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The potential of AmE-711 continuous honey bee cell line in genotoxicology research
No full textGenotoxicity testing is one of the most important steps in evaluation process of different chemicals, drugs, supplements and all other substances that need to be tested before their introduction in experimental or commercial use. This testing should provide information whether a compound has the potential to be genotoxic, or has potential genoprotective effect for an organism. The Comet test is important tool to estimate DNA damage at the single cell level. Evaluation of cytotoxic and genotoxic properties of compounds intended to be used in beekeeping was carried out using several cell systems (primary or continuous cell lines of other species), but no genotoxic or genoprotective investigation has ever been done on a continuous honey bee cell line. The AmE-711 cell line, established from Apis mellifera embryonic tissue is the first continuous cell line from this insect species. The aim of this study was to test if this cell line enables above mentioned toxicology testing. We used AmE-711 cells in alkaline Comet test to evaluate genotoxic/genoprotective effect of thymol (one of the most popular substance used in beekeeping) and water extract of mushroom Agaricus bisporus (extract which showed great potential in bee health improvement). Results showed that thymol has a genotoxic effects in concentrations of 100 and 1000 μg/mL revealed through DNA damage in AmE-711 honey bee cells. On the other hand A. bisporus extract did not demonstrate genotoxic effects in any of tested concentrations but showed promising genoprotective properties. AmE-711 cells from negative (non-threated) control remained undamaged, while H2O2 induced expected damage of the cells in positive control. These results proved that AmE-711 cell line may serve as the adequate cell culture system for genotoxicity investigations in bee research.Abstract boo
Hoflund’s syndrome in a Simmental calf associated with respiratory syndrome in the feedlot
No full textThis report describes a case of Hoflund’s syndrome in a calf associated with Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) on a farm that
was diagnosed in May 2023. This case involves a chronically bloated male Simmental calf with clinical findings that included abnormal
body symmetry, reduced rumen motility, apathy, a negative foreign body test, maldigested faeces, and normal body temperature
and continued bloating. Abdominal distension clearly affected the entire left side of the abdomen and the relaxed right
ventral quadrant of the abdomen. Based on the clinical picture and non-response to the applied therapy for chronic bloating,
this case was indicative of Hoflund’s syndrome type I as the cause of chronic bloating. After rumenotomy and examination of
the available parts of the rumen and reticulum, no changes were found that could be related to the cause of the bloating. The
appearance of flatulence was related to an episode of BRD in the feedlot, where in this case, the appearance of flatulence began
in the recovery phase and during treatment of the presented case. After euthanasia, a significant damaged lung parenchyma was
noted in the form of emphysematous and atelectasis changes with small deposits of fibrin on the lung lobes. One notable finding
of this study was the demonstration of a causal relationship between BRD and the occurrence of Hoflund’s syndrome in the
calf. Our case represents a significant finding towards improving our understanding of this disease and in providing effective prevention
of the occurrence of respiratory diseases in feedlots
Prevalence, genetic diversity, and quantification of the RNA genome of the hepatitis E virus in slaughtered pigs in Serbia
Get PDFThe goal of this study conducted in Serbia was to detect HEV in pig liver samples from
slaughterhouses, retail outlets, and environmental swabs over the course of a year. All positive
HEV samples were measured and expressed as HEV gene copy numbers per gram of sample, and a
representative number of samples were sequenced using the Sanger approach. A total of 45 HEVpositive samples were re-amplified using nested RT-PCR employing CODEHOP primers targeting
ORF2 (493 nucleotides). The average prevalence of the HEV genotype 3 in all pig liver samples from
the slaughterhouses was 29%, while HEV prevalence was 44% in liver samples from animals younger
than 3 months. HEV RNA was found in thirteen out of sixty (22%) environmental swab samples
that were taken from different surfaces along the slaughter line. Our findings confirmed seasonal
patterns in HEV prevalence, with two picks (summer and winter periods) during the one-year
examination. Among HEV-positive samples, the average viral particles for all positive liver samples
was 4.41 ± 1.69 log10 genome copies per gram. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the majority of HEV
strains (43/45) from Serbia were grouped in the HEV-3a subtype, while two strains were classified
into the HEV-3c subtype, and one strain could not be classified into any of the HEV-3 subtypes
Pojava dioksina, furana i polihlorovanih bifenila u hrani za životinje kao posledica narušenih ekoloških principa
No full textProblem otpada je rastući problem u svetu. Većina svetskih propisa
ograničava mogućnost deponovanja otpada i bezbedno upravljanje
otpadom preusmerava na insineratore tj. spalionice otpada. Verovanje
da će spaljivanjem otpad nestati, dovelo je do masovne insineracije
kao široko rasprostranjene metode “odlaganja” svih vrsta otpada,
uključujući i opasan otpad kakav je medicinski i hemijski. Insineracijom
se smanjuje zapremina otpada, uništavaju se bakterije i virusi.
Nažalost, spaljivanje nije “čist“ proces i pored emisije gasova dolazi
do stvaranja velike količine pepela čije čestice na sebi nose veoma
toksične polutante kao što su polihlorovani dibenzo dioksini (PCDDi),
polihlorovani dibenzo furani (PCDFi). Radi se o nepolarnim, lipofilnim
jedinjenjima koja se lako akumuliraju u životnoj sredini, veoma su postojani
zbog čega predstavljaju opasnost po zdravlje ljudi. Osim u procesu
insineracije mogu nastati i u toku velikih šumskih požara ili u toku
nekih industrijskih procesa kao što je proizvodnja pesticida. U lanac
ishrane životinja dospevaju putem kontaminarane hrane tj. zemljišta i
biljaka koje ih bioakumuliraju. U lanac hrane ljudi dospevaju preko namirnica
animalnog porekla kao što su jaja, meso i životinjske masti.
Zbog velikog toksičnog i karcinogenog potencijala propisan je čitav
niz mera kontrole prisustva ovih veoma toksičnih jedinjenja u životnoj
sredini kao i hrani za ljude i životinje.Zbornik predavanj
Uticaj klimatskih promena na epizootiološke determinante, pojavu i širenje zaraznih bolesti
No full textSvake godine svedočimo sve očiglednijim promenama klime, koje
pokazuju svoj poseban uticaj na epizootiološki trougao i njegove
determinante: prijemčivu vrstu, patogene mikroorganizme i okruženje,
odnosno sredinu u kojoj se ova interakcija ostvaruje. U fokusu svetske
naučne javnosti su istraživanja promena klimatskih obrazaca čiji se
uticaj sve češće dovodi u vezu sa interakcijama koje postoje između
patogena i domaćina. Klimatske promene koje nastaju kao posledica
jednog od najmarkantnijih fenomena poznatog kao El NINO (El Niño –
Southern Oscillation (ENSO), imaju kratkoročne, ali izrazite efekte na
vremenske prilike čije su posledice odstupanja od uobičajenih klimatskih
obrazaca. One podrazumevaju poplave, suše, promene spoljašnje
temperature u smeru sve toplijih leta i kao posledicu sve masovnije
i češće šumske požare, ali i izbijanja epidemija i epizootija. Ciklična
pojava ovakvih anomalija u prošlosti, dovodi se u vezu sa epizootijama
zaraznih bolesti poput kuge kopitara, groznice zapadnog Nila, groznice
doline Rift, hantavirusnih infekcija, malarije, kuge, kolere i nastajanjem
povoljnih ekoloških uslova za širenje areala vektora prenosioca
i rezervoara zaraznih bolesti. Na koji način podizanje temperature
vode u Tihom i Indijskom okeanu (ENSO), uz druge efekte čiji kombinovаni
i često nejasni uticaji na promene klime, ugrožavaju ne samo
biodiverzitet, dovode do epizootija, epidemija, i širenja areala prirodno
žarišnih infekcija, izazovi su sa kojima se susreće savremena nauka.Zbornik predavanj
The effects of sunflower and maize crop residue extracts as a new ingredient on the quality properties of pork liver pâtés
Get PDFThe present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of ethanolic extracts from post-harvest sunflower and maize stalk residues, and their impact on the chemical composition, physicochemical parameters, lipid oxidative stability, microbiological properties, and sensory characteristics of pork liver pâtés over a 90-day storage period. Four formulations were prepared: a control group (CON), a batch with butylated hydroxytoluene as a synthetic antioxidant (BHT), 1% ethanolic extract from sunflower residues (SSRE), and 1% ethanolic extract from maize residues (MSRE). The MSRE had a higher total phenol content and showed better antioxidant activity relative to the SSRE (p < 0.01). The addition of SSRE decreased the lightness and increased the redness in the pork liver pâtés, with these pâtés showing the highest total color difference compared to the control (p < 0.01). The crop extracts increased the n-6 and total PUFA contents in pâtés and improved the PUFA/SFA ratio (p < 0.01). Formulations containing crop residue extracts showed higher TBARs and POV values than the control and BHT group (p < 0.01), indicating a pro-oxidant effect and accelerated lipid oxidation in pâtés during storage. As far as microbiological quality, the presence of crop residue extracts decreased the total viable count, lactic acid bacteria, and psychotropic aerobic bacteria (p < 0.01). The incorporation of crop extracts in the pork pâtés impaired their sensory quality, particularly color, odor, aroma, and flavor, and decreased their overall acceptability. These results indicated that, while the crop residue extracts were not as effective as synthetic antioxidants in preserving the lipid stability of pâtés, they demonstrated potential for enhancing the microbial quality of this type of meat product
Influence of chlorpyrifos and vitamin B1 on protein synthesis and lipid status in Japanese quails
No full textThe aim of this study was to investigate the influence of vitamin B1 (thiamine) on protein changes in
the plasma of Japanese quails (Coturnix japanica) treated with chlorpyrifos. The following parameters
were investigated: concentration of plasma proteins and lipoproteins with emphasis on the concentration
of ApoA and ApoB. The study was conducted on eighty male Japanese quails (2 control groups and 6
experimental groups, n=10) at 3-4 weeks of age. One control group was treated with vitamin B1 only,
while the second group received pure corn oil. Three groups of quails were given CPF dissolved in corn
oil by gavage for 7 consecutive days at doses of 1.5 mg/kg BW, 3 mg/kg BW and 6 mg/kg BW. Another
three groups were treated with 10 mg/kg BW of vitamin B1 i.m. 30 min after CPF administration (in
above mentioned doses) for 7 consecutive days. The relative concentrations of proteins in blood plasma
were determined by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Native PAG electrophoresis). ApoA
and ApoB protein concentration was determined spectrophotometrically using ready-made test
packages (Rosch Diagnostic, Germany) in a closed system Cobas integra 400 plus (Rosch, Germany).
Our study have shown that CPF has influences the synthesis of proteins and changes their presentation.
Treatment with CPF leads to a decrease in the concentration of albumin and α1-globulin and an increase
in α2-, β- and -globulin. The increase in globulin fraction is only statistically significant in the presence
of the highest CPF dose. CPF caused a dose-dependent change in the representation of lipoproteins - an
increase in the ApoB and a decrease in the ApoA fraction. The positive effect of vitamin B1
administration after treatment with CPF on the lipid status in quail plasma is reflected in an increase in
the concentration of ApoA and a decrease in the concentration of the ApoB fraction.Book of abstract
Jestivi insekti kao alternativni izvor proteina u proizvodima od mesa – prednosti i mane
No full textPoslednjih godina, jestivi insekti su prepoznati kao potencijalni alternativni izvor proteina animalnog porekla, zbog visoke nutritivne vrednosti i dobre konverzije i održivosti, koja je u skladu sa osnovnim ciljevima u lancu proizvodnje hrane, a koji uključuju nižu emisiju gasova staklene bašte, upotrebu manjih površina za uzgoj i iskorišćavanje organskog otpada za proizvodnju visoko vrednih proteina. U cilju približavanja ove vrste hrane potrošačima primenjuju se različite tehnologije prerade kojima se insekti kao sastojci u izmenjenom, neprepoznatljivom obliku, najčešće kao brašno, dodaju u različite vrste hrane (proizvodi konditorske i pekarske industrije, proizvodi od mesa). U poslednjih nekoliko godina sprovedena su istraživanja na temu reformulacije proizvoda od mesa primenom brašna jestivih insekata (cvrčaka, skakavaca, crva brašnara, larve muve crni vojnik) u koncentracijama od 5 do 10%, kao proteinskog dodatka, zamene za skrob ili zarad smanjenja udela mesa u proizvodu. U okviru ovih istraživanja neki od najčešće korišćenih proizvoda bile su goveđe paštete, viršle, bečke kobasice i kuvane kobasice. Utvrđeno je da dodatak brašna od insekata može da dovede do promena u fizičko-hemijskim karakteristikama (tamnija boja, povećana čvrstoća i adhezivnost, a smanjena elastičnost i kohezivnost) i hemijskom sastavu (veći procenat proteina i pepela, promene u aminokiselinskom i masnokiselinskom sastavu) proizvoda od mesa, međutim bez uočenih značajnih promena mikrobiološkog kvaliteta proizvoda. Senzorne osobine proizvoda od mesa kao što su miris, ukus, boja i aroma se značajno menjaju proporcionalno količini dodatnog brašna insekata, što posledično utiče i na sveobuhvatnu prihvatljivost proizvoda od strane potrošača. Kako bi se obezbedila što bolja prihvatljivost reformulisanih proizvoda, potrebno je unaprediti proces prerade insekata i utvrditi adekvatan odnos u sirovinskom sastavu da bi se dobio proizvod koje je po senzornim karakteristikama najsličniji konvencionalnim proizvodima od mesa na koje su potrošači navikli i koje rado konzumiraju.Zbornik radova i kratkih sadržaj
In vitro phagocytosis competition: a turtle, a goose and a dog – who has the best score?
No full textPhagocytosis is an effective innate immunity mechanism, that activates at the host’s initial contact with pathogen or foreign particle. In mammals’ blood, it is dominantly performed by neutrophils and monocytes. Avian and reptilian phagocytic potential is assisted by few other recognized phagocytes: heterophils equivalent to mammalian neutrophils, eosinophils, B lymphocytes, red blood cells and thrombocytes. The aim of this study was to compare in vitro phagocytosis by leukocytes, between three animal classes: reptiles, birds and mammals. Each group included six healthy animals of following species: turtle, goose and dog. Heparin blood samples (30 μL) were incubated with opsonized zymosan particles (6 μL, 1 mg/mL) for 15 minutes at 37°C and 15 minutes at room temperature, respectively. Differential leukocyte formula was assessed microscopically, using Romanowsky-stained blood smears. In vitro functional ability was compared based on the equivalent types of leukocytes that performed phagocytosis, as well as total phagocyte capacity (%) per 100 detected leukocytes on a blood film. The results presented neutrophils as the most active in canine blood (P=0.001), when compared with heterophils in turtles and geese. The turtles had both highest monocyte (P=0.002) and total phagocyte capacity (P=0.002), in comparison with the other two species. Total leukocytes were the highest in geese (P=0.003), but their active phagocytes had the least activity towards zymosan particles. Not only heterophils and monocytes, but also eosinophils, basophils and lymphocytes displayed phagocytic ability in turtles, indicating that reptile leukocytes have the most preserved phagocytosis potential across leukocyte types and among analyzed animal classes.Abstract Boo
Uloga farmera u sprovođenju biosigurnosnih mera
No full textBiosigurnost je složen, višeslojan i sve problematičniji termin koji se često koristi, a različito tumači u stručnim krugovima. Biosigurnost na farmi je jedinstven deo rizika, jer može uticati na sve aspekte života farmera zbog velikih ličnih, društvenih, emocionalnih i finansijskih ulaganja koje farmer investira u svoj posao. Primena biosigurnosnih mera obuhvata skup mera i protokola koji imaju za cilj sprečavanje unošenja i širenja bolesti na farmama. Farmeri se danas širom sveta suočavaju sa sve većim izazovima različitih bolesti koji mogu da ugroze zdravlje i dobrobit životinja. Pored ovih izazova, u Republici Srbiji poslednjih godina su prisutni demografski izazovi koji se odnose na smanjenje broja stanovništva, što je posledično dovelo i do smanjenja broja poljoprivrednih gazdinstava u 2023. godini za 10% u odnosu na . godinu. Motivisanost farmera da se bavi stočarstvom i sprovodi biosigurnosne mere predstavlja ključni preduslov za osiguranje uspešne i rentabilne proizvodnje.Zbornik radova i kratkih sadržaj