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Decision support for the selection of table egg suppliers
No full textIn the paper, for the purpose of selecting a supplier of
table eggs in an agribusiness company, a multi-criteria
decision-making method was applied. Through expert
opinion, ten given criteria were evaluated using the fuzzy
variant of the Simple Weight Calculation (SiWeC) method,
and the selection itself was made using the COmpromise
Ranking from Alternative Solutions (CORASO) method.
The results show that the best rated criterion is „product
quality”, while the choice for the best supplier went to
the first supplier. The research confirms a successful and
systematic approach in the application of the used method,
as well as a literary contribution in the complex situation
of supplier selection. In future research, it is necessary
to expand the selection model in the analyzed area, as
well as to include a larger number of decision makers
and evaluation criteria. Also, it is necessary to continue
improving the existing research method
Obesity, urea and uric acid: Potential indicators of subclinical metabolic imbalance in donkeys
No full textObesity is a known precipitating factor in laminitis development; therefore, objective of the study was to investigate link between obesity, inflammation, and laminitis, through physical examination and serum biomarkers. Ten randomly chosen lactating jennies aged >4 years, fed hay and bran, were enrolled in the study. Laminitis grading scale was developed. Fasted blood samples were used for biochemical analysis. Laminitis was in strong positive correlation with body condition score (BCS) (P=0.008). Jennies with BCS≥7 had higher insulin than group with BCS<7 (P=0.044). Insulin showed positive correlation with glucose (P<0.001), cholesterol (P=0.008), and AST (P=0.023). Uric acid showed positive correlation with BCS (P=0.033) and urea (P=0.048). Urea exceeded reference range in eight, and globulins in all the jennies. In lactating, normoinsulinemic, normoglycemic jennies, over-conditioning is linked to laminitis. Increased globulins suggest subclinical chronic inflammation, while elevated urea and variable uric acid levels indicate the need for thorough evaluation of feeding management
Assessment of oxidative stress and DNA damage induced by endoscopy under general anesthesia in red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans)
No full textEndoscopy is an important diagnostic tool in reptile medicine, but
its use in turtles requires general anesthesia. Although different
anesthetic protocols are applied in practice, data on their risks and
side effects remain scarce. This study evaluated the effects of
endoscopy and three anesthetic protocols on oxidative stress
markers and DNA integrity in red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta
elegans). Thirty-six clinically healthy turtles (24 females, 12
males; 1.2–2.0 kg) were randomly assigned to six groups (n = 6).
Each protocol was applied to two groups: one underwent
endoscopy, while the other received only a clinical examination to
mimic handling. Protocols included: (1) propofol 10 mg/kg +
isoflurane 3 %; (2) ketamine 20 mg/kg + medetomidine 0.2 mg/kg;
and (3) ketamine 10 mg/kg + medetomidine 0.1 mg/kg + isoflurane
3 %. Blood was collected from the plexus subcarapacialis 24 h
before and 3 h after anesthesia.
Catalase activity was measured spectrophotometrically by
hydrogen peroxide decomposition, superoxide dismutase by
inhibition of epinephrine autoxidation, glutathione S-transferase using 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as substrate, and
malondialdehyde by TBARS assay. DNA damage was evaluated
with the alkaline comet assay.
All protocols induced significant changes in oxidative stress, with
distinct patterns observed in both endoscopy and non-endoscopy
groups. SOD activity decreased with the ketamine – medetomidine
– isoflurane protocol, while CAT showed the greatest reduction
with propofol – isoflurane. GST activity increased with propofol –
isoflurane but decreased with ketamine – medetomidine. MDA
levels rose after propofol – isoflurane and ketamine –
medetomidine but remained stable with ketamine – medetomidine
– isoflurane. Endoscopy itself did not exert an additional effect,
and no DNA damage was detected in any group.
These findings demonstrate protocol – dependent oxidative stress
alterations in turtles, with the ketamine – medetomidine protocol
having the lowest overall impact, supporting the safe use of
celioscopy with appropriate anesthetic selection.Book of Abstract
Trematodes of small ruminants in Serbia
No full textAmong helminth infections of small ruminants in Serbia, nematodes predominate, while trematodes occur at lower prevalence. The most important ruminant flukes in Serbia are Dicrocoelium dendriticum (small fluke) trematodes from the Paramphistomum spp., and Fasciola hepatica (large fluke). Dicrocoelium dendriticum is a common parasite of ruminants but humans can act as accidental definitive hosts. This is most important flukes in small ruminants in Serbia and its prevalence ranges from 12.30% to 78.67%. Paramphistomum is a genus of parasitic flatworms belonging to the digenetic trematodes. In Serbia, P. cervi has been found in sheep, goat and cattle and P. microbothrium has been found in sheep and cattle as well as in deer and red deer. Infection with P. cervi was established in 13.44% of sheep and goat herds and P. microbithrium in 9.48% herds. Fasciolosis is an acute or chronic disease caused by the large fluke Fasciola hepatica. Its prevalence ranges from small ruminants in Serbia are less than 4%. Parasitic infections of sheep and goats caused by trematodes are relatively common in Serbia. Although much less common than gastro-intestinal strongyloid infections, they represent a health and economic problem
Proizvodnja kozjeg mleka u Srbiji – mogućnosti i izazovi
No full textGoat milk represents a valuable nutritional resource for humans, especially for children and individuals with lactose intolerance. Compared to cow milk, it is more easily digestible and possesses several therapeutically significant properties relevant to medicine and nutrition.
Based on research conducted in 2025 in the area of Novi Sad, it was concluded that there is a limited number of producers engaged in the production and sale of goat milk. The attitudes of respondents indicated the existence of consumer interest, which is selective and varies throughout the year. In addition, the results showed a high level of producer awareness regarding product quality, food safety, and control measures. Although there is a constant demand, milk availability is seasonal, and small quantities together with specific rearing conditions further limit the market. Earlier research on consumer attitudes in Vojvodina also showed that buyers of goat milk most value quality, freshness, and direct contact with the producer. It was also recognized that a portion of consumers choose goat milk for health-related reasons, while another segment is motivated by the desire for local, authentic products.
The Rulebook on the Quality of Raw Milk in Serbia recognizes goat milk together with cow and sheep milk, while the category of “milk of other domestic animals” includes donkey, mare, and buffalo milk. For goat and sheep milk, no limit for the somatic cell count is prescribed. This places additional responsibility on goat-milk producers, who must apply good manufacturing practices, carefully monitor milking hygiene, and the health status of lactating goats in order to ensure the safety of goat milk for consumers. Goat milk is often preferred by consumers in its raw form, which introduces an additional risk.
Education and continuous professional training of producers, as well as consumers, represent key factors in the development of the goat-milk market. Clear information on health benefits and risk assessment related to goat-milk consumption may increase consumer confidence and enable broader use of goat milk and goat-milk products. Further research is necessary to better define quality standards, improve production, and evaluate the health and functional properties of goat milk.
In perspective, a combination of stable demand, responsible production, and education may contribute to the sustainable development of the goat-milk sector in Serbia. Clearly defined regulatory frameworks, accompanied by continuous research and improvement of on-farm practices, are essential to ensure high product quality, consumer safety, and market expansion, making goat milk a recognizable and valued segment of the domestic food industry.Kozje mleko predstavlja vredan nutritivni resurs za ljude, posebno za decu i osobe sa intolerancijom na laktozu. U poređenju sa kravljim mlekom, lakše se vari, a poseduje i nekoliko terapeutski značajnih svojstava relevantnih za medicinu i ishranu.
Na osnovu istraživanja sprovedenog 2025. godine na teritoriji Novog Sada zaključeno je da postoji ograničen broj proizvođača koji se bave proizvodnjom i prodajom kozjeg mleka. Stavovi ispitanika ukazali su na postojanje potrošačkog interesovanja, koje je selektivno i varira tokom godine. Pored toga, rezultati su pokazali visok nivo svesti proizvođača o kvalitetu proizvoda, bezbednosti hrane i merama kontrole. Iako postoji stalna potražnja, dostupnost mleka je sezonska, a male količine i specifični uslovi uzgoja dodatno ograničavaju tržište. Ranija istraživanja stavova potrošača u Vojvodini takođe su pokazala da kupci kozjeg mleka najviše vrednuju kvalitet, svežinu i direktan odnos sa proizvođačem. Prepoznato je i da deo potrošača kozje mleko bira iz zdravstvenih razloga, dok drugi segment kupaca motiviše želja za lokalnim, autentičnim proizvodima.
Pravilnik o kvalitetu sirovog mleka u Srbiji prepoznaje kozje mleko zajedno sa kravljim i ovčijim, dok u kategoriju „mleka ostalih domaćih životinja“ spadaju magareće, kobilje i bivolje mleko. Za kozje i ovčije mleko, nije propisana granica za broj somatskih ćelija. To stavlja dodatnu odgovornost na proizvođače kozjeg mleka, koji svakako moraju da primenjuju dobru proizvođačku praksu, pažljivo prate higijenu muže i zdravstveni status koza u laktaciji, kako bi osigurali bezbednost kozijeg mleka za potrošače. Kozje mleko potrošači često žele da konzumiraju sirovo, što predstavlja dodatni rizik.
Edukacija i kontinuirano stručno usavršavanje proizvođača, ali i potrošača, predstavljaju ključne faktore u razvoju tržišta kozjeg mleka. Jasne informacije o zdravstvenim benefitima i analizi rizika upotrebe kozjeg mleka mogu povećati poverenje potrošača i omogućiti širu upotrebu kozjeg mleka i proizvoda od kozjeg mleka. Dalja istraživanja su neophodna kako bi se bolje definisali standardi kvaliteta, unapredila proizvodnja i procenila zdravstvena i funkcionalna svojstva kozjeg mleka.
U perspektivi, kombinacija stabilne potražnje, odgovorne proizvodnje i edukacije može doprineti održivom razvoju sektora kozjeg mleka u Srbiji. Jasno definisani regulatorni okviri, praćeni kontinuiranim istraživanjima i unapređenjem praksi na farmama, ključni su za osiguranje visokog kvaliteta proizvoda, bezbednosti potrošača i širenja tržišta, čime kozje mleko može postati prepoznatljiv i cenjen segment domaće prehrambene industrije.E-book of abstract
Uloga biosigurnosnih mera i dobrobiti životinja u smanjenju upotrebe antibiotika kod farmskih životinja
No full textSmanjenje širenja zaraznih bolesti kod farmskih životinja je jedan od glavnih koraka u
održavanju i poboljšanju zdravstvenog statusa životinja. Ovaj cilj se prvenstveno postiže kroz visoke standarde
biosigurnosti kao i u obezbeđivajem dobrobiti životinja, uključujući skup preventivnih mera usmerenih na
smanjenje prisustva infektivnih agenasa, održavanje fizičkog i mentalnog zdravlja životinja u uslovima koji je
za njih stvorio čovek sa poslednično smanjenom potrebom propisivanja antibiotika. Zbog toga su standardi
biosigurnosti i dobrobiti prepoznati kao osnovni principi efikasnog menadžmenta farmskih životinja. Drugi
važan aspekt upravljanja farmom je upotreba antimikorbnih sredstava (AMU), jednog od glavnih alata u kontroli
zaraznih bolesti, posebno u intenzivnim poljoprivrednim sistemima gde je veća verovatnoća da će doći do širenja
patogena. Uprkos toj suštinskoj ulozi, masovna upotreba AMU i povezana antimikrobna rezistencija (AMR)
dovode do velike zabrinutosti širom sveta. Nove strategije za unapređenje razumnije upotrebe antimikrobnih
lekova i obezbeđivanje tačnih podataka o AMU je od suštinskog značaja za postizanje ovog cilja.
Značajnu odgovornost u obezbeđivanju razumne upotrebe antibiotika imaju veterinari zbog toga što spadaju u
malobrojne zdravstvene radnike koji imaju ovlašćenje da prepisuju antibiotike u mnogim jurisdikcijama
Trendovi u popularnosti deset najčešćih rasa pasa u Srbiji (2008-2022)
No full textInformation on the prevalence of the most popular breeds within one society can
provide insights into its sociological, economic, and anthropological aspects, while also
aiding in the organization of more effective veterinary services and improving animal
welfare. This research aimed to determine whether there has been a change in dog
breed ownership between the Serbian capital city, Belgrade (BG), and non-Belgrade
(non-BG) regions over the last 15 years, for three five-year periods: 2008–2012, 2013–
2017, and 2018–2022. Data on breed prevalence were collected from the official Vetup
database of the Republic of Serbia. Mixed-breed dogs were the most prevalent in both
BG and non-BG regions across all three periods, though their percentage has declined
in the most recent period relative to purebred dogs. In the first period, large working/
guardian breeds dominated in all regions. German Shepherds consistently ranked as
the most prevalent purebred dogs across all periods and regions. In contrast, Maltese
dogs emerged as the most prevalent breed in Belgrade during the two most recent periods. In 2013–2017, other small breeds began to emerge, and in the third period,
they dominated the BG region, while larger breeds remained more common in non-
BG regions. These changes may reflect lifestyle changes and urban preferences for
smaller breeds better suited to apartment living. These trends reflect dog ownership
preferences, shaped by lifestyle changes and socio-economic factors in urban and rural
areas, while also aligning with global patterns but probably retaining unique traits of
local patterns.Informacije o zastupljenosti najpopularnijih rasa pasa u jednom društvu mogu pružiti
uvid u sociološke, ekonomske i antropološke aspekte tog društva, doprinoseći na taj
način unapređenju veterinarskih usluga i dobrobiti životinja. Cilj ovog istraživanja je
bio da se utvrdi da li se među vlasnicima pasa menjao trend u odabiru rase, na nivou
glavnog grada, Beograda, i područja van Beograda, tokom 15 godina u tri petogodišnja
perioda: 2008–2012, 2013–2017, 2018–2022. Podaci o zastupljenosti rasa prikupljeni
su iz zvanične baze podataka Republike Srbije – Vetup. Psi mešanci su bili najzastupljeniji
u Beogradu i u područjima van Beograda, premda je, tokom poslednjeg posmatranog
perioda, njihov broj opao u korist rasnih pasa. Tokom prvog analiziranog perioda,
krupne rase u tipu radnih pasa i pasa čuvara, bile su najbrojnije u Beogradu i van njega.
Psi rase nemački ovčar predstavljaju najzastupljeniju rasu u svim periodima u celoj Srbiji.
Maltezeri su postali najzastupljeniji psi u Beogradu tokom poslednja dva perioda.
Tokom drugog perioda, male rase pasa su počele da postaju sve brojnije, da bi tokom
trećeg perioda pet malih rasa pasa našlo među 10 najpopularnijih rasa u Beogradu.
Krupne rase pasa sačuvale su svoje mesto među popularnim rasama u vanbeogradskim
područjima. Ove promene mogu biti odraz savremenog načina života, gde se
manje rase pasa lakše „uklapaju“ u život u stanu. Ovi trendovi odražavaju preference
vlasnika pasa, oblikovane promenama u načinu života i socio-ekonomskim faktorima
u urbanim i ruralnim sredinama. Takođe, uočeni trendovi su vrlo slični sa obrascima u
svetu, uz pojedine specifičnosti vezane za domaće rase pasa
Carbon–fiber and other ionizer types in combating airborne pathogens – a Review
No full textAirborne pathogens can cause infections, intoxications, or allergic reactions through
respiration, dermal contact, or ingestion. Air ionization by dielectric barrier discharge or metal tip
corona discharge produces ozone, a reactive ionization byproduct harmful to humans. This review
focuses on the antimicrobial efficacy of newer carbon-fiber ionizers (CFIs) which can generate
high ion concentrations, enhancing pathogen deposition, with almost negligible ozone production.
Unipolar ions produced by the CFIs can disrupt microbial membranes, leading to cell death.Book of abstract
Genetic diversity of Canine circovirus detected in wild carnivores in Serbia
No full textCanine circovirus (CanineCV) is an emerging virus of interest in both domestic and wild carnivores that is scarcely reported in southeastern Europe. This study examined the presence, genetic diversity, and evolutionary characteristics of CanineCV in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and golden jackals (Canis aureus) from northwestern Serbia, a region marked by expanding mesopredator populations overlapping with human habitats. Out of 98 sampled animals, circoviral DNA was detected in 31.6%. Jackals were mostly positive for CanineCV genotype 4, while genotype 5, associated with wild carnivores, was dominant in foxes. Mixed genotype 4/genotype 5 infections were only found in jackals. Phylogenetic and haplotype analyses indicated that most jackal-derived CanineCV strains clustered along sequences from Europe, Africa, and the Americas, while genotype 5 sequences grouped separately from other genotype representatives. A recombinant strain was identified as a divergent lineage, and several sequences showed evidence of recombination between Rep and Cap genes. Despite Cap protein amino acid differences, purifying selection dominated, suggesting functional constraints on viral evolution. The results indicate that jackals may act as recombination hotspots and bridging hosts between viral lineages. This study provides insight into the molecular epidemiology of CanineCV in the Balkans, highlighting the importance of ongoing surveillance
Respiratory infections of viral etiology in immunosuppressed individuals
No full textRespiratory infections of viral etiology pose a significant threat to immunosuppressed
individuals, often leading to severe complications and increased mortality. Key pathogens include influenza A and B, SARS-CoV-2, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinoviruses, parainfluenza virus, and human metapneumovirus. Due to atypical presentations and prolonged viral shedding in these patients, early and accurate diagnosis is essential. Molecular methods, such as PCR and
multiplex panels, provide rapid and precise identification, improving clinical management.
Prevention remains crucial, emphasizing vaccination, antiviral prophylaxis, and strict infection
control measures. Monitoring viral epidemiology and outbreaks, promptly screening symptomatic
patients, and enforcing strict infection control in both outpatient and inpatient settings are crucial to
protecting high-risk individuals from viral spread.Book of abstract