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Preventive and control measures to reduce the risk of Y. enterocolitica on pig farms
No full textЈерсиниоза изазвана са Y. enterocolitica једна је од водећих зооноза у Европској унији која се преноси храном и налази се на трећем месту по учесталости, одмах после кампилобактериозе и салмонелозе. Према извештају Европске агенције за безбедност хране у току 2022. године укупан број пријављених и потврђених случајева јерсиниозе био је 7919. Код људи се као узрочници најчешће изолује Y. enterocolitica биосеротип 4/О:3, затим 2/О:9 и 2/О:5. Инфекција настаје уношењем контаминиране хране са Y. enterocolitica која код људи изазива симптоме инфекције гастроинтестиналног тракта у виду гастроентероколитиса са крвавим дијарејама и фебрилним стањем. Као најчешћи извор заразе наводи се сирово или недовољно термички обрађено месо свиња. Здраве асимптоматске свиње, које као такве долазе на клање представљају извор инфекције за друге свиње током боравка у депоу кланице и потенцијални ризик од даље унакрасне контаминације током процеса клања. У оквиру фарме преваленција је врло променљива, што указује на утицај појединих фактора на фарми. Зависно од нивоа примењених биосигурносх мера на фарми, утвђено је да је преваленције већа на фармама са нижим нивоима биосигурносих мера. Присуство Y. enterocolitica не може се открити конвенционалним прегледом меса, тако да се мере контроле односе на спречавање или смањење фекалне и друге контаминације почевши од фарме, затим током транспорта, за време боравка у депоу кланице, као и приликом самог клања. Стратегија за смањење учесталости инфекције Y. enterocolitica, подразумева дефинисање фактора ризика и успостављање поступака у циљу њиховог смањења или елиминације, са циљем унапређења безбедности хране и јавног здравља. Резултати студије спроведене у Србији указују на ниво преваленције од 10,4%, а као главни фактори ризика идентификовани су фарме отвореног типа, дужи боравак свиња у депоу кланице и зимска сезона.Yersiniosis caused by Y. enterocolitica is one of the leading zoonoses in the European Union, transmitted through food and ranking third in prevalence after campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis. According to the 2022 report from the European Food Safety Agency, the total number of reported and confirmed cases of yersiniosis was 7919. In humans, the most frequently isolated causative agents are Y. enterocolitica bioserotypes 4/O:3, followed by 2/O:9 and 2/O:5. Infection occurs through the ingestion of contaminated food with Y. enterocolitica, causing symptoms of gastrointestinal tract infection, such as gastroenterocolitis with bloody diarrhea and a febrile condition.
The primary source of infection is often cited as raw or inadequately cooked pork. Asymptomatic healthy pigs, which serve as sources of infection, contribute to contamination during their stay in slaughterhouse depots, posing a potential risk of cross-contamination during the slaughtering process. Prevalence on farms is highly variable, indicating the influence of various factors. Depending on the level of applied biosecurity measures on farms, higher prevalences are observed on farms with lower biosecurity levels.
The presence of Y. enterocolitica cannot be detected through conventional meat inspection methods. Therefore, control measures focus on preventing or reducing fecal and other contaminations, starting from the farm, during transportation, at the slaughterhouse depot, and throughout the slaughtering process. A strategy to reduce the incidence of Y. enterocolitica infection involves defining risk factors and establishing procedures to mitigate or eliminate them, with the aim of improving food safety and public health. Results from a study conducted in Serbia indicate a prevalence rate of 10.4%, with identified main risk factors being open-type farms, prolonged pig stays in slaughterhouse depots, and the winter season.Zbornik kratkih sadržaj
Uloga psećeg herpesvirusa 1 (CAHV1) u reproduktivnoj patologiji pasa
No full textPseći herpesvirus 1 (CaHV1) je jedan od najznačajnijih uzročnika virusnih in
fekcija pasa, pri čemu se naročito naglašava njegov uticaj na reproduktivno zdravlje
ovih životinja, dok kod novorođene štenadi dovodi do fatalnog sistemskog oboljenja.
U populaciji odraslih pasa opstaje zahvaljujući razvoju latentne infekcije. Do reak
tivacije virusa i njegovog izlučivanja dolazi u stanjima imunološke supresije, što ne
mora biti praćeno kliničkim simptomima. Navedeni virus se najčešće prenosi direk
tnim kontaktom između pasa. Međutim, zabeležena je i transplacentalna trasmisija
sa pojavom pobačaja. Priroda ovog virusa u nekim situacijama otežava primenu
standardnih laboratorijskih dijagnostičkih metoda imajući u vidu razvoj latentne in
fekcije i slabu imunogenost CaHV1. Uloga CaHV1 u reproduktivnoj patologiji pasa
ne zavisi isključivo od njegovog prisustva u populaciji životinja, već i od uslova sre
dine koji olašavaju reaktivaciju i transmisiju virusa, a koji se mogu kontrolisati prime
nom opštih preventivnih mera ili vakcinacijom.Zbornik radov
Praktikum iz medicinske hemije sa zbirkom zadataka : za studente I godine Fakulteta veterinarske medicine
No full textDrugo dopunjeno izdanj
Do we need new drugs in therapy of otitis externa, or the old ones still works?
No full textCanine otitis externa is a common dermatologic problem in
small animal practice. Affected ears are often painful and pruritic
often with an unpleasant smelling discharge. Canine otitis externa,
prevalent in 5% to 20% of dogs gl obally, is a common reason for
antibiotic prescriptions in small animal practice and raises concerns
as dogs may serve as potential reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance
(AMR) determinants, impacting public health. This study aimed to
determine the preval ence of various bacteria causing clinical ear
infections in dogs and describe the AMR patterns of the primary
causative agents of canine otitis. A total of 167 ear swabs were
collected from patients at the Dermatology Clinic at the Faculty of
Veterinary Me dicine in Belgrade, Serbia, between 2017 and 2023. 218
bacterial strains were isolated, with mixed infections detected in 50
(29.94%) samples. Additionally, 218 antibiograms were analyzed. From the 167 ear swabs, the most prevalent isolated species was
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius , found in 72 ear swabs (43.11%),
followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa , isolated from 48 ear swabs
(28.74%). Proteus spp. accounted for 15.57%, Streptococcus spp. for
12.57%, S. aureus and coagulase negative staphylococci for 9 .58%
each, and Enterobacteriales (excluding Proteus spp.) for 4.79%. A
minimum of 12 antibiotic compounds from 9 antibiotic classes were
tested for each strain. Depending on the type of bacteria tested,
resistance ranged from 12.5% to 93.75% for penicillin s, 12.5% to
93.75% for cephalosporins, 12.5% to 52.77% for fluoroquinolones,
3.85% to 76.67% for aminoglycosides, 27.27% to 75% for macrolides,
0% to 78.72% for amphenicols, 22.22% to 95.5% for sulfonamides,
43.75% to 97.5% for tetracyclines, and 6.25% to 40% for imipenem.
Effective treatment of ear infection includes treatment of infection and
inflammatory changes as well as determination of the underlying
factors that led to development of otitis in the first place. Topical
therapy is the mainstay treatm ent for otitis externa although systemic
use of anti inflammatory therapy and/or antimicrobial therapy may
be indicated for individual patients. Many commercially available
topical ear medications contain a combination of antibiotics, antifungals, and gluc ocorticoids and are supplied in different
formulations for daily or weekly applications. Common antibiotics
are aminoglycosides (gentamicin, neomycin), fluoroquinolones
(ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin), polymyxin B, fusidic
acid and florfenicol . Considering the small number of topical
antibiotics available, and the relatively high resistance of bacteria
diagnosed in the ear canal, in some cases we have to apply
antisepticsor injectable antibiotics in different concentrations.
Continued surveill ance is vital to grasp antimicrobial resistance
trends in veterinary medicine. This study underscores the necessity of
establishing an antimicrobial resistance surveillance program in small
animal practice, especially with the rising number of pet owners.
Regular monitoring is crucial for understanding and addressing
antimicrobial resistance in companion animals, particularly in Serbia,
where surveillance programs are lacking despite global
recommendations.Book of abstracts and conference proceeding
Biosigurnosne mere u kontroli kokcidioze ovaca u stajskom držanju
No full textStajski način držanja ovaca sa velikim brojem životinja na realtivno malom
prostoru, sa ujednačenim mikroklimatom i dubokom prostirkom pogoduju nastanku
protozoarnih infekcija, posebno kokcidijama, naročito kod mlađih kategorija
životinja. Na osnovu istraživanja u svetu i kod nas utvrđeno je da ova obolenja
dominiraju kod jagnjadi i po prevalenci i po incidenci i praćena su značajnim morbiditetom
i malim do umerenim mortalitetom. Fecesom inficiranih jedinki izlučuju
se oociste ovih protozoa koje nisu sporulisane (i zbog toga su neinfektivne) a
postaju infektivne nakon sporulisanja u spoljnoj sredini. Kada se kaže kokcidioza
uobičajeno se misli na oboljenje uzrokovano protozoa iz familije Eimeridae – rod
Eimeria. Osim familije Eimeridae, u rod kokcidija spadaju daleko opasnije zoonotske
vrste - Cryptosporidium sp, Toxoplasma gondii i Sarcocysta sp., ali zadnje dve
su u malom procentu prisutne kod nas. Kako su kokcidije iz roda Eimeria a zatim
i Cryptospora primarni i najznačajniji uzročnici obolenja jagnjadi u radu je dat
prikaz biosigurnosnih mera koje se koriste u njihovoj kontroli.Zbornik radov
New experimental setup for exposure of gas-phase bio-aerosols to small air ions
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has once again steered the attention of the public to not only medical but also economic and societal problems, caused by airborne microorganism infections. As one of the means of controlling airborne pathogens, there has been a revived interest in using air ionizers to purify the indoor air in closed spaces. The major benefit of newer corona air ionizers stems from the use of carbon fibres to produce small air ions without the harmful side effect of producing ozone (doi: 10.1080/02786820802339553). In addition to speeding up the natural deposition of particles in the air (doi: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2023.106199), including the bio-aerosol particles, small air ions have been reported also to produce a biocidal action on airborne microorganisms (doi: 10.1186/14712180-7-32, doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2022.04.004, doi: 10.1128/Spectrum.00651-21). In order to perform a detailed study of the effects of small air ions to the gas-phase bio-aerosol, we have developed a dedicated experimental setup for bio-aerosol exposure, able to provide accurate measurements even with moderate bio-aerosol concentrations. Here we describe the newly invented air ion exposure setup and its principles of work. We report on the experiments with Aspergillus fumigatus and Mycobacterium gordonae. We study the effects of air ions of different air ion concentrations, polarity ratios, and exposure times. The increased efficiency of particle deposition as well as the noticed biocidal effects are reported.Book of abstract
Consequences of transport conditions on the welfare of slaughter pigs with different health status and RYR-1 genotype
Get PDFThis study assessed the influence of transport conditions on welfare indicators of slaughter
pigs with different health status and RYR-1 genotype. The group of pigs, predominantly consisting of
Nn (56.67%) and subclinically diseased (60.00%) individuals, that were exposed to short transportation (<30 min) at high loading density (~235 kg/m2
) had the highest slipping (p < 0.0001), falling
(p = 0.0009), turning back (p < 0.0001), reluctance to move (p < 0.0001), panting (p < 0.0001) and
shivering (p < 0.0001) frequencies at unloading. Subclinically diseased Nn pigs subjected to short
transportation (<30 min) and high loading density (~235 kg/m2
) had the highest lactate (p < 0.0001
and p < 0.0001), glucose (p = 0.0450 and p = 0.0002), CK (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0010), LDH (p < 0.0001
and p = 0.0484), AST (p = 0.0208 and p = 0.0170), ALT (p = 0.0500 and p = 0.00081), ceruloplasmin
(p = 0.0334 and p < 0.0001) and MDA (p = 0.0048 and p < 0.0001) concentrations, but the lowest
sodium (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001), chloride (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0432), albumin (p < 0.0090 and
p < 0.0001), PON-1 (p = 0.0122 and p = 0.0500) and GSH (p = 0.0042 and p = 0.0340) levels, respectively. In the group consisting of of stress-resistant (100%) and predominantly healthy (60.00%)
pigs subjected to short transportation (<30 min) at high loading density (~235 kg/m2
), none of the
individuals showed irregular behavioural reactions during unloading. Healthy NN pigs that underwent short transportation (<30 min) at high loading density (~235 kg/m2
) had the lowest lactate
(p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001), glucose (p = 0.0450 and p = 0.0002), CK (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0010), LDH
(p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0484) and ceruloplasmin (p = 0.0334 and p < 0.0001) levels, but the highest sodium
(p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001) and chloride (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0432) concentrations, respectively. Inconclusion, the most compromised welfare was recorded in subclinically diseased Nn pigs exposed
to short transportation (<30 min) and high loading density (~235 kg/m2
), while under the same
conditions, the welfare of healthy NN pigs was not compromised. Therefore, stress-carrier pigs with
subclinical pathological lesions should not be considered fit for transportation, indicating that the
health status and genotype are the key factors for optimising pig welfar
Cruelty toward dogs and cats in the Republic of Serbia during a 10-year period
Get PDFThe aim of the study was to point out the importance of recognizing non-accidental injuries
(NAI) and to highlight the importance of reporting such cases, as well as prosecuting the perpetrators,
in order to detect potentially existing violence or prevent future violence in society. A total of
338 dogs and 54 cats were submitted for necropsy. Out of 338 dogs examined, 175 (51.8%) died due
to non-natural cause of death, 122 from natural causes (36.1%), and 35 (10.3%) due to accidental
injuries, and in 6 cases (1.8%) the cause and manner of death were undetermined due to advanced
post-mortal changes. Out of 54 examined cats, 21 died due to non-natural causes (38.9%) and the
same number of cats died due to natural causes. The prevalence of accidental injuries resulting in
death were 20.4% (n = 11) and in 1.8% (n = 1) the manner of death remained indeterminate. The high
number of animals confirmed to have died from unnatural causes in this study highlights the need
for greater involvement from the police, prosecution, and society as a whole to reduce the number of
violent animal deaths in the future
(Un)Tying the Knot: Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Markers, and Lipid Status in Dogs with Hypercortisolism
No full textThe aim of this study was to revisit the complex relationship between inflammation,
oxidative stress and lipid metabolism in dogs with hypercortisolism (HC). Fourteen dogs newly
diagnosed with HC and an equal number of healthy counterparts of similar age and markers of
oxidative stress (AOPP, TBARS, TAC, GSH, PON-1, and UA) and inflammation (NLR, PLR, SII, HPT,
CHE, CP, and Hcy) were included in the study. To determine the lipid profiles, cholesterol, and
triglyceride levels were measured, and the electrophoretic separation of lipoproteins was performed.
The results revealed that dogs with HC had higher levels of AOPP and TBARS, but only greater levels
of GSHamongantioxidants. Uric acid levels were higher in HC dogs, suggesting a pro-oxidative role.
Elevated NLR, PLR, SII, and HPT levels were detected, but they did not seem to be associated with
inflammation. Notable changes were detected in the HDL fraction, alongside hypercholesterolaemia
and hypertriglyceridaemia. Correlation analysis revealed links between lipid markers and both
oxidative stress and inflammatory indices. In conclusion, the data acquired may prove useful in
further understanding of the intricate pathophysiology of Cushing’s syndrome
Evaluation of commercial ELISA kits’ diagnostic specificity for FAST diseases in wild animals
No full textWild animals, sharing pathogens with domestic animals, play a crucial role in the epidemiology
of infectious diseases. Sampling from wild animals poses significant challenges, yet it is vital
for inclusion in disease surveillance and monitoring programmes. Often, mass surveillance
involves serological screenings using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests,
typically validated only for domestic animals. This study assessed the diagnostic specificity of
commercially available ELISA tests on 342 wild ruminant serum samples and 100 from wild
boars. We evaluated three tests for foot-and-mouth disease: two for Peste des petits ruminants,
two for Rift Valley fever and one for Capripox virus. Diagnostic specificity was calculated
using the formula True Negative/(False Positive + True Negative). Cohen’s kappa coefficient
measured agreement between tests. Results showed high specificity and agreement across all
tests. Specificity for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) ranged from 93.89% for Prionics to 100%
for IDEXX, with IDvet showing 99.6%. The highest agreement was between FMD IDvet and
IDEXX at 97.1%. Rift Valley fever (RVF) tests, Ingezim and IDvet, achieved specificities of
100% and 98.83%, respectively. The optimal specificity was attained by retesting single reactors
and inactivating the complement