actual hydropower output (943 kW) is quite low, corresponding to about 7% of the country’s technically exploitable potential. The South Interconnected Network (SIN) zone, home to a technically exploitable potential of 83 TWh per year, produces 98.00% of the country’s hydroelectricity, while the North Interconnected Network (NIN) zone generates the remainder. Nevertheless, with its technically exploitable capability of around 7.5 TWh per year, the NIN zone has the potential to alleviate the energy poverty of its population and forecast sustainable energy-consuming projects (SECP), including electricity export (EE) to neighboring Chad and Nigeria. The present study is aimed at exploring short, median and high scenarios based on projected Average Annual Growth Rate (AAGR) of the national real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which are translated into electricity demand (ED) expected over a 20-year period (2022–2042). High scenario is an optimistic status that displays an AAGR of the GDP projected at 6.40%, equivalent to projected ED (PED) of 6.61%, while median scenario is a more conservative status, with realistic assumptions aligned with an AAGR of the GDP anticipated at 5.0%, corresponding to PED of 5.79%. Low scenario, more likely in the aftermath of COVID-19 pandemic, is the most pessimistic status, with an AAGR of 3.60% matching a PED of 3.60%. To achieve the objective of this study, a comprehensive review on economically exploitable hydropower potential (EEHP) sites in the NIN zone is performed, while under construction hydroelectric plants and projected ones are highlighted. Finally, the intended special contribution of this research is to shed light on hydrologic and energetic parameters of prioritized hydropower sites which match PED, under the best-case scenario of SECP expected by the end of the 20-year period in the zone
Erreur et production orale : Dans quelles mesures la dédramatisation de l’erreur favorise-t-elle la prise de parole en cours d’anglais ?
No full textGetting students to speak English in class is far from being easy, although it is essential to develop their communication skills. This Master’s thesis questions the influence of two elements that could promote speaking in English classes: the treatment of errors and the students' choice of topic. The theoretical and institutional contributions served as a basis for reflection in order to determine to what extent the de-dramatization of the error, or even its valorization, as well as the choice of the theme studied, influence the speaking of students in a class of “troisième”. The analysis of the data gathered during the different experimental phases in which the students and some of their parents participated allowed us to validate or invalidate the hypotheses put forward. Finally, this paper proposes ways of improvement to treat errors and thus, better support students in their mastery of oral expression.Faire parler les élèves anglais en cours est loin d’être facile bien qu’essentiel pour développer leurs compétences de communication. Ce mémoire questionne l’influence de deux éléments pouvant favoriser la prise de parole en cours d’anglais : le traitement de l’erreur et le choix par les élèves du thème étudié. Les apports théoriques et institutionnels ont servi de base de réflexion afin de déterminer dans quelles mesures la dédramatisation de l’erreur, voire sa valorisation, ainsi que le choix du thème étudié, influencent la prise de parole des élèves d’une classe de 3e. L’analyse des données recueillies lors de différentes phases expérimentales auxquelles ont participé les élèves mais aussi quelques parents d’élèves a permis de valider ou d’invalider les hypothèses émises. Ce mémoire propose finalement des pistes d’amélioration pour traiter l’erreur et ainsi accompagner au mieux les élèves dans leur maîtrise de l’expression orale en anglais
Analyse structurel de réseau : Corrélation entre les mesures de centralité
No full textInternational audienceCentrality measures are important in network analysis and mining. The correlation structures between the centrality measures are subject of the structural network analysis to improve the understanding of the process in that network. The aim of this paper is to extract useful hidden structural information about the structural correlations between centrality measures study. With Data Science analysis and visualization technics, we propose a structural analysis and visualization of the Pearson correlation between centrality measures. Overall experimentations, the same results are shown in 31 social networks with different topologies. The results show the existence of a strong positive and structural correlation between degree and closeness centrality, degree and betweenness centrality, degree and eigenvector centrality. However, we observed a strong positive and non-structural correlation between eigenvector and betweenness centrality, betweenness and closeness centrality, closeness and eigenvector centrality. Furthermore, we suggest some structural implications of these centrality measures in a network. Finally, we identify influential nodes and their state of evolution that build an effective minimization policy for an infectious disease spread. With the strong positive and structural correlations observed, in large networks, high complexity centrality measure can be approximated by low complexity such as degree centrality.Les mesures de centralité sont importantes dans l'analyse et l'exploitation des réseaux. Les structures de corrélation entre les mesures de centralité font l'objet de l'analyse structurelle du réseau afin d'améliorer la compréhension du processus dans ce réseau. L'objectif de cet article est d'extraire des informations structurelles cachées utiles sur l'étude des corrélations structurelles entre les mesures de centralité. Grâce aux techniques d'analyse et de visualisation de la science des données, nous proposons une analyse structurelle et une visualisation de la corrélation de Pearson entre les mesures de centralité. Dans l'ensemble des expérimentations, les mêmes résultats sont montrés dans 31 réseaux sociaux à de différentes topologies. Les résultats montrent l'existence d'une forte corrélation positive et structurelle entre la centralité de degré et la centralité de proximité, la centralité de degré et la centralité d'intermédiarité, la centralité de degré et la centralité de vecteur propre. Cependant, nous avons observé une forte corrélation positive et non structurelle entre la centralité de vecteur propre et la centralité d'intermédiarité, la centalité d'intermédiarité et la centralité de proximité, la centralité de proximité et la centralité de vecteur propre. De plus, nous suggérons quelques implications structurelles de ces mesures de centralité dans un réseau. Enfin, nous identifions les nœuds influents et leur état d'évolution qui permettrait de construire une politique de minimisation efficace pour la propagation d'une maladie infectieuse. Avec les fortes corrélations positives et structurelles observées, dans les grands réseaux, les mesures de centralité de haute complexité peuvent être approximées par des mesures de faible complexité telles que la centralité de degré
Optimal impulsive control of coffee berry borers in a berry age-structured epidemiological model
No full textInternational audienceThe coffee berry borer (CBB) Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) is the most important insect pest affecting coffee production worldwide and generating huge economic losses. As most of its life cycle occurs inside the coffee berry, its control is extremely difficult. To tackle this issue, we solve an optimal control problem based on a berry age-structured dynamical model that describes the infestation dynamics of coffee berries by CBB during a cropping season. This problem consists in applying a bio-insecticide at discrete times in order to maximise the economic profit of healthy coffee berries while minimising the CBB population for the next cropping season. We derive analytically the first-order necessary optimality conditions of the control problem. Numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the optimal control strategy
"Et si le questionnement des rapports entre le droit et les faits révélait les écueils de la production scientifique dans la discipline juridique ?"
No full textInternational audienc
Le myélome multiple à La Réunion : étude descriptive et pronostique des patients nouvellement diagnostiqués entre 2015 et 2019
No full textIntroduction: Multiple myeloma is the 2nd most frequent blood malignancy in the world, with different incidence between regions. The incidence of plasma cells dyscrasia (MM, MGUS) is increased in black individuals. Survival data according to patient ethnicity can be contradictory. The french Indian Ocean territory (Reunion Island and Mayotte) represents a young population of more than one million inhabitants with varied ethnic origins. Few data are described concerning such a population.Method: This is a cohort study of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma cases in Reunion Island between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2019. The primary objective was to describe the characteristics of patients with MM. The secondary objectives were to assess the incidence of MM and the prognosis of patients treated in Reunion Island (PFS, TTNT and OS). A descriptive study of the characteristics of patients from the Indian Ocean outside Reunion Island is also carried out. Results: Over our study period, 229 patients were included in the Reunion Island patient cohort. The median age at diagnosis is 69 years. The M/F sex ratio is unfavorable to women (ratio 0.96). The worldwide age-adjusted incidence is 3.3 cases/100,000 person-years. The prognosis of patients treated in Reunion remains unfavorable compared to the population of metropolitan France, with a median PFS of 20.5 months (95% CI [18.0-26.4]) and OS at 5 years estimated at 52% (95% CI [42-64]).Conclusion: The Reunionese population has a lower incidence rate of MM than the population of metropolitan France. We report a subgroup of young patients with an unfavorable diagnosis among the Reunionese population.Introduction : Le myélome multiple est la 2ème hémopathie maligne la plus fréquente au monde, avec une incidence disparate entre les pays. L’incidence des dyscrasies plasmocytaires (myélome multiple, MGUS) est augmentée dans la population noire. Les données de survie en fonction de l’ethnie des patients peuvent être contradictoires. Le territoire Océan Indien (La Réunion et Mayotte) représente une population jeune de plus d’un million d’habitants aux origines ethniques variées. Peu de données sont décrites concernant une telle population.Méthode : Il s’agit d’une étude de cohorte de cas de myélome multiple nouvellement diagnostiqués à La Réunion entre le 1er janvier 2015 et le 31 décembre 2019, historique, descriptive et pronostique. L’objectif principal était de décrire les caractéristiques de des patients atteints de MM. Les objectifs secondaires étaient d’évaluer l’incidence du MM et le pronostic des patients pris en charge à La Réunion (SSP, TTNT et SG). Une étude descriptive des caractéristiques des patients issus de l’Océan Indien hors La Réunion est également réalisée.Résultats : Sur notre période d’étude, 229 patients ont été inclus dans la cohorte de patients réunionnais. L’âge médian au diagnostic est de 69 ans. Le sexe ratio H/F est en défaveur des femmes (ratio 0,96). L’incidence rapportée à l’âge mondiale est de 3,3 cas/100 000 personnes-années. Le pronostic des patients traités à La Réunion reste défavorable par rapport à la population de la France métropolitaine, avec une SPP médiane de 20,5 mois (IC95% [18,0-26,4]) et une SG à 5 ans estimée à 52 % (IC95% [42-64]).Conclusion : La population réunionnaise présente un taux d’incidence de MM inférieure à la population de la France métropolitaine. Nous rapportons un sous-groupe de patients jeunes au diagnostic défavorable parmi la population réunionnaise