Procter & Gamble (United Kingdom)
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Association of cartilage, synovial fluid and membrane pathological findings in Serbian mountain horses without signs of lameness
No full textOsteoarthritis (OA) in horses often affects the metacarpal/metatarsophalangeal (MCP/ MTP) joints and its detection in the early stages is crucial for effective management. It was hypothesized that the extent of cartilage damage positively correlates with synovial membrane (SM) and synovial fluid (SF) pathological findings in the MCP/ MTP joints of Serbian mountain horses that transported heavy loads but did not show signs of lameness. The study was conducted on 32 MCP/MTP joints of eight horses between seven to 12 years of age. Horse limbs were transferred from the abattoir to the necropsy room and SF was sampled. Its appearance, total nucleated cell count (TNCC), mononuclear cell count (MNC), total proteins (TP), and haptoglobin (Hp) were determined. Samples of SM were collected from the dorsal palmar/plantar pouch for histology. A macroscopic examination of gross condylar pathology of the third metacarpal/metatarsal bone was performed with Indian Ink staining. Scoring was done based on Osteoarthritis Research Society International recommendations. SF was clear, pale yellow, and mostly fairly viscous. Half of the samples had TNCC above, and all had TP within the reference range. Hp values were below the reference range and were omitted from further analyses. TNCC correlated with MNC (ρs=0.81, P<0.001), microscopic (ρs=0.62, P=0.003) and macroscopic scores (ρs=0.47, P=0.008). In addition, MNC correlated with macroscopic scores (ρs=0.40, P=0.03). All pathological findings were mild and their correlation indicated that these processes are interrelated and that could be ascribed to early OA
Pathological and parasitological findings in Serbian great cormorants infected by Contracoecum rudolphii sensu lato
No full textThe carcasses of ten great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo) found in one colony in the province of Vojvodina were necropsied and examined for parasites. The study aimed to identify helminths and histopathologically evaluate the associated tissue damage. numerous nematodes were observed, either free in the lumen of the ventriculus or deeply embedded in the ventricular mucosa of all the cormorants examined. The collected parasite samples were morphologically identified as Contracaecum rudolphii sensu lato. The main pathological findings included a thickening of the ventricular wall, while histopathology revealed a mild inflammatory infiltrate in the adjacent tissue and a connective tissue capsule around the parasite. Given that the parasites in this bird species still need to be thoroughly studied in our country, particularly the pathomorphological changes they cause, this study represents the first attempt to obtain a comprehensive understanding picture of the nematode infection and the pathological changes resulting from the presence of this parasite
Uloga metaboličkih stresora u nastanku supkliničkog endometritisa kod krava
No full textPeriod involucije materice je rizičan period i podudara se sa periodom prilagođavanja organizma na novu laktaciju. Fluktuacije i disbalansi pojedinih metaboličkih parametara, smanjena osetljivost perifernih tkiva na insulin, hipoglikemija i povećana glikoliza mogu katalizovati nastanak supkliničkog endometritisa (SCE). Supklinički endometritis se odlikuje nepostojanjem klinički vidljivih znakova bolesti. Jedini znak da zapaljenje postoji je povećan broj polimorfonuklearnih ćelija (PMN) u citološkom preparatu dobijenom brisom endometrijuma. Kod krava sa SCE zapažen je disbalans pojedinih makroelemenata, indikatora energetskog metabolizma i parametara koji ukazuju na oštećenje jetre. Naime, ustanovljeno je da dostupnost kalcijuma (Ca) u prvih 3 dana nakon teljenja ima ključnu ulogu u prevenciji nastanka oboljenja materice. Optimalne količine Ca doprinose očuvanju imunološkog integriteta a tim i regulaciji miometrijalnih kontrakcija koje za cilj imaju blagovremeno odlubljivanje posteljice i eliminaciju lohija. Kalcijum ima i neizostavnu ulogu u regulaciji migracije i baktericidne sposobnosti PMN. Funkcionalna sposobnost PMN zavisi od intracelularnih depoa glikogena. U ovoj proizvodno-reproduktivnoj fazi homeoretskim mehanizmima glukoza se preraspoređuje u mlečnu žlezdu, što umanjuje koncentraciju glukoze u sistemskoj cirkulaciji. Na ovaj način PMN bivaju izloženi smanjenim koncentacijama glukoze sa jedne strane, dok su sa druge strane izloženi visokim koncentracijama lipida i medijatora zapaljenja što rezultuje disfunkcijom PMN pre nego što se nađu u materici. Visoke koncentracije β-hidroksibuterne kiseline (BHBA) i neesterifikovanih masnih kiselina (NEFA) negativno utiču na funkcionalnu sposobnost PMN redukujući sposobnost fagocitoze, apoptoze, nekroze i hemotaksične sposobnosti PMN. Mineralni, metabolički i energetski bioprodukti predstavljaju faktore rizika za nastanak bolesti reproduktivnog trakta. Međutim, metabolički stres može biti pokrenut i u peripartalnom periodu što krave može učiniti još podložnijim za nastanak SCE. Cilj ovog rada je da se sagledaju veze između određenih metaboličkih parametara poput makroelemenata i parametara energetskog metabolizma koji ukazuju na oštećenje jetre, i njihovu povezanost sa nastankom SCE.Zbornik radova i kratkih sadržaj
Značaj kvaliteta prostirke na ambijentalne uslove, proizvodne rezultate i zdravstveni status brojlerskih pilića
No full textU intezivnoj proizvodnji tovnih pilića, oni se uzgajaju u podnom
sistemu na dubokoj prostirci koja ima veliki apsorpcioni potencijal. Jedan od faktora
koji utiče na uspešnost proizvodnje tovnih pilića je i izbor adekvatne prostirke. Prostirku
čine različiti materijali organskog i neorganskog porekla, najčešće sporedni proizvodi
poljoprivrede i šumarstva i njihove mešavine. Izbor materijala koji se koristi za
prostirku prilikom uzgoja tovnih pilića zavisi od regiona, cene i dostupnosti na tržištu.
Svrha prostirke je da obezbedi udobnost i toplotnu izolaciju, kao i da stimuliše prirodno
ponašanje živine.
Živinarska proizvodnja se poslednjih godina rapidno razvija, a sa njom i sve veća
zabrinutost za odlaganje i iskorišćavanje animalnog otpada i pojavu štetnih gasova.
Objekti za uzgoj pilića sa lošim mikroklimatom dovode do povećane vlage u njima što
povoljno utiče na razvoj patogenih mikroorganizama, imajući za posledicu loš kvalitet
prostirke i povećanu emisiju štetnih gasova (amonijaka, ugljen-dioksida i vodonik-sulfida).
Emisija štetnih gasova u visokim koncentracijama predstavlja problem sa aspekta
zdravstvenog stanja, kako pilića, tako i zaposlenih u objektima za uzgoj živine.
Održiva i isplativa proizvodnja tovnih pilića zahteva upotrebu materijala za prostirku
koja ne narušava prirodno okruženje, a koji će inhibirati razmnožavanje mikroorganizama
i emisiju štetnih gasova, doprinoseći boljem i kvalitetnijem vazduhu unutar
objekta. Sve ovo pozitivno utiče na zdravstveni status i proizvodne performanse pilića
u tovu.Zbornik predavanj
The relationship between the hoof health and enteric methane emissions in dairy cows
No full textIntroduction and Objectives
Methane (CH4) is the main greenhouse gas (GHG) emitted by dairy cows, which is mainly (90%) produced during the fermentation process in the rumen. The excessive accumulation of GHGs in the earth’s atmosphere from anthropogenic sources is responsible for the global warming. Various dairy cattle diseases, including hoof disease associated with lameness, are known to cause reduced milk yield and economic losses. However, many diseases
are also connected with increase in enteric CH4 emissions. Thus, in addition to the economic losses for farmers, there is also a loss for planet Earth in combating climate change. Since lameness has been found to affect rumination behavior, reduce feed intake and increase rumen retention time, which affects the fermentation process, we hypothesized that lameness may also affect CH4 emissions in dairy cows. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the influence of hoof health on enteric CH4 emissions, and the relationship among enteric CH4 emissions and foot surface temperature (FST) in dairy cows.
Material and Methods
Twenty-four Holstein-Friesian cows were divided into three groups according to the degree of lameness, which was assessed by the expression of pain and the ability to lean on the limb: NL (no lameness; n=6), ML (moderate lameness; n=9) and PL (severe lameness; n=9). Enteric CH4 emissions were measured with a laser detector for 4 minutes on two consecutive days (2-4 hours and 6-8 hours after morning feeding). FST was measured in the coronary band and surrounding skin of the hind feet, as region of interest, using infrared thermal imaging, and the maximum temperature was used for further analysis. Milk yield data were collected for each cow for the last month of lactation to estimate CH4 intensity (CH4 emissions/milk yield; ppm/kg). The significance of differences in all observed parameters was assessed between the examined groups of cows using independent samples t-test, while the Pearson correlation test was used to estimate the relationship between CH4 emissions and FST.
Results
The results shown no significant difference in enteric CH4 emissions between the examined groups of cows. ML group had the highest enteric CH4 intensity, which was significantly higher only compared to NL group of cows (p=0.04). ML group had also the highest FST compared to both NL (p=0.03) and PH (p=0.002) groups. A statistically significant positive correlation (r=0.645; p=0.001) was found between CH4 emissions and FST in examined cows.
Conclusions
The highest enteric CH4 intensity and FST were recorded in cows with moderate lameness, indicating the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of hoof disease both from the aspect of animal productivity and welfare, but also from the aspect of reducing CH4 emissions and environmental protection
Zdravstveni problemi novorođene ždrebadi
No full textRođenje ždrebeta je jedan od najlepših i najsrećnijih trenutaka u konjarstvu
(razume se, pored pobede u Derbiju). U svetu je gajenje konja veoma značajna eko
nomska grana pa je i zdravo ždrebe vrhunske genetike osnov za postizanje dobrih
sportskih i ekonomskih rezultata.
Da bi kompletan proces bio uspešan i da bi se veliko ulaganje novca i vreme
na isplatilo, neophodno je da se na svaki detalj obrati pažnja, počev od prostora u
kome kobila boravi, preko profilakse, pripusta, do ishrane i menadžmenta.
Sledeći korak je rođenje i odgajanje takvog ždrebeta. U ovom tekstu ćemo
upravo govoriti o nekim od najčešćih problema koji se javljaju nakon rođenja ždre
beta, a na koje odgajivači i veterinari najviše treba da obrate pažnju. Najčešći zdra
vstveni problemi novorođene ždrebadi sa kojima se susrećemo u praksi su nedovo
ljan transfer kolostralnih antitela, neonatalna septikemija, neonatalna encefalopatija - sindrom neprilagođene ždrebadi, impakcija mekonijumom i neonatalna izoertroliza.Zbornik radov
Higijena ruku zaposlenih u veterinarskim ambulantama kao mera prevencije širenja zaraznih bolesti
No full textŠirenje patogenih mikroorganizama se dešava na dva načina, direktnim i/ili indirektnim putem. Direktni put prenošenja infektivnih agenasa se najčešće događa nakon bliskog kontakta obolele sa prijemčivom jedinkom. Iako su indirektni putevi prenošenja patogenih mikroorganizama mnogobrojni, jedan od najznačajnih načina širenja patogenih mikroorganizama jesu putevi kojima posreduje čovek. To je razlog zašto higijena ruku predstavlja ključnu meru prevencije širenja patogenih mikroorganizama u veterinarskoj i u humanoj medicini. Redovnim pranjem i dezinfekcijom ruku zaposleni u veterinarskim ambulantama redukuju broj mikroorganizama čime smanjuju rizik od širenja infektivnih agenasa na njihove pacijente, vlasnike životinja i zaposlene. Osim ugrožavanja sopstvenog i tuđeg zdravlja nepravilna higijena ruku može negativno uticati i na reputaciju ambulante.Zbornik radov
Procedure dezinfekcije kod naročito opasnih zaraznih bolesti
No full textDezinfekcija predstavlja važnu kariku u procesu suzbijanja zaraznih bolest.
Cilj ovog rada je opis procedure dezinfekcije i sprovođenje na farmama u slučaju
pojave naročito opasnih zaraznih bolesti, pre svega slinavke i šapa, i drugih bolesti
poput afričke kuge svinja. Slinavka i šap (SiŠ) spada u opasne zarazne bolesti
domaćih papkara, visoko kontagiozna, karakterisana visokim morbiditetom i
mortalitetom. Procedure u slučaju pojave bolesti su definisane su kriznim planom
i Pravilnikom o utvrđivanju mera za rano otkrivanje, dijagnostiku, sprečavanje širenja,
suzbijanje i iskorenjivanje zarazne bolesti slinavke i šapa, „Službeni glasnik
Republike Srbije, 15/10”. Poštovanje procedura od mehaničkog čišćenja, pranja i
sprovođenja preliminarne, tekuće i završne dezinfekcije su od ključnog značaja za
sprečavanje širenja i iskorenjivanja prisustva virusa u objektima, opremi, i svim
predmetima koji su potencijalno kontaminiranim virusom. Prilikom sprovođenja
dezinfekcije ključan je izbor dezinficijensa, koji moraju ispunjavati određene uslove,
odnosno moraju biti odobreni u skladu sa posebnim propisima. Dezinficijensi
na bazi limunske kiseline, sirćetne kiseline, natrijum hidroksida, natrijum hipohlorit
i drugi višekomponentni dezinficijensi su odobreni i namenjeni za inaktivaciju
virusa slinavke i šapa.Zbornik radov
An in vitro evaluation of the cytotoxic potential of medicinal mushrooms against human breast cancer cell lines
No full textMedicinal mushroom extracts, i.e. their dried biomass, have long been known as sources of bioactive compounds with positive effects on
the human health. The antioxidant, antigenotoxic, antiviral, and immunomodulatory properties of the commercially available extracts
Agaricus blazei auct. non Murrill (AB), Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc. (CS), and Immune Assist (IA) have already been documented. This
study, studied the influence of these three mushrooms on the viability of cell lines MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and HS-5. The cytotoxicity
of AB, CS, and IA at different concentrations (25, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 μg/mL) was evaluated using the MTT assay. The results
showed that AB was the most effective and induced cytotoxicity in both cancer cell lines, with IC50 values of 96.7 μg/mL for MCF-7 and
368.4 μg/mL for MDA-MB-231. After treatment with CS and IA, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration was reached only in MDAMB-231 cells (IC50=613 μg/mL for CS and 343.3 μg/mL for IA). We have shown here that AB, CS and IA can suppress the growth of
MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, while affecting the survival of healthy HS-5 cells to a much lesser extent. Our in vitro results suggested
that AB, CS and IA are promising natural sources with potential anticancer activit