International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology (IJARIT)
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Response of midland sorghum varieties to different intra-row spacing at kaffa zone south western Ethiopia
Full text linkThe experiment was conducted to determine optimum plant spacing and suitable variety and as well as to identify the interaction effect of varieties and Intra-row spacing on the yield of sorghum. The experiment having a factorial arrangement of three varieties (Geremew, Lalo and farmer’s local variety) and three intra-row levels (10 cm, 15 cm and 20 cm) was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. According to the current results, varieties were significantly (p<0.05) affected by all the parameters (days to maturity, plant height, panicle length, thousand seed weight and total grain yield) except stand count. The maximum days to maturity and total grain yield (205.2 days and 5628.1 kg ha-1 respectively) were obtained from Lalo. The highest thousand seed weight (23.1 g) was recorded from Geremew and at it takes a short period for maturity (119.5 days). Similarly, intra-row spacing significantly (p<0.05) affected the panicle length and stand count. The highest panicle length (28.15 cm) was recorded in 15 cm intra-row spaced plants. The maximum stand count (78.6 % and 83.6%) was obtained from 15 cm and 20 cm spaced plants respectively. Generally, the outcome of this study revealed that even though the yield was statistically non-significant to intra-raw spacing, at 15cm and 20cm the grain yield was a maximum of 4178.5 kg ha-1 and 4190.9 kg ha-1, respectively. Therefore, among the intra-row spacing 20 cm intra-row spacing for its minimized planting materials (seed) and easy management and among the varieties, Lalo could be promoted in study areas and similar agro-ecologies.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(2): 138-143, December 202
Evaluation of irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties under irrigation condition at Dasenech Distinct, South Omo Zone
Full text linkRice crop is essential in a country. Still, the production and productivity are low due to uncovering a suitable area for rice production and the shortage of improved and unedited well-adapted variety. To solve this problem, the study was conducted in Dasenech district during (2020/21 and 2021/22) cropping seasons to select well-adapted varieties. The study contains 6 varieties (Gode, Shebele, Chewaqa, Kallafo, Nerica-15, and Pawe-2). For this study used a randomized complete block design with three replications. Yield and other trait data were collected and subjected to analysis of variance. The result of the analysis of variance showed that all parameters were significantly affected among tested rice varieties. The Pawe-2 variety gave the highest grain production (6284.7 kg ha-1) among the tested varieties. Based on the study result, it can be suggested that variety Pawe-2 perform well and is suitable for agro-pastoral in the Dasenech area under irrigation condition and its similar agro-ecology.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 13(1): 38-41, June 202
Comprehensive evaluation of heavy metals in surface water of the upper Banar River, Bangladesh
Full text linkThe main focus of the research was to examine the dispersion of elements and evaluate the possible ecological impact of heavy metals in the water of the Upper Banar River. To achieve this, water samples were obtained from ten different locations along the river, and the concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb, and As were analyzed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Results exhibited that the abundance of Cr, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb, and As in water varied from 1.10 to 3.20, 0.11 to 1.30, 1.30 to 13.50, 1.14 to 1.91, 0.39 to 0.75 and 1.44 to 2.56 µgL-1, respectively. Mean (±SD) concentrations of considered metals declined with the following downward direction: Cu (5.07±4.11) > As (1.94±1.15) > Cr (1.81±0.63) > Cd (1.42±0.23) Pb (0.55±0.12) > Ni (0.54±0.41), indicated that concentrations were reasonably assorted throughout the observed region. Moreover, the Upper Banar River water was contaminated with heavy metals, but the pollution level was not significant based on HPI analysis. Based on the computed HEI values, water quality is deemed low hazard and lower degrees of contamination. Overall, the river\u27s water was still in good condition and had low levels of contamination, as per PI and CD ratings. Upper Banar River water\u27s computed ERI ranged from 7.24 to 12.16, which showed a low-risk level. The study concluded that the Upper Banar River experienced some metallic pollution because of anthropogenic disturbances. Thus, responsible authorities should immediately implement appropriate management strategies and conduct routine water quality monitoring.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 13(1): 110-122, June 202
Coastal Zone Changes in West Africa: Challenges and Opportunities for Satellite Earth Observations
No full textInternational audienceThe West African coastal population and ecosystems are increasingly exposed to a multitude of hazards. These are likely to be exacerbated by global climate change and direct impacts from local human activities. Our ability to understand coastal changes has been limited by an incomplete understanding of the processes and the difficulty of obtaining detailed data. Recent advances in satellite techniques have made it possible to obtain rich coastal data sets that provide a solid foundation for improving climate change adaptation strategies for humanity and increasing the resilience of ecosystems for sustainable development. In this article, we review West African coastal layout and current socio-environmental challenges together with key parameters that can be monitored and several coastal management programs that rely on satellite techniques to monitor indicators at the regional level. The social, technical and scientific problems and difficulties that hinder the interest of coastal practitioners and decision-makers to use the satellite data are identified. We provide a roadmap to precisely respond to these difficulties and on how an improved satellite earth observation strategy can better support future coastal zone management in West Africa
Progress of seabass, Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1970) culture in Bangladesh: Field-level updates from the Bhola and Satkhira Districts
Full text linkSince the high market value of seabass, Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1970), mainly found in Bangladesh\u27s coastal waters and tidal rivers of Bangladesh, farmers in those areas cultivate it alongside carp fish in ponds and shrimp farms. Even though farming began many years ago, progress in overcoming obstacles of only natural sources for hatchlings, supplemental feeding, and knowledge on advanced farming management in seabass farming at the field level has been prolonged. This study discusses the current farming and trading of seabass in Bangladesh\u27s coastal districts. Seabass fry is collected from rivers and estuarine areas, grown in hatcheries or ponds, and sold to farmers in large sizes. Some farmers cultivate this fry in mixed fish culture ponds in the extensive method; some farmers cultivate them with carp fish in a semi-intensive method. Seabass feeds only live feed (Tilapia and carp fishes fry); continuous supply is difficult and expensive. In these ponds, seabass is cultivated in the traditional method in 18–20 months, weighing 7-8 kg, and in the advanced traditional method in 1 year, weighing 2-3 kg. The profit percentage of seabass farming with the semi-intensive method is 77.42%. To expand this profitable fish farming, it is crucial to acclimate the fish to induced breeding and supplemental food. The institutions involved should not work in isolation but rather collaborate on developing induced breeding techniques and expanding seabass farming. In this case, prosperous seabass farming countries\u27 experience can be applied.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(2): 117-125, December 202
Stability of finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) yield using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analysis
Full text linkIn Ethiopia\u27s mid and lowlands, where rainfall is erratic, finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) is an important cereal crop. Finger millet yield is low partly due to variety instability and low yield potential. Field experiments were conducted in Boricha, Dore Bafano and Halaba districts of Southern region, Ethiopia, in 2018 and 2019, during the main cropping season from early May to October, to identify finger millet genotypes with high yield and wide adaptation. Eleven finger millet genotypes (ten improved and one local check) were grown in a randomized complete block design with four replications. AMMI analysis generated four principal components (PCs) with PC1 and PC2 being statistically significant (p<0.01). PC1, PC2, PC3, and PC4 contributed 49.85, 32.78, 9.27, and 7.22% of the variation in the GE interaction, respectively. E1 (Boricha2018), E2 (Boricha2019), E3 (Dore Bafano2018), E4 (Dore Bafano2019), E5 (Halaba2018), and E6 (Halaba2019) had a mean yield of 2.77, 3.47, 4.39, 4.26, 3.73, and 3.03 tons ha-1, respectively. Mean yield ranged from 3.03 (genotype Bareda) to 4.42 tons ha-1 (Kako-01). AMMI stability value ranged from 0.23 (genotype Bako-09) to 1.55 (Boneya), and yield stability index ranged from 3 (genotype Bako-09) to 19 (Bareda). AMMI1 and AMMI2 biplots explained 87.28% and 82.63% of the treatment sum of squares, respectively. In the present study, because of its high yield (4.27 tons ha-1) and stability across test environments, genotype Bako-09 would be recommended for widespread cultivation.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 13(1): 60-66, June 202
Réseaux socionumériques et Covid-19 au Cameroun : constructions des imaginaires et circulation des « savoirs » locaux endogènes comme alternative à la pandémie
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On-farm performance evaluation of Maale goats under agro-pastoral management in Southwest Ethiopia
Full text linkThis study was conducted in Maale district Southwest Ethiopia with the objective of evaluating the productive and reproductive performance of Maale goats under agro-pastoral management conditions. Thirty households that have flocks numbers of more than ten were purposely selected and monitored from July 2018 to July 2019. Growth data of birth weight, three month, six month, nine month and yearly weight; birth type and parity were collected. The data were analyzed using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure of SPSS (21). The overall mean birth weight of the kids was 2.57±0.05 kg (males 2.68±0.07 and females 2.47±0.07 kg). The weaning and six months weight of kids was significantly different (p<0.05) between sexes of kids with 7.66±0.25 and 6.90±0.23 kg for male and female kids, respectively. The average body weight of males and females for six months; nine months and yearly were 11.57±0.30, 10.42±0.28; 15.42±0.27, 14.69±0.25 and 19.03±0.28, 18.43±0.25 kg, respectively. The birth type showed a significant (p<0.05) difference in birth weight. The result further indicated that the weaning weight of single and twin kids was highly significant (p< 0.001) and recorded as 7.66±0.25 and 6.90±0.23 kg, respectively. The overall pre-weaning average daily gain was 51.64±1.89 g day-1 (54.47±2.81 male and 48.93±2.53 g day-1 female). The birth type was significantly (p=0.01) different in pre-weaning growth rate and recorded 57.24±1.63 and 45.24±3.59 g day-1 for single and twin kids, respectively. Twins had higher post-weaning average daily gain than single and recorded as 43.61±1.48 and 40.76 ±0.70 g day-1, respectively. It was concluded that, along with other management interventions, the reproduction and growth performance of Maale goats is reasonably good and suited for community-based breeding strategies and higher performance could be expected.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(2): 7-13, December 202
Crop production amid climate change and river water level fluctuation at northeastern region of Bangladesh: A time series analysis
Full text linkThe overall goal of this study was to examine the effects of climate change on the yield of four distinct crops (Aus, Aman, Boro and Wheat) in Sylhet by using secondary climate data from 1970 to 2020. The study\u27s other goal is to assess the impact of river water levels on crop productivity in Sylhet over time. Data on crop productivity, weather variability and river water levels were gathered from the various fields. Yield vs. climatic correlation was discovered in the study, and this correlation varied according to season. To estimate the impact of climate change on rice yield, a multiple regression model is used. Climate variables in the model were found to account for 11% of the overall variation in Aus rice yield. The relationship between relative humidity and maximum temperature is positive and statistically significant. Other variables had no effect on yield because they were not significant. Furthermore, Regression results indicated that climate variables account for 60.6 percent of the overall variation in Aman rice output. Relative humidity, on the other hand, can undermine the yield. Climate variables account for 53.5 percent of the overall variation in Boro rice output, according to the findings. As a result, an increase in rainfall may have a negative impact on Boro rice yield. Maximum and minimum temperatures might have a favorable impact on Boro rice yield. Increases in maximum temperature, on the other hand, can considerably boost Wheat yield while decreases in minimum temperature can diminish Wheat yield. On the other side, the results of the regression analysis suggest that river water level has a minor impact on Aus, Aman, and Boro yield. However, as the model demonstrates, the river water level can have an impact on wheat yield. The impact of temperature and rainfall on water level was also investigated in this study because the regression model failed to produce positive results. Surprisingly, the model performs well, despite the fact that maximum temperatures have a negative impact on water levels in the Aus and Aman seasons. This shows that if warmer temperatures aid raises Aus and Aman yields, then the water level cannot sabotage the yield rise. Rainfall has a favorable impact on the water levels in the Aus, Aman, and Boro seasons, but has a negative impact on the water levels in the Wheat season.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(2): 18-26, December 202
Combined application of compost and FYM with inorganic fertilizers for production of onion in debub ari district, Southwestern Ethiopia
Full text linkSoil fertility depletion is a serious problem in Ethiopian highland due to leaching of topsoil by runoff, which reduces production and productivity. This experiment conducted in Debub Ari district for two years with the aim of investigating single and combined effect of compost and FYM with inorganic fertilizer on soil fertility improvement and onion crop production. The treatment includes T1) Control, T2) Recommended NP (69/30), T3) NPSZnB (120N, 92P2O5, 20.06S, 5.89Zn, 0.66B) kg ha-1 (264 kg NPSZnB + 161 kg urea), T4) 10 t ha-1 FYM, T5) 10 t ha-1 compost, T6) 5 tha-1 FYM + 50% of treatment-3 and T7) 5 t ha-1 compost + 50% of treatment-3. Treatments are arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. Soil before the experiment showed moderately acidic, moderate in organic matter and boron, low in sulfur high in available P and total nitrogen. The results showed significant differences among the treatments on onion plant height, bulb diameter, marketable and biological yield. The highest total yield 19.99 t ha-1, 19.59 t ha-1 and 19.25 t ha-1 was recorded from NPSZnB (120N, 92P2O5, 20.06S, 5.89Zn, 0.66B) kg ha-1, 5 t ha-1 compost + 50% of T-3 and 5 t ha-1 FYM + 50% of T-3 respectively and that increase yield by 39%, 35% and 33% over the control. Soils after the experiment become medium in sulfur remain static in available boron and total nitrogen. Economic feasibility that the maximum net benefit of 246059 and 242442 ETB ha-1 with acceptable %MRR of 290 and 1300 was obtained with the application of NPSZnB (120N, 92P2O5, 20.06S, 5.89Zn, 0.66B) kg ha-1 and 5 t ha-1 FYM + 50% of T-3, respectively. Therefore, the application of those two treatments is recommended for higher yield production in the study area.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(2): 41-45, December 202