International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology (IJARIT)
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Évaluation de l'utilisation systématique de l'application SAUV-Life à La Réunion
No full textBackground : Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) are a matter of public health. Survival is highly dependent on the early initiation of an external cardiac massage (ECM) and the use of a defibrillator. The smartphone app SAUV-Life makes it possible for volunteers to assist victims, in collaboration with the SAMU (French emergency service). Our main objective was to evaluate the systematic use of SAUV-Life in Reunion Island by comparing the rates of reversed cardiac arrest.Method : Retrospective, analytic and observational study. Victims of OHCA who required the dispatch of a SMUR (French emergency rapid response) unit, were included by extracting data from the emergency coordination software EXOS. From January 1st to April 14 for the standard group and from April 15 to July 31 for the second group when the SAUV-Life app was systematically used.Results : 282 OHCA were included, 140 for the standard group with 27 uses, and 142 for the SAUV-Life group with 34 uses. The sex ratio was 1.94 and the median age 59.6 yo. Among the first witnesses, 49% started an ECM. The rate of reversed cardiac arrests was similar for both groups, around 17% (p:0.98). The rate of shockable rhythm when the emergency services arrived was not significantly different (15% vs 13%, p:0.64) and the No-Flow wasn't either (9min 30s vs 10min24s, p:0.59). During subgroup analysis, no significant differences were found regarding reversed OHCA and the use of the SAUV-Life app. In total, the app was used 61 times and 8 ECM were started.Conclusion : : There is currently no advantage in systematically using the SAUV-Life app in Reunion Island. The pool of users is not large enough and a rescuer is rarely available. More awareness seems necessary if we want to bring the benefits of using the app to light.Introduction : L’arrêt cardiorespiratoire extrahospitalier (ACEH) est un enjeu de santé publique. Sa survie est étroitement liée à l’initiation précoce du massage cardiaque externe (MCE) et à l’utilisation d’un défibrillateur. SAUV-Life, application pour smartphone, permet à des volontaires de venir en aide aux victimes, via le SAMU. Notre objectif principal était d’évaluer l’utilisation systématique de SAUV-Life à la Réunion en comparant les taux d’ACEH récupérés.Méthode : Etude rétrospective, analytique et observationnelle. Les victimes d’ACEH ayant nécessité l’envoi d’un SMUR ont été inclues à partir des données du logiciel de régulation EXOS. Du 1er janvier au 14 avril pour le groupe standard et du 15 avril au 31 juillet 2021 pour le groupe SAUV-Life où l’application était utilisée en systématique.Résultats :282 ACEH ont été inclus, 140 dans le groupe standard avec 27 utilisations et 142 dans le groupe SAUV-Life avec 34 utilisations. Le sexe ratio était de 1.94 et la médiane d’âge de 59.6 ans. Parmi les 1er témoins, 49% ont débuté le MCE. Le taux d’ACR récupérés est similaire dans les 2 groupes à 17% (p:0.98). Le taux de rythme choquable à l’arrivée des secours est non significatif (15% vs 13%, p:0.64) ainsi que le No Flow (9min 30s vs 10min24s, p:0.59). Dans les analyses en sous-groupe, aucune différence significative n’est trouvée en fonction des ACEH récupérés ou de l’utilisation de SAUV-Life. Au total, l’application a été utilisée 61 fois et 8 MCE ont été débutés.Conclusion : Il n’y a pas de bénéfice à utiliser SAUV-Life en systématique à la Réunion. L’application est peu répandue et un sauveteur est rarement disponible. Une sensibilisation semble nécessaire pour mettre en évidence un bénéfice à son utilisation
Coefficient de variation et ses applications en régression linéaire et en extraction des règles d’association sur les variables quantitatives
No full textThe coefficient of variation is a widely used as a measure of dispersion by researchers today. This is justified by the multiplication of applications of this measure in different research fields. Currently, there are 12 measures of dispersion, four of which are coefficients of variation: Pearson's coefficient of variation, the two relative coefficients of variation and Sharma's coefficient of variation. After having evaluated them, using the assessment criteria identified in the literature, our study shows that the Sharma coefficient of variation is the best measure of dispersion. However, the latter still seems to be unexploited by today's researchers. Thus, this thesis contributes to the valorization of this measure as a real tool for decision support. To this end, after having contributed to the research of the distribution law of this new dispersionmeasure, we present its use in the extraction of association rules on quantitative variables. In order to enhance the use of the coefficient of variation in the concept of linear regression, a test of heteroscedasticity based on the Pearson coefficient is proposed. Finally, a pedagogical reflection on the coefficient of variation is made to stimulate its teaching in high school.Le coefficient de variation est une mesure de dispersion très utilisée par les chercheurs d’aujourd’hui. Cela est justifié par la multiplication des applications de cette mesure dans les différents domaines de recherche. Actuellement, on compte 12 mesures de dispersion dont quatre sont des coefficients de variation : le coefficient de variation de Pearson, les deux coefficients de variation relative et le coefficient de variation de Sharma. Après les avoir évalués, à l’aide des critères d’appréciation recensés dans la littérature, notre étude montre que le coefficient de variation de Sharma est la meilleure mesure de dispersion. Pourtant, ce dernier semble encore non exploité par les chercheurs d’aujourd’hui. Ainsi, cette thèse contribue à la valorisation de cette mesure en tant qu’un véritable outil d’aide à la décision. Pour ce faire, après avoircontribué à la recherche de la loi de distribution de cette nouvelle mesure de dispersion, nous présentons son usage dans l’extraction des règles d’association sur les variables quantitatives. Afin de valoriser l’usage du coefficient de variation dans le concept de régression linéaire, un test d’hétéroscédasticité basé sur le coefficient de Pearson est proposé. Enfin, une réflexion pédagogique sur le coefficient de variation est faite pour stimuler son enseignement plus efficace au lycée
Nitrogen Speciation in Silicate Melts at Mantle Conditions From Ab Initio Simulations
No full textInternational audienc
Extreme Hydrometeorological Events, a Challenge for Gravimetric and Seismology Networks
No full textInternational audienceExtreme events will become more common due to global change, requiring enhanced monitoring and pushing conventional observation networks to their limits. This encourages us to combine all the possible sources of information to obtain a complete picture of extreme events and their evolution. This commentary builds on an example of the July 2021 catastrophic floods that hit northwest Europe, for which the use of seismometer and gravimeter captures complementary data and brings a new understanding of the event and its dynamics. A sudden increase in seismic noise coincides with the testimony reporting on a “tsunami” downstream of the geophysical station. Concurrently, the gravimeter showed increasing saturation of the weathered zone, showing less and less water accumulation and increasing runoff. When rain re-intensified after a 3-hr break, the subsoil's saturation state induced an accelerated runoff increase, as revealed by the river flow, in a much stronger way than during the rainy episodes just before. We show that the gravimeter detected the saturation of the catchment subsoil and soil in real-time. When the rain re-intensified, this saturation resulted in a sudden, devastating and deadly flood. Our study opens up the possibility of integrating real-time gravity in early warning systems for such events
What are the mechanisms of gastrointestinal lipases adsorption onto heterogenous biomimetic vegetal membranes?
No full textInternational audienceGastrointestinal lipases are crucial for lipid hydrolysis and must get adsorbed onto the substrate interface prior lipolysis. Such adsorption had not been deeply investigated on biomimetic vegetal membranes. Our objective was thus to characterize such adsorption and lipolysis using complementary biophysical tools (tensiometry, ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy) and in vitro digestion.Heterogenous monolayers based on galactolipids, phospholipids, and phytosterols were used. Four lipases were studied: i) gastric lipase (GL), ii) pancreatic lipase 2 (PLRP2), (iii) pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase and its cofactor, colipase (PTL/coPTL), and (iv) pancreatic secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IB).A strong surfactant property of GL and its preferential adsorption onto expanded lipid phase and at the phase boundary were observed, in line with previous results on milk fat globule membrane. With PLRP2, changes in surface pressure indicated a lipolytic activity. Such variation was not observed upon PTL/coPTL adsorption, and may be related to the absence of activity of PTL on polar lipids. The injection of sPLA2-IB did not indicate a clear trend of lipolysis on the lipid film but changed the morphology of condensed domains.This study is a step forward to understand the interactions of gastrointestinal lipases with plant lipid membranes, an overlooked aspect of lipid digestio
Unraveling the invisible leptospirosis in mainland Southeast Asia and its fate under climate change
No full textInternational audienceLeptospirosis is a neglected waterborne zoonosis of growing concern in tropical and low-income regions. Endemic in Southeast Asia, its distribution and environmental factors such as climate controlling its dynamics remain poorly documented. In this paper, we investigate for the first time the current and future leptospirosis burden at a local scale in mainland Southeast Asia. We adjusted machine-learning models on incidence reports from the Thai surveillance system to identify environmental determinants of leptospirosis. The explanatory variables tested in our models included climate, topographic, land cover and soil variables. The model performing the best in cross-validation was used to estimate the current incidence regionally in Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos. It then allowed to predict the spatial distribution of leptospirosis future burden from 2021 to 2100 based on an ensemble of CMIP6 climate model projections and 4 Shared Socio-economics Pathways ranging from the most optimistic to the no-climate policy outcomes (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5). Leptospirosis incidence was best estimated by 10 environmental variables: four landscape-, four rainfall-, two temperature-related variables. Of all tested scenario, the worst-case scenario of climate change (SSP5-8.5) surprisingly appeared as the best-case scenario for the future of leptospirosis since it would induce a significant global decline in disease incidence in Southeast Asia mainly driven by the increasing temperatures. These global patterns are however contrasted regionally with some regions showing increased incidence in the future. Our work highlights climate and the environment as major drivers of leptospirosis incidence in Southeast Asia. Applying our model to regions where leptospirosis is not routinely monitored suggests an overlooked burden in the region. As our model focuses on leptospirosis responses to environmental drivers only, some other factors, such as poverty, lifestyle or behavioral changes, could further influence these estimated future patterns
Le risque de saignement intracrânien après traumatisme crânien léger (TCL) chez des patients traités par anticoagulants oraux directs (AOD) par rapport aux patients traités par anti- vitamines K (AVK)
No full textBackground : In France is recommanded to perform a CT scan and monitoring for 12 to 24 hours to patients on anticoagulants (AC) presenting with mild traumatic brain injury (MCT). This attitude is justified by an established risk of increased intracranial lesions and death in patients treated with vitamin K antagonists (AVK), but the relevance of this management in patients treated with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) has not been established.Objectives : We compared the prevalence of intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) during MTBI in patients on VKA and on DOAC on Reunion Island.Material and Methods : In this single-center retrospective study, we included all patients treated with DOAC or VKA who consulted at the emergency departament of the Centre Hospitalier Ouest Reunion for MTBI who underwent a CT scan between January 2012 and July 2021.Results : 239 patients were included. 16% of patients on DOAC presented with ICH compared to 5% of patients on VKA (RR=2.85 CI [1.09; 8.41] p=0.041). Post-traumatic headaches and a history of ischemic heart disease were significantly associated with intracranial bleeding.Conclusion : Patients treated with DOAC have a lower risk of ICH after TCL compared to patients treated with VKA.Contexte : La réalisation d’un scanner cérébral et une surveillance de 12h à 24h sont recommandés en France chez les patients sous anticoagulants (ACs) présentant un traumatisme crânien léger (TCL). Cette attitude se justifie par un risque établi de lésions intracrâniennes et de décès augmenté chez les patients traités par antivitamine K (AVK) mais la pertinence de cette prise en charge chez les patients traités par anticoagulants oraux direct (AOD) n’est pas établie. Objectifs : Nous avons comparé la prévalence des hémorragies intracrâniennes lors d’un TCL chez les patients sous AVK et sous AOD à la Réunion.Matériel et Méthodes : Dans cette étude rétrospective monocentrique, nous avons inclus tous patients traités par AOD ou AVK ayant consulté au SAU du CHOR pour TCL ayant bénéficié d’un scanner cérébral entre Janvier 2012 et Juillet 2021.Résultats : 239 patients ont été inclus. 16% des patients sous AOD ont présenté une hémorragie intracrânienne contre 5% des patients sous AVK (OR=2,85 [1,09 ; 8,41] p=0,041). Les céphalées post-traumatiques et un antécédent de cardiopathie ischémique étaient associés significativement à un saignement intra cranien. Conclusion : Les patients traités par AOD ont un risque moindre de saignement intracrânien après TCL en comparaison avec les patients traités par AVK
The Case for a New Frontiers-Class Uranus Orbiter: System Science at an Underexplored and Unique World with a Mid-scale Mission
No full textInternational audienceCurrent knowledge of the Uranian system is limited to observations from the flyby of Voyager 2 and limited remote observations. However, Uranus remains a highly compelling scientific target due to the unique properties of many aspects of the planet itself and its system. Future exploration of Uranus must focus on cross-disciplinary science that spans the range of research areas from the planet's interior, atmosphere, and magnetosphere to the its rings and satellites, as well as the interactions between them. Detailed study of Uranus by an orbiter is crucial not only for valuable insights into the formation and evolution of our solar system but also for providing ground truths for the understanding of exoplanets. As such, exploration of Uranus will not only enhance our understanding of the ice giant planets themselves but also extend to planetary dynamics throughout our solar system and beyond. The timeliness of exploring Uranus is great, as the community hopes to return in time to image unseen portions of the satellites and magnetospheric configurations. This urgency motivates evaluation of what science can be achieved with a lower-cost, potentially faster-turnaround mission, such as a New Frontiers-class orbiter mission. This paper outlines the scientific case for and the technological and design considerations that must be addressed by future studies to enable a New Frontiers-class Uranus orbiter with balanced cross-disciplinary science objectives. In particular, studies that trade scientific scope and instrumentation and operational capabilities against simpler and cheaper options must be fundamental to the mission formulation
A predominantly tropical influence on late Holocene hydroclimate variation in the hyperarid central Sahara
No full textInternational audienceThe climate history of the Sahara desert during recent millennia is obscured by the near absence of natural climate archives, hampering insight in the relative importance of southerly (tropical) and northerly (midlatitude) weather systems at submillennial time scales. A new lake sediment record from Ounianga Serir oasis in northern Chad, spanning the Late Holocene without interruption, confirms that immediately before ca 4200 years ago, the Sahara experienced an episode of hyperaridity even more extreme than today’s desert climate. The hypersaline terminal lake which formed afterwards never desiccated during the late Holocene due to continuous inflow of fossil groundwater, yet its water balance was sensitive to temporal variation in local rainfall and lake surface evaporation. Our in-lake geochemical proxies show that, during the last 3000 years, century-scale hydroclimate variation in the central Sahara primarily tracked the intensity of the tropical West African monsoon, modulated at shorter time scales by weather patterns linked to shifts in midlatitude Atlantic Ocean circulation
La mise en place du distanciel et de l'hybridation dans des contextes de grandes pauvretés
No full textInternational audienceWork on digital hybridization (e-learning) in higher education has been going on since the 1990s, but it was given a major boost by the HySup project conducted in 2010 by Peraya, Charlier, Burton, Lameul, etc. This work is currently being re-interrogated in light of the post-pandemic context, but also in light of the contexts of great poverty (material, technical, social) in Mayotte. In national surveys conducted in French departments including overseas (Mercier, 2020; Wallian et al., 2020; Weiss et al., 2020), students highlight needs in terms of pedagogical support but also in terms of a sense of socio-affective presence (Lefer Sauvage and Mercier, 2021). Mobile digital resources (phone, tablet) are used even though their place is still taboo in university learning, considered (before containment) as neither useful nor easy in university teaching (Lefer Sauvage, 2021). Cultural implications are also considered since the cell phone changes the relationship with others (Dibanaka, 2002), the forms of socialization (Akregbou Boua, 2014) and participates in cultural imaginaries (Modandi, 2014). This paper is then an opportunity to present, in the form of counterfactuals, the possible changes in university teaching-learning practices through the use of cell phones, under the prism of these contexts and its cultural inscription, and to redefine the notion of hybridization. This is also the issue of one of the two theses linked to the X-MEM project (ANR Ami-Demoe).Les travaux sur l'hybridation numérique dans l'enseignement supérieur existent depuis les années 1990 mais ont connu un essor important à travers le projet HySup mené en 2010 par Peraya, Charlier, Burton, Lameul etc. Ces travaux sont actuellement ré-interrogés au regard du contexte post-pandémique, mais aussi des contextes de grandes pauvretés (matérielles, techniques, sociales) à Mayotte. Dans les enquêtes nationales menées dans les départements français incluant l’Outre-Mer (Mercier, 2020 ; Wallian et al., 2020 ; Weiss et al., 2020), les étudiants mettent en avant des besoins en termes d’accompagnement pédagogique mais aussi de sentiment de présence socio-affective (Lefer Sauvage et Mercier, 2021). Les ressources numériques mobiles (téléphone, tablette) sont utilisés alors même que leur place est encore taboue dans l’apprentissage universitaire, considérées (avant le confinement) comme peu utiles ni faciles dans l’enseignement universitaire (Lefer Sauvage, 2021). Des implications culturelles sont également envisagées puisque le téléphone portable change les rapports aux autres (Dibanaka, 2002) , les formes de socialisations (Akregbou Boua, 2014) et participe aux imaginaires culturels (Modandi, 2014). Cette communication est alors l’occasion de présenter, sous forme de contrefactuels, les changements possibles de pratiques d’enseignement-apprentissage universitaire à travers l’usage du téléphone portable, sous le prisme de ces contextes et de son inscription culturelle, et de redéfinir la notion d’hybridation. C’est également l’enjeu d’une des deux thèses liée au projet X-MEM (ANR Ami-Demoe)