International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology (IJARIT)
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Prédiction des adventices de la canne à sucre à La Réunion : une approche par apprentissage supervisé multi-labels
No full textInternational audienceIn agricultural surveys, weeds are considered as the most harmful pests. We propose a comparative study of multi-label classification algorithms to predict their weediness.The results show that the ML-ARAM and ML-kNN are the most efficient with a need to further improve the predictions
New triterpenoid saponin from the stems of Albizia adianthifolia (Schumach.) W.Wight
No full textInternational audienceAs part of our continuing study of apoptosis-inducing saponins from Cameroonian Albizia genus, one new triterpenoid saponin, named adianthifolioside J (1), together with the known gummiferaoside E (2), were isolated from Albizia adianthifolia stems. The structure of the new saponin (1), was established on the basis of extensive analysis of 1 D and 2 D NMR (1H-, 13C-NMR, DEPT, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC, HSQC-TOCSY and HMBC) and HRESIMS experiments, and by chemical evidence as 3-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-fucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-21-O-{(2E,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methyl-6-O-{4-O-[(2E,6S)-2,6-dimethyl-6-O-(β-D-quinovopyranosyl)octa-2,7-dienoyl]-(β-D-quinovopyranosyl)octa-2,7-dienoyl]}acacic acid-28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-[5-O-acetyl-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1→4)]-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (1). The pro-apoptotic activity of the new isolated saponin 1 was evaluated, using Annexin V-FITC binding assay, on the A431 human epidermoid cancer cell. The result showed that adianthifolioside J (1) displayed weak pro-apoptotic activity
Biogeochemical Niche of Magnetotactic Cocci Capable of Sequestering Large Polyphosphate Inclusions in the Anoxic Layer of the Lake Pavin Water Column
No full textInternational audienceMagnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are microorganisms thriving mostly at oxic–anoxic boundaries of aquatic habitats. MTB are efficient in biomineralising or sequestering diverse elements intracellularly, which makes them potentially important actors in biogeochemical cycles. Lake Pavin is a unique aqueous system populated by a wide diversity of MTB with two communities harbouring the capability to sequester not only iron under the form of magnetosomes but also phosphorus and magnesium under the form of polyphosphates, or calcium carbonates, respectively. MTB thrive in the water column of Lake Pavin over a few metres along strong redox and chemical gradients representing a series of different microenvironments. In this study, we investigate the relative abundance and the vertical stratification of the diverse populations of MTB in relation to environmental parameters, by using a new method coupling a precise sampling for geochemical analyses, MTB morphotype description, and in situ measurement of the physicochemical parameters. We assess the ultrastructure of MTB as a function of depth using light and electron microscopy. We evidence the biogeochemical niche of magnetotactic cocci, capable of sequestering large PolyP inclusions below the oxic–anoxic transition zone. Our results suggest a tight link between the S and P metabolisms of these bacteria and pave the way to better understand the implication of MTB for the P cycle in stratified environmental conditions
Dynamic Large Financial Networks via Conditional Expected Shortfalls
No full textInternational audienceIn this article, we first generalize the Conditional Auto-Regressive Expected Shortfall (CARES) model by introducing the loss exceedances of all (other) listed companies in the Expected Shortfall related to each firm, thus proposing the CARES-X model (where the ‘X’, as usual, stands for eXtended in the case of large-dimensional problems). Second, we construct a regularized network of US financial companies by introducing the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator in the estimation step. Third, we also propose a calibration approach for uncovering the relevant edges between the network nodes, finding that the estimated network structure dynamically evolves through different market risk regimes. We ultimately show that knowledge of the extreme risk network links provides useful information, since the intensity of these links has strong implications on portfolio risk. Indeed, it allows us to design effective risk management mitigation allocation strategies.<br/
Participatory variety selection of improved finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] varieties at Debube Ari District, South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Get PDFFinger millet is staple food crop in drought-prone areas of the world and often considered as a component of food security strategies in Ethiopia. However, its yield is low in South Omo zone due to different production problems such as lack of improved varieties, lodging, and moisture stress in dry areas. A participatory finger millet variety selection was conducted at Kaysa, Baytesimal and Alga kebeles of Debube Ari District, South Omo Zone during the 2019-cropping season to identify high yielding finger millet variety/varieties .The field experiments was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The combined analysis’s of variance results revealed that there were significant (p<0.05) differences among varieties based on the recorded parameters except the harvest index. The maximum combined mean grain yield obtained to the varieties: Tadesse, Tesema and Kako-1 were 3746.75 kg ha-1, 3691.94 kg ha-1, and 3593.42 kg ha-1, respectively. While the minimum grain yield was recorded to variety, BKFM-0010 was 1341.18 kg ha-1. Regarding farmers\u27 preferences, variety Kako-1 and Tesema had higher grain yield followed by variety Tadesse. Based on data from researchers and farmers, varieties Tadesse, Tesema, and Kako-1 were the best varieties for the test agro-ecologies. Therefore; varieties; Tadesse, Tesema and Kako-1 could be recommended and popularized for use in the test areas and similar agro-ecologies.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(1): 129-136, June 202
Financial profitability analysis of dairy milk production in some selected areas of Bangladesh
Get PDFThe study analyzed profitability and productivity of dairy milk production from a survey of 70 respondents (farmers and market actors) in Dhaka region. Responsible factors that affect dairy milk production were identified using the Cobb-Douglas production function. The findings unveil that significant coefficients of variables exhibit positive impact on the dairy milk production. It is possible for dairy farmers to enjoy sufficient profits from milk production since earned gross return and net return were Tk. 1099 and Tk. 594, respectively against the total cost of production Tk. 487.83 per cow per day. Average production of milk per cow was 12.5 liters. The estimated Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) was 2.17 that is dairy farmers earned Tk. 2.17 investing one taka in dairy farming.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(1): 182-187, June 202
Trade-off between forest conservation and agricultural expansion in Gura-ferda district, Southwest Ethiopia
Get PDFAgricultural expansion is one of the main drivers of deforestation in Ethiopia. This study was therefore carried out to examine the trade-off between forest and agricultural land uses in Guraferda district, southwest Ethiopia. Data to estimate economic values of land use were derived from the household surveys, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. The household surveys were carried out in four purposively selected kebeles. Within the selected Kebeles, a total of 186 sample households were selected randomly. In addition, this study used Remote Sensing (RS) to detect and quantify LULC changes that occurred in the district throughout a thirty-year study period. The study employed by Excel 2013 for solving a cost –benefit analysis and ERDAS Imagine 9.1 for image processing. The finding revealed that an expansion of agriculture/settlement and shrinkage of forest and shrub land over the last thirty-year. The forest and shrub land use decreased by 0.43 and 2.42% ha year-1, respectively, whereas agriculture/settlement and grassland increased by 9.1 and 0.64% ha year-1, respectively over the same period. The deforestation rate is estimated at 425 ha year-1 in the study area. Analysis of trade-off provides estimated forgone earnings of about ETB 79,138 ETB (1665.3 USD ha-1) and ETB 258,298.10 (5,435.5 USD ha-1) from forest conservation and crop production, respectively assuming a 20-year planning horizon and a 10% discount rate. The 425 ha of annual deforestation entails a loss of ETB 33,633,650 (707,779 USD year-1) from forest conservation and a gain of 109,776,692.5 ETB (2,310,115.5 USD) agricultural activity.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(1): 45-55, June 202
Evaluation of improved Cassava (Manihot esculanta Crantz) varieties in mid land area of South Omo Zone, Ethiopia
Get PDFCassava is one of the most important foods security crops, especially in those regions disposed to difficult crop environments. The crop is also grown in the southern part of Ethiopia and plays an important role for home consumption, animal feed and source of income for small-scale farmers. However, its productivity is still low due to the lack of improved planting materials. Therefore, the experiment was conducted at Jinka Agricultural Research Center’s research site during the 2018 and 2019 consecutive cropping seasons to investigate the adaptability of improved cassava varieties and to select high-yielding variety/varieties for the target area. Four improved cassava varieties (Hawassa-4, Kello, Qulle and Chichu) and one local check were used as treatments and arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. ANOVA revealed that the interaction between year and variety showed non-significant, whereas varieties performed significantly different (p<0.05) for root yield and other yield-related characters considered in this study. The higher mean value of total root yield was recorded on Hawassa-4 (56.91 ton ha-1) followed by Kello (42.8 ton ha-1) and showed good mean performance for root yield-related parameters than local and Qulle varieties. In general, the varieties Hawassa-4 and Kello yielded better than local checks by 50.95% and 13.5%, respectively. Therefore, the variety Hawassa-4 followed by Kello was identified as the highest yielding and adaptable Cassava varieties at the midland area of South Omo Zone and similar agro-ecologies.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(1): 101-104, June 202
Profitability assessment and efficiency analysis of tilapia farming in Bangladesh: An application on data envelopment analysis
Get PDFThis study was carried out to find out the financial profitability and technical efficiency of tilapia fish farmers in the selected area of Bangladesh. A total of 70 tilapia fish farmers (large 36 farmers and small 34 farmers) were selected from major tilapia producing area at Trishal upazila of Mymensingh district in Bangladesh. To fulfill the objectives of this study, profitability, socioeconomic analysis, Cobb-Douglas production function and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) were employed. Study revealed that gross profit margin of the large farmers was 24.42% and small scale farmers was 23.8% indicating that farmers did not enough well in managing their farm and farmers has less capacity to cover for operating, financing and other cost. Break-even price for the large tilapia farmers worked out Tk. 77.33 per kg and small farmers was Tk. 81.56 per kg while break-even production for large farmers was found 1159.64 kg per hectare. Benefit cost ratio, net profit margin were found more than one and positive respectively, indicated that tilapia farming was commercially profitable. Considering all selected farmers, tilapia farming found a profitable business where undiscounted BCR for large farmers was 1.213 and a small farmer was 1.230. The mean technical efficiency level of tilapia fish farmers was 81.8 (where allocative efficiency was 93.1 and scale efficiency was 88.2) percent, implies that by operating at full technical efficiency levels, tilapia yield could be increased and efficient farmers found more productive than inefficient farmers. The results of technical efficiency showed that the farmers were efficient nevertheless, the sample farmers operated well below the production frontier and hence that they still had a chance to achieve targeted yields. Farmer’s financial benefit can be increased by reducing the feed price or increasing the output price.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(1): 120-128, June 202