International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology (IJARIT)
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Assessment of the inhibitory effect of two local plants on the emergence of four weeds and identification of their secondary metabolites: Case of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R.Br.ex G.Don. and Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers.
Full text linkIn Burkina Faso, Senna occidentalis, Ipomoea eriocarpa, Pupalia lappacea and Triumfetta cordifolia are frequent weeds in the maize crop. This work evaluated the inhibitory effect of Parkia biglobosa pods and Tephrosia purpurea leaves and identifies their chemical compounds. Biological and chemical approaches were used to identify the weeds. The inhibitory effect of powders was evaluated on weed germination and growth. Experimental results showed that powders reduced both germination (p<0.001) and growth (p<0.016). Parkia biglobosa pods were rich in total flavonoids (544.2±1.4 µg mg-1) and condensed tannins (182.3±1.5 µg mg-1) than Tephrosia purpurea leaves which contained small amounts of total flavonoids (6.7±1.7 µg mg-1) and condensed tannins (5.7±1.2 µg mg-1). Parkia biglobosa pods could be used in the biological control of weeds.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(2): 74-81, December 202
Production system of indigenous goat population reared in pastoral and agro-pastoral districts of South Omo, Ethiopia
Full text linkThe study was carried out to document the production system of indigenous Woyto-Guji goats and the major limitations to goat production reared in two districts (Nyangatom and Maale) of South Omo, Ethiopia. Stepwise purposive followed by a random sampling method was used to select respondents. Based on the result, the households in Nyangatom district preferred to rear cattle, goats and sheep and less number of poultry when compared to those residing in the Maale district. The purpose of keeping goats in the district was primarily for tangible and intangible benefits. They are raised for their milk, meat, and blood as a source of wealth creation and insurance against emergencies. The results also indicated that the respondents in Maale district provide feed supplements. Communal grazing is prevalent in Nyangatom district, while in the Maale district, they interchangeably used both communal and private grazing lands; this all depended on the carrying capacity of the grazing land. Natural grazing and browsing the bush was the common form of feeding in both the study areas, while crop residues too were provided in Maale district. The sources of water varied across the study areas, the respondents in Nyangatom district relied solely on river Omo, ‘Omo shesh’ and ‘kure shesh’. While the flocks in Maale district were provided with water in the nearby streams besides the river water. The frequency of delivering water in the districts showed that every alternate day at Nyangatom and daily in the Maale district. The major limitation towards goat production in Nyangatom district was the unavailability of feed mainly in the dry season, followed by incidences of diseases; while some also indicated the problems associated with erratic and decrease in rainfall, thefts of the livestock were the identified problems. In Maale district, disease prevalence was major problem in the area as well as feed shortages followed by shrinkage of grazing lands, predators and lack of herders to take the animals for grazing. The current result on the production and farming system of goats and the major problems associated with goat production in the district helps to design different intervention options for the district.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 13(1): 51-59, June 202
Correlation and path analysis in black and brown seeded soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotypes at Melko and Modio, South-Western Ethiopia
Full text linkSixty-four soybean genotypes were evaluated to study the association among yield and related traits and determine the directions of association. The field experiment was conducted during the main cropping season in 2019 at Jimma and Bonga Southwestern Ethiopia. The experiment was laid with a simple lattice design with two replications. Data were collected on quantitative traits. Analysis of variance showed significant to highly significant differences among genotypes for all of the studied traits. Correlation analysis exhibited that grain yield was positively and significantly associated with harvest index and the number of pods per plant. Harvest index exerted the maximum positive direct effect on grain yield, followed by pod per plant, seed yield per plant at a genotypic level, and these traits could be used for selection to improve grain yield in soybean.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 13(1): 67-71, June 202
Determinants of avocado commercialization among smallholder farmers in Shebediono Woreda, Sidama Zone SNNPRS of Ethiopia
Full text linkThis study describes the characteristics of household market participation in avocado production. It investigates the approach required to overcome determinants of market participation among smallholders of avocado farmers in Shebedino woreda, SNNPRS, Ethiopia. The primary sources of the data are farm household surveys, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. Two hundred twenty-eight households were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The data obtained were evaluated using Double-hurdle econometric models. The results of the binary probit model revealed that in the decision to sell, land size, family size, distance from the nearest market center, market information, access to media, and the total amount of avocado produced played a significant role. The truncated regression model indicated that the age of the household head, family size, market information and the total amount of avocado produced significantly affected the level of commercialization. The result showed that enhancing the efficient utilization of the existing limited farmland, family size, access to market information, and the total amount of avocado produced had a higher value and was seen as a critical opportunity to improve the lower-income farm households. As a result, better market information, family planning, and new technology like improved verity are required to increase demand for avocado produce and income generation. Concerned bodies need to establish a market center for the farmers around their home, increasing the probability of avocado market participation. The findings of this study may help in the development of appropriate policy intervention mechanisms to promote smallholder avocado commercialization in Sidama Zone.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 13(1): 89-95, June 202
Effects of coffee husk and cocoa pods biochar on the chemical properties of an acid soil from West Cameroon
No full textInternational audienceEvaluation of liming and fertility properties of biochar on acid soil was studied in this work. Selected soil properties such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), exchangeable acidity (Ex Ac), exchangeable Al (Ex Al), exchangeable Fe (Ex Fe), available P and, soil organic carbon (SOC) were examined under the effect of biochar amendments. The acid soil was treated with biochar issued from coffee husk (CH) and cocoa pods (CP) pyrolyzed at 350°C and 550°C for 4 hours at amendment rate of 0, 20, 40 and 80 g kg−1 and an incubation time of 7, 14, 30, 40 and 60 d. Biochar amendments significantly increased soil pH, soil EC with respect to control and decrease in exchangeable acidity was observed. Results show that biochar improved available P in acid soil, though re-adsorption occurred with increasing incubation time. A significant increase in SOC is observed as compared to control. The impact of biochar on these acid soil chemical properties is due to the properties which are dependent on the biochar type and pyrolysis temperature. Thus, biochar can play the dual role of a liming agent and a source of P fertilizer nutrients
Management of foot rot (Phytophthora capsici) disease of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) through fungicides and cultural practices in Southwestern Ethiopia
Full text linkThe pathogen Phytophthora capsici, which causes black pepper foot rot, is the most detrimental disease that affects black pepper productivity and lowers qualitative and quantitative spike yields in southwest Ethiopia. The effectiveness of several fungicides and cultural methods against Phytophthora capsici in black pepper was tested in a field experiment. Five commercial fungicides and cultural practices were examined, and a natural Phytophthora capsici infection was noted. Disease incidence was determined by visually observing leaf blight, spike infection, leaf shedding, and vine yellowing. The most effective fungicide, with a disease incidence of 14.3%, was Koka blue 50 WG (Copper oxychloride) spraying when combined with cultural approaches. More 720 WP (Mancozeb + Cymoxanil), a combination of cultural practices and 19.1% disease incidence, came next. Agro-laxyl 63.5 WP (Metalaxyl + Mancozeb) and Progress 250 EC (Propiconazole 25%) combined with cultural practices were also effective against Phytophthora infection and found better than only cultural practices applied plot and control.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 13(1): 48-50, June 202
Correlation and path coefficient analyses of tuber yield and yield components among potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) genotypes at Bekoji, Southeastern Ethiopia
Full text linkThe aim of the experiment was to determine the correlations between tuber yield and yield components and to measure the direct and indirect effects of yield components on tuber yield of potato genotypes. The experiment was conducted using eleven potato genotypes with one standard check variety (Belete) and a local check at Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Bekoji sub-station during 2020-2021. Data were collected for tuber yield, tuber dry matter content (%), plant height (cm), stem number, specific gravity, and phenological parameters. Since the two seasons had heterogeneous error variance, analysis was carried out separately. In 2020, correlation analysis indicated that the tuber yield was positively and significantly associated with stem height (0.608), marketable tuber (0.997) and positively associated with tuber dry matter content, stem number per plant, days to maturity, while it was negatively correlated with specific gravity, days to emergence and days to flowering at the genotypic level. Total tuber yield was positively and significantly correlated with days to maturity (0.640), stem height (0.791), marketable tuber (0.977) and stem number at the genotypic level. While specific gravity was positively and significantly correlated at the phenotypic level; and negatively at the genotypic level in the second season. Results of path analyses indicated that marketable tubers had the highest positive direct effect (+1.059) on total tuber yield followed by days to flowering (+0.057) and specific gravity (+0.026) in 2020 while marketable tuber (0.7107), stem height (0.2842), tuber dry matter content (0.0078), days to maturity (0.1250) had also positive direct effect in 2021. In addition, most of the indirect effects of yield components on tuber yield were significant and positive. Significant effects of marketable tuber, tuber dry matter content, days to maturity and stem height on total tuber yield, indicated that they could be used as the criteria for potato improvement and breeding programs.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(2): 144-154, December 202
Causes of farmers’ aversion to organic vegetable production in Shyamnagar and Kaligonj Upazilla of Bangladesh
Full text linkAgriculture is an ongoing changing field where farmers constantly change production technology by adopting different updated modern practices. The study explores the motivating factors influencing farmers to switch to synthetic pesticides dependent on farming from organic farming methods. The main factors are the lower price of organic vegetables, pesticide availability, social responsibility and economic considerations. The most challenging AEZ -13 coastal Satkhira has been taken for this study. The result shows that farmers who choose to switch give high importance to the production cost, price of organic vegetables, supply of bio-product, and availability of organic products than the moral, economic and social concerns.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 13(1): 25-30, June 202
Registration of newly released fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) variety Arganne for mid altitude of Bale, South Eastern Ethiopia
Full text linkArganne with the accession name Acc. 202209sno3-5) is a fenugreek variety released by Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Sinana Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia in 2021. The trial was conducted at Sinana Agricultural Research Centre from observation nursery to preliminary yield trial and promising fenugreek genotypes were selected from yield trial based on seed yield and reaction to diseases, especially powdery mildew. These promising genotypes were evaluated against standard check Hunda’ol and Ebisa across three locations for three consecutive years (2017 to 2019). Arganne showed superior yielding ability, producing a mean seed yield of 17-26 Qt ha-1 on the research field and 15-21 Qt ha-1 on the farmers’ field. The seed yield of the new variety exceeded that of the standard check Hunda’ol and Ebisa varieties by about 12.00% and 11.23%, respectively.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(2): 53-55, December 202
Cured characteristics of non-nitrite-ham produced with Ocimum gratissimum as additive
Full text linkCured meats are desirable to consumers across the world. Unfortunately, the use of nitrite to obtain cured characteristics has health implications for consumers. Three (3) kg each of ham were produced and labeled as H0, H1, H2, H3 and H4, respectively. H0 represented traditional ham produced with nitrite-curing salt and H4 contained common salt alone. H1, H2 and H3 were produced with 15.0 mg kg-1, 30.0 mg kg-1 and 60.0 mg kg-1 Ocimum gratissimum leaf extract as an additive with common salt. Proximate composition, pH, water activity and residual nitrite levels in treatments as well as color profiles were studied. The percentage contents of moisture, fat, protein and ash ranged from 40.02 (H3) to 41.20 (H4), 2.05 (H0) to 2.61 (H2), 19.37 (H4) to 20.83 (H3) and 2.27 (H4) to 2.69 (H2), respectively. Residual nitrite levels reduced significantly (P<0.05) with increased use of OG as an additive in ham production. Lightness, redness and yellowness characteristics of OG-common-salt-cured ham were not significantly different (P>0.05) from nitrite-cured ham, but redness of common-salt cured ham was significantly lower (P>0.05) compared to 60.0 mg kg-1 Ocimum gratissimum-common-salt-cured and conventionally cured types of ham. It was concluded that Ocimum gratissimum leaf extract as an additive can potentially influence the development of desirable characteristics in ham.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(2): 60-63, December 202