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Značaj bronhoalveolarne lavaže u dijagnostici astme kod konja
No full textAstma konja je veoma česta neinfektivna, inflamatorna bolest donjih disajnih puteva. Klinički
se manifestuje u dva oblika: blagoj do umerenoj formi koja se još naziva inflamatorna bolest disajnih puteva i
težoj formi, prethodno poznatoj kao rekurentna opstruktivna bolest disajnih puteva. Razvoju obe forme bolesti
doprinosi preosetljivost disajnih puteva na alergene iz neposredne okoline konja kao što su plesni iz sena
i/ili slame, stajska prašina, polen i neki drugi. Teža forma bolesti se klinički manifestuje hroničnim kašljem,
iscetkom iz nosa, brzim zamaranjem i ekspiratornom dispnejom, dok blagu do umerenu formu karakterišu
povremeni kašalj, netolerancija na vežbanje i smanjenje sportskih perfomansi. Dijagnoza astme konja se temelji
na anamnestičkim podacima i kliničkim simptomima, koji se dodatno potvrđuju citološkim pregledom tečnosti
dobijene metodom bronhoalveolarne lavaže (BAL). Analiza sadržaja dobijenog bronhoalveolarnom lavažom se
smatra zlatnim standardom u dijagnozi astme konja i praćenju upale donjih disajnih puteva kod konja
Mleko ekvida – mogućnosti i izazovi
No full textЛековита својства млека еквида (магарећег и кобиљег) позната су од давнина. Како спада у албуминска млека, где спада и млеко жене, понекад се користи и у исхрани одојчади. На основу података прикупљених од произвођача и од потрошача магарећег и кобиљег млека код нас, најчешћи изазови са којима се сусрећу могу да се сврстају у здравствене, регулаторне, техничке и финансијске. Млеко еквида се најчешће конзумира као сирово, што са собом може да носи читав низ ризика. У нашем Правилнику о квалитету сировог млека, иако се магареће и кобиље млеко препознају као „сирово млеко осталих домаћих животиња“, нису дефинисани параметри квалитета млека магарица и кобила, већ се „одређују у складу са произвођачком спецификацијом или на основу научних и стручних сазнања“. Један од императива добре произвођачке праксе у производњи хране јесте да се обезбеди безбедна храна, погодна за конзумацију, а за безбедност производа анималног порекла одговоран је произвођач. За разлику од Р. Србије, у EU директна продаја сировог млека потрошачима регулисана је законом. Код нас се млеко еквида добија ручном мужом, коју најчешће мора да обавља лице које животиња познаје и то у присуству младунчета. Добија се изузетно мала количина млека у поређењу са мужом крава, а у складу са физиологијом лактације, мужа еквида није могућа током целе године. Осим тога, доступност овог млека потрошачима је врло ограничена. Потрошачи као највеће препреке за конзумирање млека еквида наводе високу цену, али и недовољну информисаност. Дефинисање изазова са којима се произвођачи и потрошачи млека еквида сусрећу, један је од првих корака у њиховом решавању. С обзиром на то да код потрошача постоји заинтересованост за магареће и кобиље млеко, а код произвођача постоји спремност да се оно стави на тржиште, потребно је предузети конкретне кораке у решавању горе наведених питања.Zbornik kratkih sadržaja radov
Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Gentamicin and Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Chitosan/Gentamicin: Promising materials for rapid burn wound healing
No full textScar formation and delayed wound healing pose significant challenges in treating
skin injuries, especially in severe cases like burns and diabetic wounds. This study
investigates the effectiveness of novel Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/Gentamicin (Gent) and
PVA/Chitosan (CHI)/Gent hydrogels in promoting healing of second-degree burn wounds
in a rat model. Following in vitro testing, these hydrogels were deemed non-toxic and suitable
for in vivo analysis. Clinical evaluations were conducted on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 21st
post-injury days, assessing parameters such as blistering, edema, redness, crust, bleeding,
secretion, scar tissue formation, and wound contraction percentage. Histological analyses
focused on re-epithelization and dermal evaluation at specific time points. Results showed
that both hydrogels significantly reduced inflammation, particularly redness, by the 14th
day and improved re-epithelization, with the PVA/CHI/Gent group outperforming on
the 14th day and the PVA/Gent group excelling on the 21st day. Histological findings
indicated increased fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition in treated groups, suggesting
enhanced dermal healing. The PVA/CHI/Gent hydrogel demonstrated notable
antibacterial properties, likely due to the synergistic effects of CHI and Gent, leading to
reduced inflammation and edema. Overall, both hydrogels show promise as effective
wound dressings, facilitating faster healing and improved tissue recovery in burn injuries.
This study supports the use of biomimetic scaffolds for enhanced wound management in
clinical practices
Incorporation of microalgae in the development of innovative dairy products
No full textGlobal food demand is projected to rise in the future, increasing pressure on food systems
and intensifying the search for sustainable protein sources. Microalgae are increasingly recognized
as a promising alternative due to their high protein content, favourable essential
amino acid profile, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and diverse bioactive
compounds with antioxidant potential. Dairy products, as widely consumed nutrient-rich
foods, represent an ideal platform for microalgae incorporation to improve nutritional quality
and promote more sustainable diets. The aim of this manuscript was to provide a concise
overview of dairy product formulations incorporating microalgae, with an emphasis on
future prospects and associated challenges. The most thoroughly studied algal species are
Arthrospira platensis and Chlorella vulgaris, and the possibility of their incorporation into
fermented milks, particularly yogurt, cheese and ice creams. Documented benefits include
increased protein content, improved fatty acid composition, enhanced antioxidant activity,
and potential stimulation of starter and probiotic bacterial growth. Nevertheless, technological
and sensory challenges remain, including modifications in texture, viscosity, and colour,
as well as the development of bitter, herbaceous, or marine-like flavours that may reduce
consumer acceptance. Future research should focus on identifying suitable microalgal species,
refining processing technologies, and developing flavour-masking approaches to enable
the production of microalgae-enriched dairy products that are both nutritionally enhanced
and sensorially acceptable to a broad consumer base
Fractal and multifractal analysis of various tissue samples from beagle dogs irradiated with 60Co
No full textThere is a notable increase in use of computational image analysis and data classification, due to the continuous increase of computational power, as well as availability of computers over the past two to three decades. This method is auspicious for improved diagnostic precision and subtle feature detection, which makes it particularly interesting in medicine. It makes possible to precisely identify and measure changes and patterns in medical images (Oprić et al., 2020; Joseph and Pournami, 2021; Lopes and Betrouni, 2009).
Through data patterns and correlations, the method also provides new insights into the mechanisms and progression of the disease while saving a significant amount of time and handling large amounts of data.
Large radiobiology megastudies led to the creation of archives of paraffin-embedded tissues accompanied by extensive datasets with gross pathology and histopathology information (B. Haley et al., 2011).
After a pilot study that we performed on kidney tissue of beagle dogs which gave promising results, we decided to subject more of these archival tissue specimens to fractal and multifractal analysis in order to study structural changes in various tissues due to exposure to external beam exposure to 60Co gamma rays. Here we performed multifractal analysis (Karperien et al., 2016; Torre et al., 2020) on hematoxylin-stained image components, in order to evaluate the complexity of a spatial distribution of cell nuclei, their sizes and shapes. Eosin-stained component underwent the distribution of the local fractal dimension analysis (Oprić et al., 2020). Similarly with our finding from the pilot analyses of several kidney samples – differences in radiation exposure could be associated with differences in tissue organization.Book of abstract
Značaj nerastova sa aspekta unapredjenja profitabilnosti i održivosti farmi svinja
No full textPrema podacima Republičkog zavoda za statistiku u 2024.godini u Srbiji se beleži
povećanje broja svinja u odnosu na 2023. za oko 9,7% (2.349.000grla). Porodična gazdinstva
(2023) i dalјe preovladavaju sa oko 75,9% grla svinja (oko 1,7 milion grla). Tradicionalna
proizvodnja svinja u Srbiji ima i socijalni i kulturološki karakter, ali procene o stopi
samodovolјnosti od oko 66% govore o slablјenju i napuštanju ove proizvodnje. U okviru
ukupne populacije svinja, kretanje broja nerastova u periodu 2022 - 2024.godine, beleži pad
sa 17.000 grla na 13.000 grla u 2024. godini. U okviru izveštaja glavnih odgajivačkih
organizacija za 2024.godinu, postoje razlike kontrole produktivnosti nerastova, od trenda pada
broja testiranih nerastova, uz povremene oscilacije, do porasta kontrolisanih nerastova. U
savremenoj farmskoj proizvodnji svinja, biosigurnosne mere su osnovni uslov uzgoja,
održivosti i opstanka ove proizvodnje. Jedna od procedura sadržana u okviru biosigurnosnim
mera je vezana za kupovinu novih grla. Naime, kupovina novih jedinki predstavlja potencijalni
rizik od unošenja uzročnika bolesti u zapat. Nadležni veterinar proverava zdravstveni status
novih grla, ali je obaveza svakog farmera da vodi zapise i evidenciju o sopstvenom krdu.
Promet i eksploatacija muških priplodnih grla je od velikog značaja za dati region, opštinu,
sela. Farmeri često nisu u mogućnosti da nabave seme za veštačko osemenjavanje
kontrolisanog porekla. U Srbiji registrovanih centara za proizvodnju i promet semena nerasta
ima 4. Gazdinstava sa nerastovima i ako nisu za te svrhe registrovana koriste nerastove za
prirodni pripust ili prodaju semena. Ti nerastovi nisu vidljivi u sistemu reprodukcije i ne
podležu merama zdravstvene kontrole. Nedovoljno poznat izbor nerasta ili/i nekontrolisanog
semena nerastova, sa aspekta kako genetskih tako i zdravstvenih karakteristika, predstavlјaju
značajan regresivan faktor u svinjarstvu, uzrokujući ozbilјne ekonomske gubitke. Isklјučivo
nerasti, koji su pozitivno ocenjeni u pogledu priplodnih vrednosti i kontrolisanog zdravstvenog
statusa mogu doprineti unapređenju proizvodnih rezultata i ukupnoj profitabilnosti farmi svinja
u Srbiji.Zbornik radov
Osnovna načela imunološkog sistema svinja
No full textImunološki sistem se razvija u fetusu, a imunološki odgovori počinju tamo gde
mikroorganizmi i/ili njihovi produkti stupaju u interakciju s epitelnim ćelijama sluznice i kože.
Imunološki odgovor počinje tamo gde mikroorganizmi probijaju različite barijere i aktiviraju
imunološki sistem. Starost prasadi i način odbijanja od sisanja dovode do velikih promena
mikrobne populacije (disbioza) u mikrobiomu zbog stresa naglog uklanjanja od krmače, mešanja
prasadi u novom okruženju i naglih promena u ishrani. Promene u mikrobiomu mogu smanjiti
odbranu od ulaska patogena, što dovodi do povećanog rizika od bolesti jer dolazi do iscrpljivanja
"zone ubijanja". Važna funkcija ćelija urođenog imunološkog sistema je fagocitoza radi
uklanjanja patogena. Fagocitne ćelije hvataju, i ubijaju bakterije koje napadaju organizam svinja,
a takođe igraju važnu ulogu u kontroli virusnih i gljivičnih infekcija. Dva glavna tipa fagocitnih
ćelija su granulociti, uključujući neutrofile, bazofile, mastocite i eozinofile, i mononuklearni
fagociti, koji uključuju monocite u krvi i tkivne makrofage. Mukozni imunološki sistem pruža
prvu imunološku odbrambenu barijeru za preko 90% potencijalnih patogena.Zbornik radov
Development and evaluation of two ELISA tests for diagnosis of Canine brucellosis
No full textCanine brucellosis is a disease that in most cases causes symptoms ranging from
mild to severe reproductive disorders. In most infected animals though, the disease
is inapparent, making clinical diagnosis very difficult. The only method by which a
diagnosis can be made with certainty is the isolation of Brucella canis. When serological
tests are performed, a large number of false positive results occur due to the presence
of antigenic surface determinants common to B. canis and other bacteria.
Blood sera from 225 dogs were tested using the 2-ME TAT method and in-house ELISA
tests using antigen extracts obtained by thermal extraction and by ultrasonication.
Electrophoretic analysis and densitometric quantification of the antigen showed that in
the thermally-extracted antigen, the most abundant molecular mass fraction was 10.95
kDa with a proportion of 43.12 %, which corresponded to the R-LPS of Brucella. The
same fraction was present in the ultrasonicated extract, but accounted for 11.56 %
of the protein mass, i.e., 3.7 times lower than in the thermal extraction. The protein
composition of the ultrasonicated antigen was significantly richer than in the thermal
extraction, and the quantitative composition was dominated by proteins with molecular
masses of 30.5, 24.5, 38.0 and 22.0 kDa, which belonged to the outer membrane
proteins.
In the ELISA test with the thermally-derived antigen, 44 (19.55 %) of 225 sera tested
positive, while in the ELISA test with the ultrasonicated antigen, 37 (16.44 %) were
positive. In addition to the 2-ME TAT, the use of an indirect ELISA test performed on
ultrasonically extracted antigen is recommended for serological testing in order to make
an as accurate as possible diagnosis
Sex-specific histoarchitecture and functional correlation of the rat thyroid gland
No full textThe thyroid gland’s proper function is essential for controlling the metabolism, which varies to some extent
between the sexes, thus maintaining the homeostasis. This research aimed to investigate differences in the
histological structure and number of mast cells in the thyroid gland of male and female rats, and to establish
whether there is a correlation between the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and the activation
index (Ia), which quantifies the functional activity of the gland based on histological parameters. Thyroid glands
of 20 Wistar rats were analyzed morphometrically and stereologically to determine follicle size, distribution,
and volume density of the epithelium, colloid, and connective tissue. Male thyroid glands had more small
and medium follicles and a higher volume density of epithelium, while female thyroid glands had more large
follicles and a higher volume density of connective tissue. The volume density of colloid was not significantly
different between the sexes. The histological structure of the thyroid glands in both groups was in accordance
with the measured TSH levels. The correlation between TSH serum levels and Ia were established in both
sexes. Both the TSH serum levels and Ia were lower in females compared to males. A higher number of
mast cells was noted in the connective tissue of female thyroid glands, compared to those of males, but this
difference was not significant. The results of this study indicate that there are differences in the histological
structure of male and female rat thyroid glands and that Ia can be used as a reliable complementary parameter
for assessment of thyroid gland function
Suspected dorzolamide–induced delayed hypersensitivity blepharitis in dogs
No full textThe aim was to investigate the incidence, clinical presentation, and potential risk
factors for suspected dorzolamide-induced blepharitis (DIB), in dogs diagnosed with
glaucoma or hereditary glaucoma predisposition. A retrospective review was conducted
using clinical records of 286 dogs with primary or secondary glaucoma, or a hereditary
predisposition to glaucoma (goniodysgenesis), that received dorzolamide eye drops
between October 1, 2012, and January 1, 2020. Cases of suspected DIB were identified
based on resolution of blepharitis following drug withdrawal. Statistical analysis,
including odds ratio calculations, was performed to assess the potential risk factors.
Eighteen dogs (6.2%) developed DIB after dorzolamide use. The median time before
the development of DIB was 60 days. A significant association was identified between
dogs with a history of seasonal skin allergies and the development of blepharitis (odds
ratio: 12.4, 95% CI: 4.04–35.3, p < 0.001). However, no significant association was found
with prior intraocular surgery (p = 0.26) or dry eye disease (p = 0.19). Clinical symptoms
resolved within a median of 60 days after discontinuing dorzolamide, and most dogs
were successfully switched to brinzolamide without recurrence of symptoms. Seasonal
allergies seem to be a significant risk factor for development of DIB. Dorzolamide is
one of the most frequently used drugs for treatment of glaucoma, with relatively high
prevalence of suspected delayed hypersensitivity reaction (blepharitis). Brinzolamide
may be the safer option for the treatment of glaucoma in dogs