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The importance of elective ovariohysterectomy and progesterone level in African pygmy hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris)
No full textAs the number of African pygmy hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris) that suffer from neoplasia grows, so does the need to broaden the knowledge of this species pathology, as well as prevention, diagnostics and treatment options. Uterine tumors are one of the most commonly diagnosed neoplastic changes in these animals, but no recommen- dations regarding elective ovariohysterectomy have been set. This study aims to examine the possible connection between progesterone level and the presence of neoplastic changes to the female reproductive tract. In this study, females (n=142) were subjected to general and ultrasonographic examination, blood was collected to determine progesterone levels (n=18), and complete ovariohysterectomy was performed (n=18). Following the removal, the reproductive organs were examined pathohistologically. Ultrasonographic changes were observed in 30% of exam- ined individuals. Histopathologically cystic endometrial hyperplasia was present in 33.33% of the examined tissues, endometrial mixed tumors in 22.22%, as well as endometrial stromal sarcoma, endometrial stromal nodules in 5.55% and in 16.6% of tissues no alterations were identified. The progesterone levels ranged from as low as 0.1 ng/mL to
22.83 ng/mL, regardless of the presence of uterine changes. On the basis of the results of this study, as well as the literature review, elective ovariohysterectomy should be performed in African pygmy hedgehogs as a preventative measure. Moreover, progesterone levels cannot be used for diagnostic purposes
Male fertility impairment associated with Babesia gibsoni infection in dogs
No full textRecent findings indicate a link between Babesia canis infection and acquired infertility in male dogs, prompting further investigation into how Babesia gibsoni affects male reproductive health. Blood samples of 100 male dogs suspected of having babesiosis were collected for PCR, hematological, biochemical, and serological analyses to verify B. gibsoni infection and assess possible co-infections with Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia canis, Leishmania infantum, and Mycoplasma spp. Out of the 37 B. gibsoni-positive dogs, semen samples were collected and analyzed before treatment and six months later from six American Staffordshire Terriers (ASTs), and compared to eight sexually mature, reproductively healthy dogs. At initial examination, Babesia spp. was detected in the semen of one dog, while two others tested positive six months posttreatment. Sperm analysis revealed no changes in sperm concentration between initial presentation and six months posttreatment. However, significantly lower percentages of progressively motile spermatozoa (PMOT, median range 26.5%) were observed alongside decreased velocity (VCL – curvilinear velocity, median range 51μm/s; VSL – straight-line velocity, median range 23μm/s; VAP – average path velocity, median range 27μm/s) and viability parameters (Dead, median range, 53.5%; Total defects median range, 37%) compared to healthy dogs (PMOT median range 80.5%; VCL median range 131μm/s; VSL median range 67μm/s; VAP median range 78μm/s; Dead, median range, 6.5%; Total defects, median range, 19.5%). The presence of Babesia spp. in semen may adversely affect sperm quality, causing acquired male sterility even six months posttreatment. Further research is essential to improve prevention efforts, resolve legal concerns about parasite transmission through semen, and enhance treatment strategies and reproductive results
The most important helminths infection of pigs in extensive breeding
No full textParasitic infections are constant companions of pig production, regardless of the method of
breeding. They are equally found in farm and extensive rearing in all production and age categories
of animals. Extensive pig breeding has a long tradition. Although this kind of behavior provides pigs
with a much more comfortable life than farming (after all, organic production was developed on its
principle), it also has many negative consequences for their health. Pigs are exposed to the risk of
outbreaks of infectious and parasitic diseases that can cause large losses in production. Extensive and
semi-extensive breeding means that pigs have direct contact with a multitude of transitional hosts of
parasites, they are in contact with wild swine, and there is also frequent contamination of the area
where they are discharged with the excrement of wild animals. Parasitic infections, along with other infectious diseases, are extremely common in this way of breeding. Infection is most often with
biohelminths (Metastrongylus sp, causative agents of verminous gastritis, Macracanthorhynchus
hirudinaceus) and zoonotic parasites to which pigs are transitional (Trichinella spiralis, Taenia
solium, Ascaris ssum) or parent hosts (Alaria alata). There are also species that are equally present in
extensive and farm farming, such as e.g. Trichuris suis, Oesophagostomum sp. or Strongyloideus
ransomi
Organic trace minerals as an innovative nutritional solution for advancement of production performance and intestinal microbiota in piglets
No full textAfter weaning, piglets are usually stressed by nutritional, psychological, environmental,
physiological and social factors. During this period, piglets must rapidly adapt to a change in
the type of feed they consume, from liquid sow’s milk, which is easily digestible, tasty and
evenly distributed throughout the day, to solid dry feed, which is less digestible and tasty.
As a consequence, feed consumption usually decreases in the first days after weaning with
bad influence on composition on intestinal microbiota. Nutrient additives belong to the basic
group of feed additives, and the main aims in using them are to increase the overall nutritional
value of feed and to ensure the safety of food of animal nutrition through feed. Due to
the reduced usability, potential toxicity and negative impact on the environment of inorganic
forms of trace elements, the attention of the scientific public in recent years has been focused
on finding forms of minerals that will neutralize the potential harmful effects of use and at
the same time ensure better mineral usability and economy in livestock production. The
Department of Animal Nutrition and Botany, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of
Belgrade, organised a trial that aimed to test the effects of using organic trace elements in
the diet on the health status, production performance measures and intestinal microbiota of
the piglets. The use of new forms of trace elements showed a beneficial effect on piglet gut
health, and consequently, on the yield of meat
Hygiene indicators in a milk processing plant – a review
No full textThis review paper focuses on the current microbiological parameters employed to evaluate
the hygiene of raw milk and dairy products within processing plants. Key indicators of
raw milk hygiene and overall quality include the total bacterial count (TBC) and somatic
cell count (SCC). As the primary raw material in dairies for producing drinking milk and
various dairy products, milk offers an ideal environment for the proliferation and spread of
numerous microorganisms. In the dairy industry worldwide, contamination after pasteurization
is commonly detected using indicator groups such as coliform bacteria, enterobacteria,
total gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas, and gram-positive spore-forming bacteria.
Enterobacteriaceae serve as hygiene indicators because they encompass a broad range of
bacteria, including harmful species like Salmonella and Klebsiella pneumoniae. However,
the standard coliform test depends on lactose fermentation, and since not all harmful enterobacteria—
such as Salmonella, Shigella, or Yersinia—can ferment lactose, they may go
undetected. Contamination of final dairy products can cause outbreaks of foodborne illnesses
and incur additional expenses due to product recalls. Therefore, it is advisable to monitor
hygiene indicators throughout milk production and processing to evaluate the effectiveness
of the production process and decrease the necessity for repeated testing of final products
Anatomical and morphometrical approaches on the auditory ossicles in European ground squirrel (Spermophilus citellus)
No full textIntroduction: The study of the middle ear and especially the ossicular chain in
different species can bring interesting insights into the biomechanics of hearing.
The ground squirrel’s middle ear anatomy has not been studied as thoroughly as
its other systems and organs.
Methods: Our study describes the ear ossicles in this little-studied species,
providing the morphological and morphometrical characteristics and a series of
comparative data, in an attempt to characterise also some functional anatomy
of the incus, malleus and stapes.
Results and discussion: The malleus comprises the typical morphological
elements, having a round, tuberous head and a very short neck with no bony
processes. The manubrium is almost perpendicular to the rotational axis of the
ossicle and presents, on its medial surface, the bony process for the insertion of
the tensor tympani muscle. Incus is very short and has a deeply incised articular
surface for malleus. The lenticular process was identified at the distal part of
the long process. The stapes is the smallest ossicle, sheltered in a cavity of the
mesotympanic area. It has a very short head, and the stapedial tendon marks its
insertion on a visible bony process. An evident surrounding bony ridge marks the
elliptic footplate. A comparison of the data related to lever ratio and stapedial
surface is also provided based on the collected metrical data
Sperm motility parameters in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA)
No full textThe common carp (Cyprinus carpio), a cyprinid species native to Eurasia, has been introduced worldwide for food production, aquaculture, and recreational fishing, often becoming a dominant species in various freshwater ecosystems. It is the third most widely cultivated and commercially significant freshwater fish species globally (FAO 2013), with approximately 99.9% of the surface area of all fish farms in Serbia dedicated to carp farming. Sperm motility directly affects reproductive success and the sustainability of fish populations. Aquaculture, with its long and rich history, plays a crucial role in human nutrition and food security, contributing significantly to economic development. In studies of male fertility, the most common indicators of sperm quality are the computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) parameters of sperm movement. In this study, ejaculate was collected from 10 individuals, in May, by abdominal massage from tanks at the Centre for Fisheries and Applied Hydrobiology “Mali Dunav”, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, in sterile 15 ml plastic bottles. The body length of the analysed specimens ranged from 48 to 64 cm, while their weight ranged from 2.1 to 4.5 kg. Sperm was stored at 4°C and transported to the laboratory, where activation was performed with water from the tanks. Spermatozoa motility was analyzed using CASA. The total number of sperm analyzed ranged from 253 to 6,363. Total sperm motility (%) among the analyzed specimens ranged from 55.79 to 84, while progressive motility (%) ranged from 53.30 to 83.65. These results indicate variability in motility parameters across individual specimens, with consistent values for total and progressive motility. Sperm motility parameters are the most important indicators for predicting the biological quality of male gametes and their effectiveness in fertilization trials. Tracking sperm motility parameters in fish is essential for understanding reproductive health, improving breeding success, and supporting the conservation and sustainable management of fish populations.Zbornik sažetak
Antibiotic resistance patterns of bacteria isolated from canine skin and ear infections in Serbia
No full textBackground: Canine skin and ear infections are common in small-animal practice and increasingly complicated by multidrug resistance (MDR), yet data from Serbia are limited. This study aimed to describe the bacterial etiology and antimicrobial resistance patterns in canine otitis externa and pyoderma. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed laboratory records from the Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade (January 2017–August 2024). A total of 422 non-invasive swabs from clinically ill dogs were included (ears: n = 210; skin: n = 212). Bacterial identification used conventional methods and commercial systems, and disk-diffusion susceptibility testing followed CLSI/EUCAST guidance. Methicillin resistance in staphylococci was assessed by cefoxitin/oxacillin screening; MRSA was confirmed by PCR and PBP2a detection. Resistance trends were compared between 2017–2020 and 2021–2024. Results: The leading pathogens were Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (ears 48.1%; skin 79.7%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ears 29.1%; skin 7.6%). Staphylococci showed high resistance to macrolides, clindamycin, tetracycline, and first-line β-lactams (amoxicillin–clavulanate, cephalexin), with the highest susceptibilities to amikacin, florfenicol, and rifampicin. P. aeruginosa remained most susceptible to amikacin, polymyxin B, and imipenem. Between the two periods, S. pseudintermedius resistance increased to amikacin, fusidic acid, and cephalexin, while resistance to florfenicol decreased. P. aeruginosa resistance to imipenem increased. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) was 27.4% (74/270). MDR S. pseudintermedius and MDR P. aeruginosa were identified in 38.5% and 53.3% of isolates, respectively. One isolate of each species was resistant to all tested drugs. Conclusions: These findings confirm high levels of antimicrobial resistance in major canine skin and ear pathogens and emphasize the need for susceptibility-based therapy, rational antimicrobial use, and ongoing surveillance in small-animal practice
Supplementary data for article: Ledina, T.; Đorđević, J.; Glišić, M.; Čobanović, N.; Kovandžić, M.; Bulajić, S. Technological and functional characteristics of lactic acid bacteria from traditional Serbian cheeses. Foods 2025, 14(1), 38. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14010038
No full textSupplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14010038]Related to published version: [https://vet-erinar.vet.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4458
Mikrobiološki status usitnjenog svinjskog i goveđeg mesa u toku monitoringa bezbednosti hrane za 2024. godinu
No full textMonitoring hrane životinjskog porekla predstavlja ključnu aktivnost u okviru sistema bezbednosti hrane, jer omogućava pravovremeno prepoznavanje rizika i sprečavanje njihovog prenosa na potrošače. Monitoring hrane životinjskog porekla podrazumeva plansko i sistematsko sprovođenje uzorkovanja i ispitivanja hrane životinjskog porekla, sakupljanje, obradu i ocenu dobijenih rezultata radi praćenja stepena usaglašenosti sa propisima kojima se uređuje bezbednost hrane životinjskog porekla. Poseban značaj monitoring ima kod usitnjenog mesa, s obzirom na to da je usled same tehnologije obrade (mlevenje, mešanje i povećana površina kontakta) ono podložnije mikrobiološkoj kontaminaciji u poređenju sa polutkama, četvrtima i blokovima upakovanog otkoštenog mesa. Samim tim, ispitivanje mikrobiološkog statusa ovih proizvoda predstavlja važan segment kontrole bezbednosti hrane i osiguravanja zaštite zdravlja potrošača. Cilj ove studije jeste prikaz mikrobiološkog statusa svinjskog i goveđeg usitnjenog mesa iz prometa, uzorkovanog tokom monitoringa hrane u 2024. godini. Ispitivanja su izvršena na Odeljenju za mikrobiološka i senzorska ispitivanja namirnica animalnog porekla, Naučnog instituta za veterinarstvo “Novi Sad”. Tokom monitoringa hrane u 2024. godini prikupljeno je 25 uzoraka svinjskog i 21 uzorak goveđeg usitnjenog mesa. Primenom standardnih mikrobioloških metoda odeređen je broj mikroorganizama (SRPS EN ISO 4833-1), broj Escherichia coli (SRPS ISO 16649-2), kao i detekcija Salmonella spp. (SRPS EN ISO 6579-1). Uzimajući u obzir granične vrednosti propisane Pravilnikom o utvrđivanju Programa monitoringa bezbednosti hrane životinjskog porekla za 2024. godinu, broj mikroorganizama (≤ 500.000 cfu/g) je bio nezadovoljavajući kod 68% uzoraka svinjskog usitnjenog mesa i 67% uzoraka goveđeg usitnjenog mesa, a broj Escherichia coli (≤ 50 cfu/g) kod 40% uzoraka svinjskog usitnjenog mesa i 43% goveđeg usitnjenog mesa. Rezultati ispitivanja su pokazali da Salmonella spp. nije bila izolovana iz svinjskog usitnjenog mesa, dok je iz goveđeg usitnjenog mesa bila izolovana iz jednog uzorka. Odsustvo patogene bakterije Salmonella spp. kod uzoraka svinjskog usitnjenog mesa može ukazivati na to da svinjsko usitnjeno meso potiče od svinja sa farmi sa malim rizikom za ove patogene bakterije, kao i da je održavanje higijene procesa proizvodnje adekvatan u proizvodnom pogonu. Prisustvo patogene bakterije Salmonella spp. u uzorku goveđeg usitnjenog mesa ukazuje na mogućnost da goveda potiču sa farmi velikog rizika ili da je patogen bio prisutan u proizvodnom pogonu. Rezultati broja mikroorganizama u usitnjenom mesu ukazuju na potrebu za unapređenjem sistema higijene kroz sve proizvodne faze u cilju redukcije broja mikroorganizama i dobijanja bezbednijeg finalnog proizvoda. Dobijeni rezultati imaju višestruki značaj. Sa jedne strane, odsustvo Salmonella spp. u svinjskom usitnjenom mesu ohrabruje i ukazuje na pozitivan efekat sprovedenih biosigurnosnih mera. Sa druge strane, visoki procenti uzoraka sa prekoračenim graničnim vrednostima za ukupan broj mikroorganizama i Escherichia coli jasno pokazuju da postoji prostor za unapređenje sistema higijene i kontrole u svim fazama lanca proizvodnje i distribucije. Takođe, izolacija Salmonella spp. iz goveđeg usitnjenog mesa potvrđuje da monitoring ostaje neophodan i da ga je potrebno kontinuirano unapređivati u cilju obezbeđivanja potpunije zaštite javnog zdravlja. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata iz svinjskog i goveđeg usitnjenog mesa tokom monitoringa hrane u 2024. godini možemo zaključiti da je potrebno povećati edukaciju proizvođača, sprovesti strožu kontrolu kritičnih tačaka u procesu proizvodnje i unapređivati biosigurnosne i higijenske mere, čime bi se obezbedila veća usaglašenost sa zakonskim propisima i viši nivo bezbednosti mesa koje dospeva do potrošača.Zbornik radova i kratkih sadržaj