International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology (IJARIT)
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APPLICATION OF MATRIX PROFILE TECHNIQUES TO DETECT INSIGHTFUL DISCORDS IN CLIMATE DATA
No full textInternational audienceThe definition and extraction of actionable anomalous discords, i.e. pattern outliers, is a challenging problem in data analysis. It raises the crucial issue of identifying criteria that would render a discord more insightful than another one. In this paper, we propose an approach to address this by introducing the concept of prominent discord. The core idea behind this new concept is to identify dependencies among discords of varying lengths. How can we identify a discord that would be prominent? We propose an ordering relation, that ranks discords, and we seek a set of prominent discords with respect to this ordering. Our contributions are threefold 1) a formal definition, ordering relation and methods to derive prominent discords based on Matrix Profile techniques,2) their evaluation over large contextual climate data, covering 110 years of monthly data, and 3) a comparison of an exact method based on STOMP and an approximate approach that is based on SCRIMP++ to compute the prominent discords and study the tradeoff optimality/CPU. The approach is generic and its pertinence shown over historical climate data
Une Architecture d'Agent Intégrant le Raisonnement Spatial pour la Conception d'Acteurs dans la Modélisation de l'Utilisation de l'Espace.
No full textCARI 2022Cognitive abilities are studied in AI by observing real systems and developing entities called Agents that should interact with their virtual environments in an intelligent way to produce a multi-agent system. To model agents in land use simulations, modellers generally use BDI Architecture to endow easily agent with a behaviour corresponding to their observation. However, the spatial dimension led by cognitive representation and reasoning on the environment of agent are not explicitly captured in this architecture. In an attempt to mimic spatial attributes, several agent-based simulation platforms try to integrate some GIS functionalities. Our assumption is that the formalization and integration of this environment in the core component of agent can also be a good way to improve the efficiency of model. Spatial intelligence is a part of multiple intelligence of actors as human and allow them to keep their space in mind. From this fact, it is necessary to integrate the spatial reasoning abilities from agent architecture. This paper demonstrates how to formalise and integrate the spatial knowledge and reasoning in BDI architecture using Region Connection Calculus theory and predicates. The architecture obtained allows to maintain a mapping between the mental of agent and the real environment observed.Les capacités cognitives sont étudiées en IA en observant des systèmes réels et en développant des entités appelées agents qui doivent interagir avec leur environnement virtuel de manière intelligente pour produire un système multi-agents. Pour modéliser les agents dans les simulations d’utilisation de l’espace, les modélisateurs utilisent généralement l’architecture BDI pour doter facilement l’agent d’un comportement correspondant à leurs observations. Cependant, la dimension spatiale induite par la représentation et le raisonnement cognitif lié à l’environnement de l’agent n’est pas explicitement capturée par cette architecture. Dans une tentative de représenter les attributs spatiaux, plusieurs plateformes de simulation à base d’agents tentent d’intégrer certaines fonctionnalités SIG. Notre hypothèse est que la formalisation et l’intégration de la notion d’espace dansle mental de l’agent peut également être un meilleur moyen d’améliorer l’efficacité du modèle. L’intelligence spatiale fait partie intégrante des intelligences des acteurs tels que l’humain. De ce fait, Il est nécessaire d’intégrer les capacités de raisonnement spatial à partir de l’architecture d’agents. Cet article démontre comment formaliser et intégrer la connaissance spatiale et le raisonnement dans l’architecture BDI en utilisant la théorie du calcul de connexion des régions et les prédicats. L’architecture BDI obtenue permet de maintenir une correspondance entre le mental de l’agent et l’environnement réel observé
« La coutume dans sa dimension collective et contemporaine », Rapport sur L’application de la coutume à Mayotte, GIP_Mission de Recherche Droit et Justice, « La place de la coutume à Mayotte », 2019-2022, sous la dir. de E. Cornut, H. Fulchiron, E. Ralser et A. Siri, 2022 (en ligne)
No full textThis contribution is part of a final report realized for a collective empirical research project funded by the "Mission de Recherche Droit et Justice" on the practical application of custom in Mayotte. It offers a general overview of the custom's historical and contemporary dimensions in Mayotte.The first aim is to highlight the pitfalls involved in the designation of custom that only exists to designate an alternative practice to the official action of the legal-rational State. For public authorities, the term custom is deployed to designate situations of regulation from below, at the local level, beyond the sphere of state intervention. Furthermore, custom refers to practices that evolve and continuously change within a territory.The approach of the custom through an empirical observation is consequently delicate. However, in a second phase, the paper invites to determine the value of working on custom in the territory of Mayotte, insofar as it has become a French department in which the civil status of local law, based on customary practices, is still officially applicable in the territory by virtue of Article 75 of the 1958 Constitution and Order no. 2010-590 of June, the 3rd of 2010.This paper then proposes ways in which custom is identified in both the literature and the law from a historical perspective, eventually assessing the place accorded to custom in positive law in contemporary times.Cette contribution est intégrée au rapport final produit dans le cadre d’une recherche empirique collective financée par la Mission de Recherche Droit et Justice sur l’application de la coutume à Mayotte. Elle se propose d’effectuer une présentation générale de la coutume mahoraise dans sa dimension historique et contemporaine. La réflexion invite, dans un premier temps, à soulever les écueils de la démarche d’identification de la coutume. En effet, la coutume n’existe que pour désigner une pratique alternative à l’action officielle de l’État légal-rationnel. Pour les pouvoirs publics, le terme coutume est déployé pour désigner les situations de régulation par le bas, en local, au-delà de la sphère d’intervention de l’État. Par ailleurs, la coutume renvoie à des pratiques qui évoluent et se transforment en continu sur un territoire. L’approche de la coutume par une démarche empirique d’observation se révèle donc délicate. La réflexion invite toutefois, dans un second temps, à déterminer l’intérêt de travailler sur la coutume sur le territoire mahorais dans la mesure où Mayotte est devenue un département français et que le statut civil de droit local qui se décline à partir de pratiques coutumières est toujours officiellement applicable sur le territoire en vertu de l’article 75 de la Constitution de 1958 et de l’ordonnance n° 2010-590 du 3 juin 2010. Le propos fait alors état des éléments d’identification de la coutume contenus dans la littérature et dans la loi dans une perspective historique et évalue la place reconnue à cette coutume dans le droit positif à l’époque contemporaine
Évaluation de la faisabilité et de l'acceptabilité d'un outil informatique de dépistage des infections sexuellement transmissibles par les médecins généralistes en soins premiers à La Réunion
No full textBackground: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major public health problem. In general practice, screening remains insufficient, notably due to the workload and the difficulty of addressing sexuality. In order to improve screening by general practitioners (GPs), a computerized screening tool has been created.Objectives: To assess the feasibility of the tool and the acceptability of its future use by primary care physicians. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the evolution of GPs' knowledge of STI screening, to assess their satisfaction and to identify the obstacles encountered in using the tool.Method: Cross-sectional descriptive opinion survey of GPs in Reunion Island, during the period from December 2020 to July 2021. The evaluated tool, accessible online, allows, according to a decision algorithm, to propose if necessary an adapted screening according to the current recommendations. The study was based on two online self-questionnaires sent by e-mail to the GPs included, before and after use of the tool.Results: A total of 28 GPs were included. Seventy-five percent considered the use of the tool feasible and 42.85% were willing to use the tool again in the future. Satisfaction with the use of the tool was 78.6%. After using the tool, 60.7% of GPs improved their score on the knowledge test. Obstacles to the use of the tool were reported by 57.14% of the GPs, mainly the time-consuming nature of the tool and the difficulty of discussing sexuality.Conclusion: The tool evaluated seems to have aroused the interest of the GPs, with a desire to use it again in their daily practice in the future. It has improved GPs' knowledge of STIs.Contexte : Les infections sexuellement transmissibles (IST) sont un problème majeur de santé publique. En médecine générale, le dépistage reste insuffisant, lié à la charge de travail et à la difficulté d'abord de la sexualité. Afin d'améliorer le dépistage par les médecins généralistes (MG), un outil informatique a été créé.Objectifs : Évaluer la faisabilité de l'outil et l'acceptabilité à le réutiliser à l'avenir par les MG en soins premiers. Les objectifs secondaires étaient d'évaluer l'évolution des connaissances des MG sur le dépistage des IST, d'évaluer leur satisfaction et d'identifier les freins rencontrés à l'utilisation de l'outil.Méthode : Enquête d'opinion, descriptive transversale auprès de MG à La Réunion, durant la période de décembre 2020 à juillet 2021. L'outil évalué, accessible en ligne, permet selon un algorithme décisionnel de proposer si nécessaire un dépistage adapté selon les recommandations en vigueur. L'étude a été réalisée à partir de deux auto-questionnaires en ligne envoyés par mail aux MG inclus, avant et après utilisation de l'outil.Résultats : Au total, 28 MG ont été inclus. Soixante-quinze pourcent ont considéré l'utilisation de l'outil faisable et 42,85 % acceptaient de réutiliser l'outil à l'avenir. La satisfaction à l'utilisation de l'outil était de 78,6 %. Suite à l'utilisation de l'outil, 60,7 % des MG ont amélioré leur note au test de connaissance. Des freins à l'utilisation de l'outil ont été déclarés par 57,14 % des MG, principalement le caractère chronophage et la difficulté à aborder la sexualité.Conclusion : L'outil évalué semble susciter l'intérêt des MG, avec une volonté de le réutiliser à l'avenir dans leur quotidien. Il a permis une amélioration des connaissances des MG sur les IST
Vers un Speech to Speech direct pour les langues menacées en Afrique
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La métaphore et la subjectivité dans le langage
No full textThis work aims to highlight that tropes are the human way to guard against memory overload in a process of reducing differences to a unifying point. For this, we will deal with the metaphor because it bears the trace of the subjectivity of language that can be oriented towards an irenic direction or towards a polemical direction. It places right away tropes in the pragmatic frame as it is implied by generalized performativity. In addition, we subscribe to the theory of the L group which defines metaphor as a double synecdoche. So, we are going to show the figurative character of the catachresis.Ce travail a pour but de mettre en évidence que les tropes sont la manière humaine de se prémunir contre la surcharge de la mémoire dans un processus de réduction des différences vers un point fédérateur. Pour cela, nous allons nous occuper de la métaphore parce qu'elle porte la trace de la subjectivité du langage qui peut s'orienter vers une direction irénique ou vers une direction polémique. Ce qui situe d'emblée les tropes dans le cadre de la pragmatique comme le suppose la performativité généralisée. En outre, nous souscrivons à la théorie du groupe de Liège qui définit la métaphore comme une double synecdoque. Du coup, nous allons montrer le caractère tropique de la catachrèse
Seasonal variations of subsurface seismic velocities monitored by the SEIS-InSight seismometer on Mars
No full textInternational audienceThe SEIS seismometer deployed at the surface of Mars in the framework of the NASA-InSight mission has been continuously recording the ground motion at Elysium Planitia for more than one martian year. In this work, we investigate the seasonal variation of the near surface properties using both background vibrations and a particular class of high-frequency seismic events. We present measurements of relative velocity changes over one martian year and show that they can be modeled by a thermoelastic response of the Martian regolith. Several families of high-frequency seismic multiplets have been observed at various periods of the martian year. These events exhibit complex, repeatable waveforms with an emergent character and a coda that is likely composed of scattered waves. Taking advantage of these properties, we use coda wave interferometry to measure relative travel-time changes as a function of the date of occurrence of the quakes. While in some families a stretching of the coda waveform is clearly observed, in other families we observe either no variation or a clear contraction of the waveform. These various behaviors correspond to different conditions of illumination at the InSight landing site, depending on the season. Measurements of velocity changes from the analysis of background vibrations above 5 Hz are consistent with the results from coda wave interferometry. We identify a frequency band structure in the power spectral density that can be tracked over hundreds of days. This band structure is the equivalent in the frequency domain of an autocorrelogram and can be efficiently used to measure relative travel-time changes as a function of frequency. We explain how the PSD analysis allows us to circumvent the contamination of the measurements by the Lander mode excitation which is inevitable in the time domain. The observed velocity changes can be adequately modeled by the thermoelastic response of the regolith to the time-dependent incident solar flux at the seasonal scale. In particular, the model captures the time delay between the surface temperature variations and the velocity changes in the subsurface. Our observations could serve as a basis for a joint inversion of the seismic and thermal properties in the first 20 meters below InSight
Magmatic and phreatomagmatic contributions on the ash-dominated basaltic eruptions: Insights from the April and November–December 2005 paroxysmal events at Karthala volcano, Comoros
No full textInternational audienceBasaltic eruptions are commonly associated with lava emissions and relatively weak explosive activities, but they can sometimes produce strong explosive eruptive phases. In April and November 2005, two paroxysmal eruptive events occurred within the summit crater of Karthala basaltic shield volcano (Grande Comore Island, Comoros), which hosted a water lake before each of these events. Both 2005 ash plumes spread across the Comoros Archipelago and heavily impacted the whole Grande Comore Island. Associated deposits on the volcano summit are extremely fine-grained (up to 50 wt% of fine ash <63 μm for some analyzed layers) and rich in millimeter-sized rounded accretionary lapilli aggregates. Field observations, as well as textural and chemical analyses performed on both coarse- and fine-grained pyroclasts permit to identify juvenile and non-juvenile components and quantify their peculiar characteristics. Coarse ash (710–1000 μm) mainly consists of juvenile pumice particles (vesicle number density NV = 4.5 104 mm−3 and gas to melt ratio VG/VL = 1.5, on average), characterized by glassy groundmasses and representative of magma portions ascending quickly within the eruptive conduits (up to 10 m s−1). A relatively low amount of juvenile scoria particles are also observed in the coarse ash fractions, which are characterized by magma degassing (NV = 4.7 104 mm−3 and VG/VL = 0.5 on average) and associated crystallization (occurrence of dendritic microlites). Non-juvenile fragments (from blocks to coarse ash) are dense lava or intrusive fragments. Their amount decreases exponentially towards the fine ash fractions, which are mainly composed of juvenile, blocky, dense and glassy particles that are characterized by unambiguous textural signs of brittle fragmentation (hackle lines, stepped features and cracks). We support that Molten Fuel-Coolant Interactions between highly porous fast ascending basaltic magmas and external waters occurred during the paroxysmal phases of the studied eruptions, leading to a brittle-dominant and efficient regime of magma fragmentation. Variable but large amount of fine ash grains through the stratigraphic depth of the deposits can be ascribed to the brittle failure of the vesicle walls of the initial porous magma. Concurrently, thermohydraulic explosions caused the host rock fragmentation at shallow level, generating the relatively coarse non-juvenile particles. A short-lived episode of intense lava fountaining associated with steam explosions eventually occurred at the end of the November 2005 paroxysm, forming the last and relatively coarse tephra layer at the top of the studied eruptive sequence. Each paroxysmal phase lasted about a day as each associated water lake and shallow water table progressively vaporized and dried away. Both eruptions ended with lava pond and weak lava fountaining activities confined within the summit crater. We conclude that the contributions of both magmatic processes and phreatomagmatic interaction mechanisms ultimately generated the grain size, grain component and grain texture variabilities observed within the paroxysmal deposits. This work contributes to a better understanding of the generation of unusual fine ash from basaltic explosions as well as their eruptive dynamics and associated mechanisms, from magma ascent in the conduit to the fragmentation level and the interaction with intra-crateric lake waters
Caractérisation des habitats ripariens et du contexte écopaysager d'un petit fleuve endigué : le cas de la basse vallée de la Dives, Calvados (France)
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Applying Data Structure Succinctness to Graph Numbering For Efficient Graph Analysis
No full textInternational audienceGraph algorithms have inherent characteristics, including data-driven computations and poor locality. These characteristics expose graph algorithms to several challenges, because most well studied (parallel) abstractions and implementation are not suitable for them. In previous work[17, 18, 20], authors show how to use some complex-network properties, including community structure and heterogeneity of node degree, to improve performance, by a proper memory management (Cn-order for cache misses reduction) and an appropriate thread scheduling (comm-degscheduling to ensure load balancing). In recent work [19], Besta et al. proposed log(graph), a graph representation that outperforms existing graph compression algorithms. In this paper, we show that graph numbering heuristics and scheduling heuristics can be improved when they are combined with log(graph) data structure. Experiments were made on multi-core machines. For example, on one node of a multi-core machine (Troll from Grid’5000), we showed that when combining existing heuristic with graph compression, with Pagerank being executing on Live Journal dataset, we can reduce with cn-order: cache-references from 29.94% (without compression) to 39.56% (with compression), cache-misses from 37.87% to 51.90% and hence time from 18.93% to 28.66%