International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology (IJARIT)
International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology (IJARIT)Not a member yet
12720 research outputs found
Sort by
Microbiome and metabolome features of the cardiometabolic disease spectrum
No full textInternational audiencePrevious microbiome and metabolome analyses exploring non-communicable diseases have paid scant attention to major confounders of study outcomes, such as common, pre-morbid and co-morbid conditions, or polypharmacy. Here, in the context of ischemic heart disease (IHD), we used a study design that recapitulates disease initiation, escalation and response to treatment over time, mirroring a longitudinal study that would otherwise be difficult to perform given the protracted nature of IHD pathogenesis. We recruited 1,241 middle-aged Europeans, including healthy individuals, individuals with dysmetabolic morbidities (obesity and type 2 diabetes) but lacking overt IHD diagnosis and individuals with IHD at three distinct clinical stages—acute coronary syndrome, chronic IHD and IHD with heart failure—and characterized their phenome, gut metagenome and serum and urine metabolome. We found that about 75% of microbiome and metabolome features that distinguish individuals with IHD from healthy individuals after adjustment for effects of medication and lifestyle are present in individuals exhibiting dysmetabolism, suggesting that major alterations of the gut microbiome and metabolome might begin long before clinical onset of IHD. We further categorized microbiome and metabolome signatures related to prodromal dysmetabolism, specific to IHD in general or to each of its three subtypes or related to escalation or de-escalation of IHD. Discriminant analysis based on specific IHD microbiome and metabolome features could better differentiate individuals with IHD from healthy individuals or metabolically matched individuals as compared to the conventional risk markers, pointing to a pathophysiological relevance of these features
Apport de l'intelligence artificielle au domaine des villes intelligentes : application à l'assistance des déplacements des personnes à mobilité réduite
No full textThe transformation of cities into "smart cities" is one of the goals that governments have been aiming at for the last ten years. This transformation affects several aspects of the city, including eco-citizenship, sustainable governance, and smart mobility. It is on this aspect that our work focuses. Indeed, despite a certain progress in the last few years, people with reduced mobility are often forgotten when it comes to improving urban travel thanks to information and communication technologies. Among these technologies, artificial intelligence is booming and encompasses several fields. Among them, ambient intelligence aims at the design of interconnected services interacting with the real physical environment to provide services to support human activities. It is in this context that our work is placed: the study and construction of an ambient system dedicated to the assistance of people with reduced mobility in an urban environment. However, the design of such a system is constrained by several obstacles. First, we noticed that the vocabulary of the terms coming from these domains was inconstant, and that the whole scientific community is not unanimous on the definition of certain concepts. Our first contribution consists in an ontology, described in OWL, which covers all the elements and concepts necessary for the design of this type of system. Secondly, several current scientific studies underline the lack of a generic architecture model for such systems. As a result, the myriad of solutions proposed in this field suffer from strong limitations in terms of interoperability and reusability of the works. Therefore, our second contribution translates into a generic model facilitating the design of any type of ambient system dedicated to assistance. This model is based on the proposed ontology, while keeping the users at the center of the model. Finally, it has been noticed that ambient systems dedicated to assistance are deployed in an ad-hoc way, either in simulation or in real environment, with an evaluation limited to a statistical analysis of the outputs, or by an evaluation questionnaire submitted to users. We propose an original approach to the implementation of such systems. On the one hand, this approach is based on a simulation-based implementation of the system, on which real elements are progressively added, until a complete deployment in real environment. On the other hand, to evaluate the direct impact of the system, we introduce the analysis of its impact by tools coming from the field of user social network analysis.La transformation des villes en « villes intelligentes » est un des objectifs que les gouvernements visent depuis une dizaine d’années. Cette transformation touche à plusieurs aspects de la ville, dont l’éco-citoyenneté, la gouvernance durable ou encore la mobilité intelligente. C’est sur cet aspect que nos travaux se focalisent. En effet, malgré une certaine progression depuis quelques années, les personnes à mobilité réduite sont souvent oubliées dans la question de l’amélioration des déplacements urbains grâce aux technologies de l’information et de la communication.Parmi ces technologies, l’intelligence artificielle englobe plusieurs domaines et est en plein essor. Un de ces derniers, l’intelligence ambiante vise à la conception de services interconnectés interagissant avec l’environnement physique réel pour offrir des services visant à supporter les activités humaines. C’est dans ce contexte que se placent nos travaux : l’étude et la construction d’un système ambiant dédié à l’assistance des personnes à mobilité réduite en milieu urbain. Or, plusieurs verrous contraignent la conception d’un tel système. Tout d’abord, dans ces domaines, nous avons remarqué que le vocabulaire des termes issus de ces domaines était inconstant, et que toute la communauté scientifique n’est pas unanime sur la définition de certains concepts. Notre première contribution consiste en une ontologie, décrite en OWL, qui recouvre l’ensemble des éléments et concepts nécessaires à la conception de ce type de systèmes. Ensuite, plusieurs études scientifiques actuelles soulignent le manque de modèle d’architecture générique pour de tels systèmes. Ce faisant, la myriade de solutions proposées dans ce domaine souffre de limites fortes sur le plan de l’interopérabilité et de la réutilisabilité des travaux. C’est pourquoi notre deuxième contribution se traduit en un modèle générique facilitant la conception de tout type de système ambiant dédié à l’assistance. Ce modèle s’appuie sur l’ontologie proposée, tout en gardant les utilisateurs au centre du modèle. Enfin, il a été remarqué que les systèmes ambiants dédiés à l'assistance sont déployés de manière ad-hoc. Soit en simulation, en évaluant statistiquement les sorties du système. Soit en milieu réel, où l'évaluation du système se fait par la même observation statistique des sorties, ou par un questionnaire d'évaluation soumis aux utilisateurs. Nous proposons une approche originale de mise en œuvre de tels systèmes. D'une part, cette dernière se base sur une mise en opération du système par simulation hybride, sur laquelle les éléments réels sont ajoutés progressivement, jusqu'à un déploiement en milieu réel complet. D'autre part, dans le but d'évaluer l'impact direct du système, nous proposons l'analyse de son impact par les outils issus du domaine de l'analyse du réseau social des utilisateurs
Metal compositions of carbonaceous chondrites
No full textInternational audienceFeNi metals represent an important fraction of chondritic components that remains relatively unexplored within most carbonaceous chondrite groups. The compositions of these metals can place constraints on the nature of their precursor materials as well as the physicochemical conditions of chondrule formation. In this study, we have analyzed the major, minor and trace element compositions of metal grains from relatively unaltered carbonaceous chondrites NWA 801 (CR), Leoville (CV3.1), Paris (CM2.9), Maribo (CM2.8) and Bells (CM-an). We observe a predominant and constant sub-solar Co/Ni ratio of CR, CM and CM-an metal grains. In Ni versus Co space, the metal grains fall below modelled curves for equilibrium condensation of metals from a solar gas. From Ni versus Cr plots, we infer that Paris (and possibly Leoville) metal grains could have maintained a primary condensation signature, although for most grains, condensation must have occurred under disequilibrium conditions. CR and isolated CM-an metals mostly fall outside of the predicted condensation fields. Based on metal-silicate partition coefficients of Ni and Co that vary with pressure, we interpret their Co/Ni signatures as having a planetary origin, with presumable extraction by impact jetting. Considering that almost all CM and CR metal grains have the same Co/Ni ratio, we cannot rule out a planetary origin for CM metal grains. We relate the highly siderophile element (HSE) patterns of carbonaceous chondrite metal to mixing and subsequent equilibration of refractory metal nuggets (RMN), FeNi alloys and silicate chondrule precursors. As with the Co/Ni ratios, the HSE patterns of CM, CM-an, CR and CV metal grains are nearly identical, suggesting that the abundance and nature of the metal precursor materials were similar for carbonaceous chondrites. The overall volatility patterns of CV, CM and CR chondrites, suggest that the latter form under more oxidizing conditions than CV chondrites. The volatility patterns of Paris metal grains overlap with CV and CR chondrule metals, implying variable P-T-fO2 conditions during CM chondrule formation. Finally, we comment on the origin of metal grains in various petrological settings. Chondrule rim and isolated metal grains are likely derived and expelled from the equilibrated core metal and were subsequently altered to include and re-equilibrate with materials from the disk. Trace element analyses of the anomalous CM chondrite Bells metal grains show potential relationships with CM chondrite and CH chondrite metal for the chondrule cores and isolated grains, respectively. Small metal grains from CM chondrite Maribo, which are located in the chondrite matrix, potentially have distinct volatility patterns from CR and Paris isolated grains, hinting at a distinct origin for small metal grains and large chondrule-derived metal. Future work on carbonaceous chondrite metal should include an investigation of small (micron scale) versus large isolated metal grains
Formule générale de la dérivée d'ordre p d'une fonction polynôme univariée de degré n
No full textThis paper proposes a general formula of the p-order derivate for an univariate polynomial function, i.e. a polynomial of only one variable, of degree n. Based on a simple algebraic manipulation of the general formula, we show that it's now easier to deduce the derivative of any order of any polynomial without passing through the (p-1) successive derivations. Finally, we consider an appropriate illustration in order to show that the successive derivations of the polynomial function and our general formula yield same results.Cet article propose une formule générale de la dérivée d'ordre p d'une fonction polynomiale univariée, c'est-à-dire un polynôme à une seule variable, de degré n. A partir d'une manipulation algébrique triviale de la formule générale, nous montrons qu'il est plus facile de déduire la dérivée d'ordre quelconque de tout polynôme sans passer par les (p-1) dérivations successives. Enfin, nous considérons une illustration appropriée afin de montrer que les dérivations successives de la fonction polynomiale et notre formule générale donnent les mêmes résultats
A chromosome-level, haplotype-phased Vanilla planifolia genome highlights the challenge of partial endoreplication for accurate whole-genome assembly
No full textInternational audienceVanilla planifolia, the species cultivated to produce one of the world’s most popular flavors, is highly prone to partial genome endoreplication, which leads to highly unbalanced DNA content in cells. We report here the first molecular evidence of partial endoreplication at the chromosome scale by the assembly and annotation of an accurate haplotype-phased genome of V. planifolia. Cytogenetic data demonstrated that the diploid genome size is 4.09 Gb, with 16 chromosome pairs, although aneuploid cells are frequently observed. Using PacBio HiFi and optical mapping, we assembled and phased a diploid genome of 3.4 Gb with a scaffold N50 of 1.2 Mb and 59 128 predicted protein-coding genes. The atypical k-mer frequencies and the uneven sequencing depth observed agreed with our expectation of unbalanced genome representation. Sixty-seven percent of the genes were scattered over only 30% of the genome, putatively linking gene-rich regions and the endoreplication phenomenon. By contrast, low-coverage regions (non-endoreplicated) were rich in repeated elements but also contained 33% of the annotated genes. Furthermore, this assembly showed distinct haplotype-specific sequencing depth variation patterns, suggesting complex molecular regulation of endoreplication along the chromosomes. This high-quality, anchored assembly represents 83% of the estimated V. planifolia genome. It provides a significant step toward the elucidation of this complex genome. To support post-genomics efforts, we developed the Vanilla Genome Hub, a user-friendly integrated web portal that enables centralized access to high-throughput genomic and other omics data and interoperable use of bioinformatics tools
PROMINENT DISCORD DISCOVERY WITH MATRIX PROFILE : APPLICATION TO CLIMATE DATA INSIGHTS
No full textInternational audienceThe definition and extraction of actionable anomalous discords, i.e. pattern outliers, is a challenging problem in data analysis. It raises the crucial issue of identifying criteria that would render a discord more insightful than another one. In this paper, we propose an approach to address this by introducing the concept of prominent discord. The core idea behind this new concept is to identify dependencies among discords of varying lengths. How can we identify a discord that would be prominent? We propose an ordering relation, that ranks discords and we seek a set of prominent discords with respect to this ordering. Our contributions are 1) a formal definition, ordering relation and methods to derive prominent discords based on Matrix Profile techniques, and 2) their evaluation over large contextual climate data, covering 110 years of monthly data. The approach is generic and its pertinence shown over historical climate data
Vécu de la maladie Covid-19 chez les patients infectés et isolés à domicile à La Réunion lors de la première vague de l'épidémie en 2020. Étude qualitative
No full textCOVID-19 is a potentially fatal respiratory infectious disease responsible for a global pandemic. COVID-19 can have serious consequences on the physical health of infected patients, but also on their mental health. The aim objective of the study was to explore the lived experiences of patients infected with COVID-19 and isolated at home in Reunion Island in 2020.It was a qualitative study with semi-conducted individuals interviews in patients who were infected with a non-severe form of Covid-19 and isolated at home. The data analysis was made with a phenomenological approach. Ten patients were interviewed in September and October 2020.Patients experienced negative emotions : fear, sadness, surprise, shame, anger and positive emotions: joy and confidence. There were three main determinants of experience : the disease (pathology), the environment and the patient himself. The patients expressed their suffering from the potential aggravation of the disease, its lack of knowledge, loneliness due to isolation, painful symptoms and stigmatization. Moreover, they were reassured by the mild symptoms of the disease, their relatives and their primary care physician, and were satisfied with the isolation at home. Some showed great resilience and optimism, which helped them to cope with this life event.This study demonstrated that non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Reunion Island underwent complex experience, both positive and negative at the initial stage of the pandemic. A mental and physical suffering can be found, it must be sought and managed by health care professionals, especially the primary care physician, to safeguard patients' wellbeing.La Covid-19 est une maladie infectieuse respiratoire potentiellement mortelle responsable d'une pandémie mondiale. La Covid-19 peut avoir des conséquences graves sur la santé physique des patients infectés, mais aussi sur la santé mentale. L'objectif principal de l'étude était d'explorer le vécu des patients infectés par la Covid-19 et isolés à domicile à La Réunion en 2020.Il s'agissait d'une étude qualitative par entretiens individuels semi-dirigés chez des patients ayant été infectés par une forme non grave de Covid-19 et isolés à domicile. L'analyse des données s'est faite par une approche phénoménologique. Dix patients ont été interviewés en septembre et octobre 2020.Les patients ont ressenti des émotions négatives : la peur, la tristesse, la surprise, la honte, la colère et des émotions positives : la joie et la confiance. Il existait trois grands déterminants du vécu : la maladie (la pathologie), l'environnement et le patient-lui-même. Les patients ont exprimé leur souffrance face à la potentielle aggravation de la maladie, sa méconnaissance, la solitude liée à l'isolement, les symptômes douloureux et la stigmatisation. En outre, ils ont été rassurés par les symptômes légers de la maladie, leurs proches et leur médecin traitant et ils ont été satisfaits de l'isolement à domicile. Certains ont fait preuve d'une grande résilience et d'optimisme, ce qui les a aider à affronter cet évènement de vie.Cette étude a démontré que les patients atteints de la Covid-19 ont vécu une expérience complexe, à la fois positive et négative au stade initial de la pandémie. Une souffrance physique et mentale a pu être retrouvée, elle doit être recherchée et prise en charge
Using facial infrared thermography to infer avian body temperatures in the wild
No full textInternational audienc
Defining Local Chemical Conditions in Magnetosomes of Magnetotactic Bacteria
No full textInternational audienceDefining chemical properties of intracellular organelles is necessary to determine their function(s) as well as understand and mimic the reactions they host. However, the small size of bacterial and archaeal microorganisms often prevents defining local intracellular chemical conditions in a similar way to what has been established for eukaryotic organelles. This work proposes to use magnetite (Fe3O4) nanocrystals contained in magnetosome organelles of magnetotactic bacteria as reporters of elemental composition, pH, and redox potential of a hypothetical environment at the site of formation of intracellular magnetite. This methodology requires combining recent single-cell mass spectrometry measurements together with elemental composition of magnetite in trace and minor elements. It enables a quantitative characterization of chemical disequilibria of 30 chemical elements between the intracellular and external media of magnetotactic bacteria, revealing strong transfers of elements with active influx or efflux processes that translate into elemental accumulation (Mo, Se, and Sn) or depletion (Sr and Bi) in the bacterial internal medium of up to seven orders of magnitude relative to the extracellular medium. Using this concept, we show that chemical conditions in magnetosomes are compatible with a pH of 7.5–9.5 and a redox potential of −0.25 to −0.6 V