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Gastrointestinal parasites in owned dogs in Serbia: Prevalence and risk factors
Get PDFDogs are the most popular pets worldwide. Close contact between dogs and people
increases the risk of transmission of various zoonotic parasitic infections. Given the importance of
veterinary medicine in preserving the One Health concept, the aim of this research was to identify
intestinal parasites that may have zoonotic potential and to evaluate risk factors (individual and
environmental). The research was conducted in Serbia in 2022 and 2023 on 382 owned dogs, using
qualitative methods of coprological examination with a concentration on parasitic elements. The overall
prevalence of intestinal parasites was 62.6%, with the following detected: protozoa: Cystoisospora
spp. (9.2%), Sarcocystis spp. (4.5%), Neospora caninum/Hammondia spp. (3.7%), Giardia intestinalis
(11.8%); nematoda: Toxocara canis (11.5%), Toxascaris leonina (4.2%), family Ancylostomatidae (38.0%),
Trichuris vulpis (21.5%), Capillaria spp. (10.5%); trematoda: Alaria alata (1.6%) and cestodes from the
Taeniidae family (1.3%). Factors like age, size and coat length, as well as the way of living, attitude
and diet were linked to a significantly higher (p < 0.05) prevalence of intestinal parasites. Based on the
results of coprological diagnostics, this research indicates the importance of educating dog owners,
conducting routine parasitological tests on their pets and regular deworming strategies
Pathomorphological and meat quality alterations connected with wooden breast in broiler chickens of different genotypes and slaughter ages
Get PDFThis study examined pathomorphological changes and meat quality alterations associated with Wooden Breast Myopathy (WB) in total of 192 broiler chickens divided into Ross 308 (n=96) and Cobb 500 (n=96) heavy hybrids at ages 42, 60, and 70 days. WB occurrence remained consistently high (>73%) across periods, peaking on day 70(83% for Ross, 90% for Cobb). Cobb broilers had better production results and carcass traits parameters after day 42 and day 60 of the experiment (p≤0.05). Genotype did not affect WB occurrence or severity, while slaughter age influenced severe cases WB occurrence, increasing from 11.67% on day 42 to 36.67% on day 70 (p=0.003). The presence of WB was associated with higher ultimate pH, lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) of the muscle (p<0.0001), except on day 70. Physicochemical and color parameters were also influenced by slaughter age (p<0.0001). On day 42, drip loss (p<0.0001), cooking loss (p≤0.05) and shear force (p<0.0001) were affected by genotype. On days 60 and 70, the differences in water retention capacity were observed only between normal and severely affected breasts (p<0.0001). For each slaughter age severely affected WB had higher shear force compared to normal breasts (p<0.0001). Additionally, with the increasing slaughter age of broilers, drip loss, cooking loss, and shear force of the breast meat were increased (p<0.0001). The results obtained regarding the occurrence and severity of WB and its consequent meat quality alterations suggest that extended fattening is not recommended for poultry production.Supplementary material: [https://vet-erinar.vet.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4079
Welfare assessment of European brown hares (Lepus europaeus) reared in captivity for their subsequent release
No full textFor Serbian hunting grounds, the European brown hare (Lepus europaeus) is the most interesting type of small hunting game animal. However, the number of hares has decreased in recent decades, so hunters and authorities rear hares in captivity systems for their subsequent release. In order to investigate the welfare of cage-reared hares in Serbia, two captivity systems were analyzed. For welfare assessment, animal-based indicators were from the welfare quality assessment protocol for rabbits. The main welfare issues identified were locomotor stereotype behaviors (observed in 33.08%, 43/130 of caged hares), hairless areas on the animal (28.46%, 37/130), wounds on the body (18.46%, 24/130), wounds on the ears (16.92%, 22/130), and thin body condition score (BCS) (10.77%, 14/130). Significant correlations (p < 0.001) were found between some welfare indicators: thin BCS and wounds on the body; thin BCS and nasal discharge; wounds on the body and hairless areas, and; locomotor stereotype behaviors and hairless areas. The results of this study provide valuable insight into the impact of the captive rearing system on the welfare of European brown hares in Serbia.For Serbian hunting grounds, the European brown hare (Lepus europaeus) is the most interesting type of small hunting game animal. However, the number of hares has decreased in recent decades, so hunters and authorities rear hares in captivity systems for their subsequent release. In order to investigate the welfare of cage-reared hares in Serbia, two captivity systems were analyzed. For welfare assessment, animal-based indicators were from the welfare quality assessment protocol for rabbits. The main welfare issues identified were locomotor stereotype behaviors (observed in 33.08%, 43/130 of caged hares), hairless areas on the animal (28.46%, 37/130), wounds on the body (18.46%, 24/130), wounds on the ears (16.92%, 22/130), and thin body condition score (BCS) (10.77%, 14/130). Significant correlations (p < 0.001) were found between some welfare indicators: thin BCS and wounds on the body; thin BCS and nasal discharge; wounds on the body and hairless areas, and; locomotor stereotype behaviors and hairless areas. The results of this study provide valuable insight into the impact of the captive rearing system on the welfare of European brown hares in Serbia
Efekti kombinovanog hipotiroidizma i deficita selena na aktivnost selenoenzima glutation peroksidaze kod pacova
No full textThe effects of propylthiouracil (PTU) treatment and selenium-deficient diet on selenium and thyroid status of Wistar male rats were examined in this study. Wistar male rats (n =128) were divided into four groups: (1) control group – selenium-adequate rats fed a diet supplemented with 0.334 mg Na selenite/kg feed and received regular drinking water (Se+PTU-); (2) selenium adequate rats fed a diet supplemented with 0.334 mg Na selenite/kg feed and received a dose of 150 mg/L of PTU in drinking water, (Se+PTU+); (3) selenium-deficient rats fed a diet containing 0.031 mg Na selenite/ kg and received regular drinking water (Se-PTU-); (4) selenium deficient rats fed a diet containing 0.031 mg Na selenite/kg and received 150 mg/L of PTU in drinking water (Se-PTU+). After three and seven weeks of treatment, all Se – animals had significantly lower whole blood Se concentrations and GPx1 and GPx3 activities. PTU induced a significant decrease in T4 and T3 plasma concentrations after three weeks of treatment in both PTU+ groups. Furthermore, after seven weeks, the T3 level was close to its detection limit in Se – animals. A negative correlation was spotted between GPx activity and concentration of T3 after three and seven weeks. It could indicate an inhibitory influence of thyroid hormones on the expression and/or activities of GPx enzymes related to the available Se in conditions of systemic decrease of T4 concentration. This effect was particularly pronounced in Se – animals.U ovom radu prikazani su efekti davanja propiltiouracila (PTU) i ishrane deficitne selenom na status selena i štitne žlezde muških Wistar pacova. Pacovi (n =128) su podeljeni u četiri grupe: (1) kontrolna grupa – selen-adekvatni pacovi kojima je davana hrana sa dodatih 0,334 mg Na selenita/kg i obična voda za piće (Se+PTU-); (2) kojima je davana hrana sa dodatih 0,334 mg Na selenita/kg i voda za piće sa 150 mg/L pro- piltiouracila, (Se+PTU+); (3) pacovi kojima je davana selen-deficitna hrana koja sadrži 0,031 mg Na selenit/kg i obična voda za piće (Se-PTU-); (4) pacovi kojima je davana selen-deficitna hrana koja sadrži 0,031 mg Na selenit/kg i voda za piće sa 150 mg/L propiltiouracila (Se-PTU+). Posle tri i sedam nedelja tretmana, sve Se – životinje su imale značajno nižu koncentraciju Se i aktivnosti GPx1 i GPx3 u punoj krvi. PTU je izazvao značajno smanjenje koncentracije T4 i T3 u krvnoj plazmi nakon tronedeljnog tretmana u obe PTU+ grupe. Štaviše, posle sedam nedelja, nivo T3 je bio blizu donje granice detekcije kod Se – životinja. Nakon tri i sedam nedelja tretmana uočena je ne- gativna korelacija između aktivnosti GPx i koncentracije T3. Ovo bi moglo da ukaže na postojanje inhibitornog uticaja hormona štitne žlezde na ekspresiju i/ili aktivnosti GPx enzima u odnosu na raspoloživi Se u uslovima koje je izazvalo sistemsko smanjenje koncentracije T4. Ovaj efekat je bio posebno izražen kod Se-deficitnih životinja
Molecular prevalence of MecA and MecC genеs in coagulasе-positive staphylococci isolated from dogs with dermatitis and otitis in Belgrade, Serbia: a one year study
Get PDFThe escalating global concern of antimicrobial resistance in human and veterinary
medicine is exacerbated by the inappropriate prescription of antibiotics for bacterial
infections in companion animals. This study aimed to determine the distribution of
coagulase-positive staphylococci causing clinical skin and ear infections in dogs and to
determine methicillin-resistant isolates. A total of 78 staphylococcal strains were isolated
from clinical samples taken from patients at the Dermatology Clinic at the Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine in Belgrade, Serbia. Multiplex PCR was used for species-specific
identification, and mecA and mecC genes were used to determine methicillin resistance,
in addition to phenotypic determination, MIC values and detection of PBP2a. Out of
the 78 samples analyzed, 65.8% were identified as Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, 22.4% as
S. aureus, 7.9% as S. coagulans, and 3.9% as S. intermedius. Four S. aureus isolates exhibited
methicillin resistance confirmed by cefoxitin disk diffusion, while five were confirmed
with MIC testing and latex agglutination. MecA gene was detected in 29.4% of S. aureus
and 30% of S. pseudintermedius isolates. These isolates were classified as methicillin-
resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP),
respectively. No isolates carried the mecC gene. This study provides insights into the
prevalence of CoPS species and methicillin resistance in isolates from dogs. Continued
surveillance is essential to monitor and understand the emergence and dissemination of
antimicrobial resistance in veterinary medicine and the results of this study accent the
need for establishment of a continuous antimicrobial resistance surveillance program
in the Republic of Serbia
Leukogram of common bent-wing bats (miniopterus schreibersii) infested with hemosporidian parasites
No full textHemosporidian parasites are known intraerythrocytic pathogens in humans and animals. Although they are carriers of viruses, bacteria and parasites, bats stay apparently healthy, with limiting self-damaging inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to estimate white blood cell (WBC) count and leukogram, in a population (n=16) of Common bent-wing bats (Miniopterus schreibersii), with hemosporidia detected on blood smears. For each animal, blood sample was drawn from the saphenous vein, into heparin-coated syringe, and blood smears were made. Romanowsky-stained smears were assessed microscopically at 40× HPF for estimation of WBC count (average number×2000), and at 100× HPF for percentage of different leukocyte types: neutrophils, lymphocytes – large, small, large granulated, and small granulated, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils. The smears were also used for evaluation of the level of parasitemia, based on the number hemosporidian macrogametocytes per field (100×). Semiquantitative evaluation of WBCs resulted in 6.7 (3.2-18.0) (median; minimum- maximum value) × 106/mL, with following distribution: neutrophils 42.5 (19.0-67.0) %, lymphocytes 43 (17.0-70.0) %, monocytes 4.0 (1.0-8.0) %, eosinophils 9.0 (2.0-17.0) %, and basophils 0.0 (0.0-2.0) %. Among detected lymphocytes, large accounted for 12 (7.0-26.0) %, small 16.5 (5.0-51.0) %, large granulated 6.0 (0.0-17.0) %, and small granulated 2.0 (0.0-5.0) %. The number of hemosporidian macrogametocytes per field was 1.0 (0.0-4.0) at 500 detected red blood cells. The large range in total WBC count and differential formula possibly shows different immune responses that vary with age, the presence of other infections and parasites, and the level of stress response during capturing.Abstract Boo
Najvažnije zoonoze u kliničkoj veterinarskoj praksi
No full textPrema Svetskoj zdravstvenoj organizaciji (SZO), svaka bolest ili infekcija koja se prirodno prenosi sa kičmenjaka na ljude ili sa ljudi na životinje je klasifikovana kao zoonoza. Termin „zoonoze“ potiče od grčke reči „zoon“, što znači životinja, i „nosos“,što znači bolest. Od svih bolesti koje su uzrokovane patogenim uzročnicima, oko 61% su zoonotske prirode. a približno 75% novootkrivenih zaraznih bolesti su zoonoze.
Na osnovu etiologije, zoonoze se dele na bakterijske zoonoze ( antraks, salmoneloza, tuberkuloza, lajmska bolest, bruceloza, kuga), zoonoze virusne etiologije (besnilo, ebola, ptičiji grip), parazitske zoonoze (trihineloza, toksoplazmoza, trematodoza, đardijaza, malarija, ehinokokoza), zoonoze uzrokovane gljivicama (Microsporum canis), rikecijalne zoonoze (K-groznica), hlamidijske zoonoze (psitakoza), zoonoze izazvane mikoplazmama ( Micoplasma pneumoniae), protozooske zoonoze i bolesti uzrokovane acelularnim, nevirusnim patogenim agensima, prionima (spongiformne encefalopatije). Zoonozama, kao profesionalnom oboljenju su posebno izloženi veterinari, studenti veterinarske medicine, stočari i vlasnici kućnjih ljubimaca. Istraživanja pokazuju da se procenat veterinara koji su se razboleli nekom od zoonoza, kreće između 16,7% i 64%.Zbornik radova i kratkih sadržaj
The prevalence and characterization of porcine parvovirus 2 in wild boar populations
No full textSvinjski parvovirus 2 (PPV2) je nedavno klasifikovani virus koji se dovodi u vezu sa kompleksom respiratornih oboljenja svinja i sve češće predstavlja predmet ispitivanja imajući u vidu njegov potencijalni ekonomski značaj u svinjarstvu. Naša studija je imala za cilj ispitivanje rasprostranjenosti i genetsku karakterizaciju PPV2 u populacijama divljih svinja kao vrste koja predstavlja značajan rezervoar velikog broja patogena. Anlizirani su organi (slezina i limfni čvorovi) poreklom od 128 jedinki primenom metode qPCR pri čemu je zabeležen veliki broj uzoraka (40%) pozitivnih na prisustvo genoma PPV2. Navedeni rezultati ukazuju na rasprostranjenost ovog virusa u divljim populacijama svinja što može predstavljati rizik po domaće svinje. U cilju ispitivanja genetskih karakteristika odabranih sojeva PPV2, izvršena je filogenetska analiza kompletnih gena koji kodiraju sintezu kapsida virusa. Rezultati ovih ispitivanja pokazali su postojanje sličnosti sa sojevima detektovanim u Evropi i Kini što je u skladu sa globalnom distribucijom i genetskim diverzitetom ovog uzročnika. Naši rezultati ukazuju na značaj divljih svinja kao rezervoara PPV2 i naglašava se važnost kontinuiranog ispitivanja uzoraka kako u populaciji divljih, tako i domaćih svinja u cilju boljeg razumevanja načina prenošenja i genetskih promena virusa tokom vremena, a sve u cilju određivanja uloge PPV2 u patologiji ovih životinja.Porcine parvovirus 2 (PPV2) is an emerging pathogen associated with porcine respiratory disease complex, garnering increasing attention due to its potential impact on animal health and economic implications for the pork industry. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence and genetic diversity of PPV2 in wild boar populations, which are important reservoirs of various pathogens. A total of 128 wild boars were sampled, and the presence of PPV2 was detected using qPCR. The results revealed a high prevalence of PPV2, with 40% of the samples testing positive. This high detection rate underscores the widespread nature of PPV2 in wild boars and highlights the potential risk these animals pose to domestic pig herds. To further understand the genetic characteristics of the detected PPV2 strains, phylogenetic analysis was performed on the whole capsid gene of selected positive samples. The analysis demonstrated that the PPV2 strains from wild boars in this study share significant genetic similarities with strains previously identified in Europe and China, indicating a broad geographical distribution and genetic diversity of the virus. These findings underscore the importance of wild boars as potential reservoirs of PPV2, which could pose a risk to domestic pig populations. The study highlights the necessity for ongoing surveillance and molecular characterization of PPV2 in wild and domestic swine to better comprehend the epidemiology, transmission dynamics, and evolutionary patterns of the virus, and contributes valuable insights into the prevalence and genetic diversity of PPV2, enhancing our understanding of its role in the health dynamics of swine populations.Zbornik radova i kratkih sadržaj
Contact pododermatitis in broiler chickens – pathological aspect
No full textИнтензивирањем бројлерске производње дошло је до значајног повећања преваленције различитих патолошких стања чија основна етиологија почива у самом технолошком процесу производње. Појава контактног дерматитиса на плантарној кожи екстремитета („foot pad dermatitis“), затим на скочном зглобу („hock burns“) и на грудима („breast burns“) данас представља врло раширену појаву у интензивној производњи, наносећи значајне економске губитке услед смањеног прираста и одбацивања трупова на линији клања. Поред интензивирања бројлерске производње значајан утицај на њихову појаву имају исхрана, услови и начин држања (врста простирке) и генетска предиспозиција. Најзначајнији фактор ризика за настанак лезија је влажна простирка посебно у комбинацији са штетним дејством амонијака. Појава лезија има веома велики значај као индикатор добробити имајући у виду да постоје претпоставке да су установљене лезије врло болне и да често онемогућавају нормално кретање пилића.
Макроскопским прегледом лезија на плантарној површини уочавају се инфламаторне лезије праћене некрозом на јастучићима табана и/или на прстима. Лезије се ређе могу установити на тибиометатарзалним зглобовима. Код благог облика постоји дисколорација на кожи, хиперкератоза, а у тежим случајевима јавња се едем, ерозије и улцерације.
Хистопатолошки, благе лезије се карактеришу умереном хиперплазијом и/или хиперкератозом епидермиса, конгестијом и едемом, уз присуство благог инфламаторног инфилтрата у форми периваскулитиса и субепителијалне инфилтрације мононуклеарним ћелијама и мањим бројем гранулоцита. Умерене суперфицијелне лезије се карактеришу врло израженом хиперплазијом и хиперкератозом епидермиса, егзоцитозом, појавом пустула и красти, конгестијом и инфилтрацијом дермиса мононуклеарним и гранулоцитиним инфилтратом. Тешке, дубоке лезије се карактеришу некрозом епидермиса који је замењен некротичним гнојним садржајем, појавом гранулационог ткива, израженом инфламаторном инфилтрацијом (периваскулитис и субепителна инфилтрација) доминантно хетерофилним гранулоцитима и мононуклеарним ћелијама.
Имајући у виду да је појава контактног дерматитиса све учесталија појава како на фармама бројлерских пилића тако и на кланици приликом прегледа трупова на линија клања неопходно је имплементирати програм контроле овог патолошког стања и на тај начин побољшати добробит и обезбедити производњу квалитетног и безбедног пилећег меса.The intensification of broiler production has led to a significant increase in the prevalence of various pathological conditions, whose basic etiology lies in the production process itself. The occurrence of contact dermatitis on the plantar skin of extremities ("foot pad dermatitis"), then on the hock joint ("hock burns"), and on the breasts ("breast burns") is today a very widespread phenomenon in intensive production, causing significant economic losses due to reduced growth and carcass rejection on the slaughter line. In addition to the intensification of broiler production, significant factors influencing their occurrence are nutrition, housing conditions (type of bedding), and genetic predisposition. The most significant risk factor for lesion formation is wet bedding, especially in combination with the harmful effects of ammonia. The occurrence of lesions is very important as an indicator of welfare, considering that there are assumptions that established lesions are very painful and often prevent normal chicken movement. Macroscopic examination of lesions on the plantar surface reveals inflammatory lesions accompanied by necrosis on the foot pads and/or toes. Lesions are less commonly found on the tibiotarsal joints. In mild forms, discoloration of the skin, hyperkeratosis, and in severe cases, edema, erosions, and ulcerations occur. Histopathologically, mild lesions are characterized by moderate epidermal hyperplasia and/or hyperkeratosis, congestion and edema, with the presence of mild inflammatory infiltrate in the form of perivasculitis and subepithelial infiltration of mononuclear cells and a small number of granulocytes. Moderate superficial lesions are characterized by very pronounced epidermal hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis, exocytosis, appearance of pustules and crusts, congestion, and infiltration of the dermis with mononuclear and granulocytic infiltrate. Severe, deep lesions are characterized by epidermal necrosis replaced by necrotic purulent content, appearance of granulation tissue, pronounced inflammatory infiltration (perivasculitis and subepithelial infiltration) predominantly with heterophilic granulocytes and mononuclear cells. Considering that the occurrence of contact dermatitis is becoming more frequent both on broiler farms and in slaughterhouses during carcass examination on the slaughter line, it is necessary to implement a control program for this pathological condition and thus improve welfare and ensure the production of quality and safe poultry meat.Zbornik kratkih sadržaj