International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology (IJARIT)
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Participatory demonstration of newly recommended nitrogenous fertilizer application rate on maize and evaluation of its effect on maize Productivity case of Halaba zone SNNPR, Ethiopia
Full text linkNutrient deficiency is one of among major problems constraining the development of economically successful agriculture. Specifically, this resulted from lower crop performance. To enhance crop performance, the application of the newly recommended fertilizer rate is among the necessary measures. Hence, this pre-extension demonstration of the newly recommended fertilizer rate on maize and evaluated the change in its profitability. The demonstration was conducted at two farmers’ training centers and ten beneficiary farmers’ fields. Partial budget analysis was employed to evaluate the change in profitability from the new recommended rate. Based on the result, the average yield performances that were obtained from farmer\u27s fields were 40.0 Q ha-1, 29.4 Q ha-1 of the new rate, and blanket recommendation rate, respectively. In addition, the yields obtained from the farmers’ training center were 47.0 Q ha-1 and 33 Q ha-1 of the new recommendation rate and blanket recommendation rate, respectively. This might be due to the effective monitoring and follow-ups in the farmers\u27 training center than the farmers’ field. The result of the partial budget analysis revealed that adopting of newly recommended rate increases the overall profit, which is 8680 ETB per hectare. Therefore, it is better if increase the adoption rate of the newly recommended fertilizer rate on maize to improve the production and productivity of maize producers.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(2): 96-100, December 202
Evaluation of organo-mineral qualities of combusted compost floor litters in Achalla forest reserve on early growth responses of Dacryodes edulis H. J. Lam
Full text linkThis study evaluated the potential of compost-combusted forest litters as alternative sources of ex-situ organo-mineral products to the direct use of controlled fire for enhanced soil nutrients in forest stands. Floor litters from six (6) delineated standing forest patches of Pterocarpus erinaceus, Gmelina arborea, Tectona grandis, Bambusa vulgaris, Ceiba pentandra and Mangifera indica were characterized for N, K, P, Ca and Mg; composted for 3, 6, 9 and 12 days and then uniformly combusted to produce organo-minerals for early growth response of Dacryodes edulis in a 6 x 4 split-plot factorial experiment. Analysis of variance was conducted for litter characteristics, calorific values, moisture, ash contents, and germination and growth variables of Dacryodes edulis while significant means were separated with DMRT (p ≥ 0.05). Results showed that Mangifera had the highest P (0.68%) and K (1.15%); Bamboo had the highest N (1.92%). Germination was 6>9>12> 3 days with Bamboo > Ceiba > Teak > Mangifera > Gmelina > Pterocarpus for 6 days organo-minerals, but the highest height (21.56 ± 6.77 cm) by Pterocarpus to implicate litters under microbe-thermal mediation as sustainable organo-mineral ex-situ products to combat incidence of forest fire for fertile forest soil. Thus, in-situ controlled fire in standing forests is no longer needed for nutrient-rich forest-agriculture.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 13(1): 31-37, June 202
Nutritional quality analysis of different Moringa provenance in Bale, Southeast Ethiopia
Full text linkMoringa is a tree with medicinal, nutritional, industrial, and socio-economic values. Moringa leaf extracts have potential antihypertensive, antispasmodic, antiulcer, diuretic, hepato-protective and cholesterol-lowering activities. The study was conducted to analyze the nutritional quality of different moringa provenances and to promote the best provenances for the end users. Field experiments were conducted in Goro and Dallo Mena districts of Bale located in Oromia regional state of Ethiopia. Collected samples were air-dried at room temperature and milled for laboratory analysis. According to this study growing environment did not bring significant variation (P>0.05) in average mineral contents like Mg, Zn, P and CP content of the provenances. But significantly higher (P<0.05) Na, K, and Ca were recorded for the samples collected from Dallo Mena district, whereas higher Ash and Fe content was recorded in Goro district. On the other hand, provenance from Dallo Mena and Bako is superior to most of the quality characters analyzed. However, the one from Arbaminch is higher in Na and Zn contents. Provenance from Abay Filiklik is higher in Ash, K and P content. Moringa leaf is rich in Ash, Zn, Cp, and Mg to the sufficient level, while Fe, Ca and P are to the level of high or double to triple to the optimum level when compared to the optimum nutrient content of plant material. Generally, higher mean and individual chemical quality values were recorded from provenances grown in Dallo Mena district except for K, Fe, Zn, and CP, which are higher in Goro.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 13(1): 83-88, June 202
Evaluation of nutrient efficiency of carapace (crab shell) in agriculture sector
Full text linkIn the coastal region, crab cultivators are concerned about the wastage produced by crab moulting and polluting soil health for pisciculture. Farmers have recently been using different bio-compost, produced after decomposing as vegetable wastage, cow dung, Trico-compost and vermin-compost. The nutritional composition of carapace based on dry matter has been approximately analysed and indicates DM-97.33%, Moisture-2.67%, Crude protein, CP-0.02%, Ether extract, Lipid-2.12%, Crude fiber, CF-5.57% and Ash, Minerals-20.25%. After decomposing, the crab shell was used for BARI hybrid summer tomato production in a field trial to observe the plant vegetative and yield performance. In the field, trial has been set five (5) treatments with six (6) replications for each treatment as T1= control treatment, T2= Soil (50%) + vermin-compost (50%), T3= vermin-compost (100%), T4= Crab Shell compost (100%), T5=Soil (50%) + Crab Shell compost (25%) + Vermin-compost (25%). Crab shell compost has a significant relation to vermin compost for enhancing the leaf length of the plant. T4 was more significant than T2 and T5 for enhancing the leaf width of plants and average fruit weight. Crab shell compost is non-significance for increased tiller number, inflorescence number and plant height. T5 have a more significant relation than vermin-compost for increasing the tiller number of plant. After the field trial, the soil nutrient analysis report showed that alkalinity is on the optimum label for crop production. Decomposed crab shell-treated soil also increases Organic matter, Nitrogen, Potassium, Boron, Zinc, and salinity but reduces phosphorous compared to the control treatment. Therefore, the decomposed crab shell is a nutrient source for agricultural production.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 13(1): 103-109, June 202
Le traitement médiatique de la crise pandémique de Covid-19 au Cameroun : logiques de production et identité du journalisme scientifique en question
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Biocultural landscapes diversity shaped by agricultural systems in Madagascar
No full textInternational audienceUnderstanding how biocultural landscapes, as a result of human-nature interactions, have emerged and will evolve seem to us a fundamental prerequisite to better anticipate and understand the new ecological dynamics at work in Madagascar. This may help to better implement biodiversity conservation measures within and outside protected areas. In this contribution, we present several biocultural landscapes on the island, providing examples in contrasting ecological situations. These range from relatively old agricultural and agroforestry landscapes that continue to evolve today, which in turn make up relatively densely wooded landscapes without natural forests in an agroforestry landscape entirely formed by farmers. These cultivated landscapes, rich in cash crops, provide significant income to farmers, which makes such regions some of the most economically productive on the island. In contrast, the dry spiny thicket in the extreme south, provides an example with rather different dynamics. Here, the combination of the local cultural groups relying on agricultural activities (hatsaky or swidden agriculture) and hunting-gathering live in a rather ecologically extreme ecosystem. In the following sections, we present several biocultural landscapes and place each in its historical, biogeographical, human, and economic context
Market chain analysis of goat in south omo zone of SNNPR, Ethiopia
Full text linkThis study was initiated to identify market chain actors and their function in the market, investigate the structure conduct and performance of goat marketing in south omo zones of SNNPR, Ethiopia during the year 2018. Primary data were collected from sampled pastoralists and agro pastoralists, traders and brokers. Before the household survey, key informant interview and focus group discussions were conducted with producers, traders and brokers. Descriptive Statistics and qualitative data analysis techniques were employed to analyze the goat market structure, conduct and performance. The results show that producers, brokers, traders and consumers were the major goat market actors. Regarding the market structure, cattle market is known to be dominated by few traders. Although the degree of competition varies, goat market structure in the study area has an oligopolistic nature. This shows that only few traders have the majority of market share and earn abnormal profit. Besides, goat market is characterized by entry barriers, distant market point, high trucking cost, seasonality of marketing, information asymmetries and unfriendly relation between actors. As the pastoralists and agro pastoralists mainly depend on goat for their livelihoods and other cultural values, traders take advantage of the asymmetric market information towards them. The larger share of the market gains remains with end traders thereby limiting the pastoralists and agro pastoralists chance to realize the economic gains in goat production. Thus, linking producers to market and its benefits, establishing cooperatives and development of infrastructure could play a significant role for optimization of the sector.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 11(2): 52-60, Dec 202
Households’ willingness to pay for improved water service in Bonga town, Kaffa zone, Southwestern Ethiopia
Full text linkThis study was initiated to estimate households’ willingness to pay for improved water services and identify its determinants by using the contingent valuation method in Bonga town of Kaffa zone, Southwestern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional data from a total of 212 sampled households’ from two randomly selected kebeles of Bonga town. Contingent valuation survey responses were analyzed through descriptive and econometric analysis using Probit and Bivariate probit model. Double bounded dichotomous choice with open-ended follow-up format was used to elicit the household’s willingness to pay. The descriptive analysis showed that out of the total 205 valid responses indicated that most households’ have perceived the problem of existing water services and were willing to pay for its improvement. Results from the study showed that about 80.98% of the sampled households were willing to pay the initial bid offered for an improvement in their water services scheme. The Probit model regression result shows that the age, daily water use, satisfaction level, fetching time, initial bid, ownership of the house, quality, family size, stay in town, and income were important factors that influenced WTP for improved water service. The study also shows that the maximum willingness to pay for improved water service was calculated to be 57.62 Birr and 30.11 Birr per month from double bounded and open-ended format respectively. The study also reveals that the aggregate welfare gains from the improvement of water supply in the study area were calculated to be 1,176,531 and 614,810 ETB per month from double bounded dichotomous choice and open-ended format respectively. Therefore, the policymakers, as well as project implementers who design solutions to address the problem of water service in the study area, should take account of these factors into their decision.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(1): 105-114, June 202
Comparative effects of partial conservation farming practices on plant development and yield
Full text linkSustainable farming systems are being introduced to ensure optimum agricultural productivity despite climate change and environmental degradation. One such sustainable agricultural technology is conservation farming (CF). The uptake of this technology has remained low at about 5% years after its introduction. CF has five interrelated practices but for a variety of reasons, farmers are unable or unwilling to adopt all recommended practices. This study studied the agronomic effects of incomplete or partial conservation practice whereby not all the five practices are used, mimicking actual practices adopted by farmers. A split- plot design experiment involving partial or incomplete CF mainly use of basins, ripping were compared to conventional farming of normal ploughing (as main plots) and three crops - cowpea, millet and sorghum (split plot) was conducted. The objective was to determine the agronomic effects and efficacy of partial adoption of CF compared to conventional farming system. Data were collected on vegetative and reproductive parameters including, plant height, germination percentage, canopy density, number of leaves, number of branches/tillers/stems, SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development) readings a proxy for leaf chlorophyll content. Plants grown in basins had higher plant development (plant height, total biomass) and higher yields compared to those on conventional methods. This effect could be explained by better soil physical and chemical conditions in the basins as indicated by higher SPAD readings.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(1): 115-119, June 202
"Exilios y desplazamiento identitario en El cuerpo en que nací (2011) de Guadalupe Nettel"
No full textInternational audienceLa desterritorialización es uno de los ejes más estudiados en la novela hispanoamericana actual, aunque no siempre se utilice este término para aludir a la superación de las literaturas nacionales que da paso a la transitoriedad y al nomadismo del sujeto representado. En este contexto, la construcción identitaria tiende a desplazarse desde un espacio concreto exterior (tal como país o Estado nación) complejo y cambiante, hacia otro más bien íntimo, y en muchos casos, circunscrito al cuerpo. A pesar de que en las novelas que aquí nos sirven como referencia, los personajes se encuentran de algún lado del Atlántico, el dinamismo de sus viajes termina restándole importancia al continente en el que se encuentran y la atención se centra, más bien, en los pedazos de lugares o de experiencias que lleva en sí como cicatrices, marcas o tatuajes. Creemos que uno de los ejemplos más destacados de este fenómeno que se intensifica en la literatura del siglo XXI es la novela El cuerpo en que nací (2011) de Guadalupe Nettel. Se trata, en primer lugar, de una novela en la que el tema identitario es central, ya que estamos frente, a la vez, a una novela de formación (la historia de niñez y adolescencia de una joven escritora) y a una autoficción