Procter & Gamble (United Kingdom)
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Uloga DDD mera u prevenciji afričke kuge svinja
No full textAfrička kuga svinja je virusno oboljenje divljih i domaćih svinja sa stopom mortaliteta čak i do 100%, što je čini jednom od najveć ih pretnji za svinjarstvo širom sveta. Otpornost virusa u spoljašnoj sredini, načini prenošenja i vektori koji učestvuju u prenošenju virusa, kao i odsustvo vakcine omogućili su da afrička kuga svinja uzrokuje nesagledivo negativne posledice na svinjarstvo i ekonomiju. Poseban problem u širenju virusa i masovnoj pojavi bolesti predstavlja široko rasprostranjena populacija divljih svinja, sa velikim migratornim aeralom. S obzirom da još uvek ne postoji vakcina protiv afričke kuge svinja, mere koje se koriste u prevenciji bolesti su usmerene na evidentiranje svih držalaca životinja, obeležavanje domaćih svinja, monitoring i kontrolisani izlov divljih svinja i kontinuirano sprovođenje biosigurnosnih mera po posebno definisanim biosigurnosnim protokolima u svima objektima za uzgoj svinja, kao i u lovištima u kojima se gazduje populacijom divljih svinja.Zbornik radov
Perspectives and directions of the development of new anthelmintic drugs in veterinary medicine
No full textRastući nivo rezistencije parazita na antiparazitske lekove, kao i rigorozni standardi za maksimalne nivoe rezidua lekova u jestivim životinjskim tkivima, predstavljaju značajan izazov za savremenu veterinarsku farmakoterapiju. Parazitske nematode uzrokuju značajan morbiditet i smrtnost životinja ali i ljudi širom sveta. Takođe, uzrok su velikih gubitaka u proizvodnji hrane. Kontrola infekcija ovim parazitima oslanja se na efikasnu primenu anthelmintika, ali učestala primena istih anthelmintičkih jedinjenja za masovnu hemoterapiju dovodi do razvoja rezistencije na lekove. Konstantno postoji potreba da se identifikuju nova jedinjenja za razvoj potencijalnih anthelmintika. Sa drige strane, neuromišićni sistem parazitskih nematoda se pokazao kao efikasna farmakološka meta za za ove lekove. Neki od najčešće korišćenih antiparazitskih lekova su agonisti nikotinskih acetilholinskih receptora (nAChRs) (imidazotiazoli i tetrahidropirimidini) ili aktivatori glutamat-zavisnih hloridnih kanala (GluCls) i GABA-receptora (makrociklični laktoni). Holinergički agonisti kao što su levamisol, pirantel i oksantel selektivno otvaraju ligand-zavisne acetilholinske jonske kanale eksprimirane u mišićima zida tela nematoda da izazovu spastičnu kontrakciju mišićnih ćelija što dovodi do paralize crva.
Predlažemo u cilju poboljšanja postojeće farmakoterapije i razvoja novih lekova istraživanja u sledećim pravcima: 1. Istraživanje efikasnosti kombinacija postojećih GABAergičnih i holinergičkih lekova za povećanje efikasnosti; 2. Istraživanje potencijalnih novih meta za anthelmintike (muskarinski ACh receptor i serotonergički MOD 1 receptor); 3) Novu namenu postojećih lekova, namenjenim drugim indikacijama koji ispoljavaju potencijalna antihelmintička svojstva; 4) Antinematodna svojstva terpenoidnih aktivnih sastojaka (AI) biljnih esencijalnih ulja i potencijalne kombinacija AI i postojećih lekova.Zbornik radova i kratkih sadržaj
Correlation of the amplitude of the lateral head with the kinetic of the bulls and boars spermatozoa
No full textMotility is one of the most important properties associated with the ability
to fertilise oocytes and is related to the structural integrity of the sperm
cell membrane. The parameters of sperm velocity largely determine
fertility and are of great importance for the process of sperm capaCitation
and its ability to fertilise an egg. The sperm head is the carrier of genetic
information during the fertilisation process, so its size and shape can play
an important role in this process. Some authors believe that head shape
is related to chromatin structure and integrity and thus to male fertility (1).
The spermatozoa of highly fertile boars have smaller and shorter heads
compared to the sperm of boars that are less effective in terms of fertilisation
performance (2). Some authors point to differences in the intensity and
movement style of sperm depending on head shape (3). The aim of our study
was to investigate whether the amplitude of the lateral head (ALH) of the
bulls and boars spermatozoa has an influence on the parameters of sperm kinetics (VSL straight line velocity, VCL curved line velocity, BCF beat cross
frequency)
Impact of arsenic on mouse ovaries over three generations
Get PDFThis study aimed to measure the total arsenic content deposited in the ovaries of
three consecutive generations of mice. The animals were treated with two different
concentrations to determine whether histological changes were caused in the ovaries.
The control group of mice received tap water, whereas the experimental groups were
given different concentrations of dissolved arsenic (III)-oxide. The arsenic content in
the ovaries in both experimental groups increased with each generation. The highest
content was recorded in the third generation of the second experimental group. Between
the two experimental groups in each generation, significant differences in the average
number of corpora lutea and ovarian follicles were identified. Arsenic caused structural
changes in the ovaries in both experimental groups in all three consecutive generations
Using essential oils to reduce Yersinia enterocolitica in minced meat and in biofilms
Get PDFYersiniosis, one of the leading foodborne infections in the European Union, is caused by
Yersinia enterocolitica. In this study, the antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of cinnamon (Cinnamomum
zeylanicum Nees), clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.), oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), rosemary (Rosmarinus
officinalis L.), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), and winter savory (Satureja montana L.) essential oils were
investigated against Y. enterocolitica strains belonging to the bioserotype 4/O:3. Cinnamon essential
oil showed the highest antibacterial activity, with an MIC value 0.09 µL/mL, followed by oregano
and thyme essential oils, with MIC values from 0.09 to 0.18 µL/mL, and from 0.18 to 0.23 µL/mL,
respectively. Thyme essential oil at 0.23 µL/g (MIC) and at 0.46 µL/g (2MIC) significantly (p < 0.05)
reduced the number of Y. enterocolitica by 0.38 log CFU/g and 0.64 log CFU/g, respectively, in minced
pork meat during storage at 4 ◦C for 4 days. The Y. enterocolitica strains formed biofilms at 15 ◦C and
37 ◦C in tryptic soy broth and Luria–Bertani broth, while no biofilms were obtained at 5 ◦C, and in
meat broth nutrient media. Applying the minimum bactericidal concentrations of cinnamon, clove,
oregano, rosemary, thyme, and winter savory essential oils on preformed biofilms led to significant
reductions being observed in the range from 45.34% to 78.89%. A scanning electron microscopy
assay showed the devastating impact of oregano and thyme essential oils on the morphology of Y.
enterocolitica bacterial cells. In conclusion, the results of this study show that essential oils possess
high anti-Yersinia and antibiofilm effects
Editorial: Technologies to address risk assessment, food safety and public health in food production chain
Get PDFAccess to sufficient, safe and nutritious food is a basic human right and is referred to as food security. To ensure this right, governments should develop and support effective and efficient prevention and control strategies along the food production chain. This should be based on integrated approach, from farm-to-fork, supported by risk assessment, risk-based food safety management and risk communication to consumers on major public health hazards. The continuous and rapid development of new technologies to detect and control food safety hazards, together with the introduction of digital innovations in the food chain, mark the 4th industrial revolution. The food chain is not exempted from these changes. In light of food security needs and current global challenges, such as population growth and urbanization, international livestock and food trade, climate change, biodiversity loss, decrease of arable land, food waste, and greenhouse gas emissions there is a strong need to transform agri-food systems. Such transformation should enable a more climate resilient and sustainable food value chain
Main pre-slaughter factors affecting carcass bruising and meat quality in beef cattle
No full textThis study aimed to determine the prevalence of carcass bruising in Simmental cross-breed bulls and to characterize the
bruises in terms of number, size, shape, severity, and the affected region of the carcass. In addition, the risk factors related
to the pre-harvested and harvested phase of beef production and meat quality parameters, as well, were investigated. The
prevalence of bruised carcasses was 40.6% (95% confidence interval, CI=35.4–46.0%). The main risk factors related to
carcass bruising were procurement of the bulls from the auction markets (odds ratio, OR=2.94, 95% CI=1.65–5.26) compared to the bulls that came directly from the farms and inadequate practice in the combined type of slaughterhouses (type
A: OR=6.86, 95% CI=3.53–13.37; type B: OR=4.76, 95% CI=2.26–10.01) relative to the beef-only slaughterhouses
(P=0.0001). Out of the total investigated bruises, 40.7% were severe, affecting muscular parts and mainly localized on
the rear parts of the carcasses. The probability of severe bruises was higher in bulls with at least one large-sized bruise
than in bulls without bruises of that size (OR=3.10, 95% CI=1.42–6.78, P=0.005). Concerning the risk factors, the dark
cutting occurrence was significantly lower in the bull’s carcasses originating from the farms and completely absent in
beef-only slaughterhouses (P=0.001). Improvement of facilities and equipment, avoiding transport through markets, and
training of staff in terms of animal welfare are crucial in obtaining a concept of safe and better quality food
Klinički endometritis krava: korelacija telesne kondicije, kvaliteta vaginalne sluzi, laktacije, dnevne mlečnosti i procenta polimorfonuklearnih ćelija u citološkom razmazu endometrijuma
No full textOva studija je imala za cilj da utvrdi korelaciju između ocene telesne kondicije,
proizvodnih parametara (laktacija i dnevna proizvodnja mleka), kvaliteta vaginalne
sluzi i procenta polimorfonuklearnih ćelija iz citološkog razmaza poreklom iz materice
mlečnih krava sa dijagnozom kliničkog endometritisa. Ispitivanje je obuhvatilo 14
Holštajn-Frizijskih krava u prvoj i drugoj laktaciji. Procena kvaliteta vaginalne sluzi je
izvršena upotrebom Metricheck® instrumenta. Citološki brisevi iz materice su
uzorkovani upotrebom Cytoprint AI® katetera. Procena kvaliteta vaginalne sluzi i
uzorkovanje citološkog brisa iz materice je izvršeno 25. i 26. dana laktacije. Rezultati
ove studije su pokazali da ne postoji značajna korelacija između procenta
polimorfonuklearnih ćelija i mlečnosti ili laktacije. Međutim, pronađena je značajna
negativna korelacija između ocene telesne kondicije i kvaliteta vaginalne sluzi, što
sugeriše da krave sa višim ocenama telesne kondicije imaju manji rizik za nastanak
kliničkog endometritisa. Rezultati ove studije su u skladu s postojećom literaturom koja
sugeriše da ocene telesne kondicije može poslužiti kao pokazatelj stepena rizika za
nastanak kliničkog endometritisa.Related to an English-language version of the following article:[https://vet-erinar.vet.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4699
Clinical endometritis in cows: correlation of body condition, quality of vaginal mucus, lactation, daily milk production and the percentage of polymorphonuclear cells in the cytological smear of the endometrium
No full textThis study aimed to determine the correlation between body condition score,
production parameters (lactation and daily milk production), vaginal mucus quality and
the percentage of polymorphonuclear cells from cytological smears originating from
the uterus of dairy cows diagnosed with clinical endometritis. The study included 14
Holstein-Friesian cows in the first and second lactation. Assessment of the quality of
vaginal mucus was performed using the Metricheck® instrument. Cytological smears
from the uterus were sampled using the Cytoprint AI® catheter. Evaluation of the
quality of vaginal mucus and sampling of the cytological smear from the uterus was
performed on the 25th and 26th days of lactation. The results of this study indicated
that there was no significant correlation between the percentage of polymorphonuclear
cells and milk yield or lactation. However, a significant negative correlation was found
between body condition score and vaginal mucus quality, suggesting that cows with
higher body condition scores have a lower risk of developing clinical endometritis. The
results of this study are in line with the existing literature suggesting that body
condition scores can serve as an indicator of the degree of risk for the development of
clinical endometritis.Related to an Serbian-language version of the following article:[https://vet-erinar.vet.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4698
Poultry production in the Republic of Serbia – current situation and perspectives
No full textOver the last decades, poultry production has grown from a secondary activity in rural
households into a highly specialized industrial branch of livestock production that has
great potential for the development of the economy of many countries. A total of 21.6
million poultry are currently raised in the Republic of Serbia, of which 12.5 million are
broilers and 7.5 million are laying hens. In comparison with the results of the Census
of Agriculture 2018, there is a noticeable decrease in the total number of poultry by
7.3%, i.e. by as much as 23.25% compared to the results from 2012. Egg production is
at the level of slightly more than 1.5 billion pieces, which represents the minimum
recorded level of egg production during the previous ten years. On the other hand,
during 2023, the production of poultry meat was 127,000 t, i.e. at a 10% higher level
compared to the previous year and 13.6% more compared to the five-year average.
Serious efforts are necessary in the structural reform of this sector of agriculture, but
also of rural areas, in terms of strengthening their economic efficiency and
competitiveness.Related to an Serbian-language version of the following article:[https://vet-erinar.vet.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4706