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Bioactive peptides in ripened cheeses - doubt or true benefit in diet
No full textMilk and dairy products take important place in human diet. Diets containing a significant proportion of these products are rich in nutrients and provide a balanced ratio of essential components required for proper growth, development, and physiological function of the human body. Milk contains high-quality proteins, amino acids, triglycerides, polar lipids, lactose, and oligosaccharides, as well as essential micronutrients such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, and zinc. Cheese is well-tolerated fermented dairy product consumed worldwide represents a rich source of high-quality protein (mainly casein), lipids, minerals (e.g., calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium), and vitamins (e.g., vitamin A, K2, B2, B12, and folate), probiotic microorganisms and bioactive molecules (e.g., bioactive peptides, lactoferrin, short-chain fatty acids, and milk fat globule membrane), which may provide various health benefits. In contrast, cheese may contain saturated fats and salt, which are unfavorable dietary components for cardiovascular health. Since the health effects of cheese consumption remain a matter of controversy, the aim of this review is to highligt the benefit role of ripened cheeses and biioactive peptides. Bioactive peptides are released during cheese ripening process through the action of proteases and peptidases sinthetised by both starter and non-starter lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Cheeses available at local markets in the Republic of Serbia are produced in individual households, either from raw or boiled milk, originating from different geographical regions. In the production of these cheeses, coagulation is achieved by adding rennet to milk, without use of known starter cultures, which implies that ripening process is driven solely by the natural microbiota of milk. In the industrial production, starter cultures of LAB and proteolytic enzymes are additionally employed. According to current legislative, cheeses are classified as non-ripened and ripened cheeses in retail. Ripened cheeses are defined as chesees with aging process during which, under controlled conditions, biochemical and physical changes occur, leading to the development of specific sensory properties. In the Republic of Serbia fresh, non-ripened are dominant cheses in diet Thus, in long-ripened cheeses, bioactive peptides are generated, with their concentration increasing up to two months of ripening, followed by a decline due to hydrolysis. They are sequences of 5 to 30 amino acids, which may, beyond their nutritional value, exert beneficial effects on human health. These biopeptides have been attributed with antihypertensive, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancerogenic and immunomodulatory activities. The target group of consumers of such cheeses should primarily include adults over the age of thirty, due to their increased predisposition to cardiovascular and other diseases. The activity of ACE-inhibitory peptides depends on the bacterial strain involved in casein hydrolysis, as each strain possesses distinct proteases and genotypic variants determining cleavage sites and peptide sequences. Lactobacillus helveticus, originally used as a starter culture for Swiss-type cheeses has proven to be an effective culture for producing various cheese types. France and Spain, two European countries with well developed dairy industries, demonstrate interesting examples of different patterns for cheese consumption and their possible health consequences. In conclusion, even the scientific evidence is still insufficient to declare cheeses as a natural antihypertensive agent, it is evident that moderate consumption of fermented milk products such as long-ripened cheeses can represent a valuable component of a healthy and functional diet promoting cardiovascular health.Congress boo
The influence of climate factors on the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths of small ruminants in spread Belgrade area
No full textSmall ruminants in spread Belgrade are usually kept under semi-intensive (pasture/stable) condition. One of the main health problems in this kind of producing system is connected to infestation with parasites, which results in direct and indirect economical losses. During study we collected fecal samples at monthly intervals. We examined 870 fecal samples from 34 flocks. Examination was performed using standard coprological technique and Eggs per gram count (EPC) and degree of infection we assessed by McMaster technique. In our study we established the following genera of gastrointestinal helminths: Trichostrongylus spp., Nematodirus spp., Ostertagia spp., Haemonchus spp., Chabertia ovina, Cooperia spp., Oesophagostomum spp., Marshallagia spp., Skrjabinema capre and Bunostomum spp. The epidemiology of the helminth parasitic diseases therefore depends on factors such as the infection pressure in the environment and the susceptibility of the host species (or individual). The life cycles of all found helminths species are direct, requiring no intermediate hosts, which applies to all of the economically important strongylid parasites of small ruminants. In these cycles, adult female parasites in the GI tract produce eggs that are passed out with the faeces of the animal. Development occurs within the faecal mass, the eggs embryonate and hatch into first-stage larvae (L1), which in turn moult into second-stage larvae (L2), shedding their protective cuticle in the process. The L2 moult into third-stage larvae (L3), but retain the cuticle from the previous moult. The L3 constitute the infective stage, and these migrate onto surrounding vegetation where they become available for ingestion by grazing sheep and goats.The development, survival and transmission of the free-living stages of nematode parasites are influenced by micro-climatic factors within the faecal pellets and herbage. These include sunlight, temperature, rainfall, humidity and soil moisture.Proceeding boo
Setaria tundra in roe deer from the Republic of Srpska and analysis of genetic diversity of european isolates
No full textSetaria tundra (Issaitshikoff and Raewskaya, 1928) је превалентна филарија код срнеће дивљачи, која паразитира у абдоминалној шупљини. Последња епидемиолошка испитивања у Европи указују да је ова врста значајно проширила дистрибуцију паразитирања. Током 2024. године ова врста је нађена код двије, од укупно 31 прегледане срне у Републици Српској. Патолошке промјене нису утврђене. Да би се анализирао диверзитет ове врсте у Европи, извршена је амплификација митохондријалног COI гена и урађено је секвенцирање. Из генске базе је у анализу укључено укупно 49 изолата, који су подвргнути филогенетском испитивању. Анализом секвенци митохондријалних гена утврђен је значајан број хаплотипова, који не показују популациону диференцијацију усљед високог протока гена. Тестови неутралности потврђују да је дошло до експанзије врсте и да су на дјелу биле силе позитивне природне селекције, условљене промјеном фактора спољне средине.Setaria tundra (Issaitshikoff and Raewskaya, 1928) is a prevalent filarial parasite of deer that parasitizes in the abdominal cavity. Recent epidemiological studies in Europe indicate that this species has significantly expanded its parasitism distribution. In 2024, this species was found in two out of a total of 31 roe deer examined in the Republic of Srpska. No pathological changes were detected. In order to analyze the diversity of this species in Europe, the mitochondrial COI gene was amplified and sequenced. A total of 49 isolates were included in the analysis from the gene bank, which were subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Analysis of mitochondrial gene sequences revealed a significant number of haplotypes that do not show population differentiation due to high gene flow. Neutrality tests confirm that the species has expanded and that positive natural selection forces caused by changing environmental factors were partly responsibleZbornik radov
Diseases of the colon intestinal of dogs
No full textУчесталост појављивања обољења дебeлог црева је вероватно много већа него што се мисли. Под болестима дебелог црева углавном подразумевамо болести колона, код којих је основни симптом дијареја. Поред дијареје, у патологији дебелог црева значајно заузима констипација. Од дијагностичких процедура које се користе за добијање дефинитивне дијагнозе обољења дебелог црева су општи клинички преглед, копролошки преглед, целокупна хематологија, имџинг дијагностика са колоноскопијом, која укључује и биопсију слузнице дебелог црева.The incidence of colon diseases is probably much higher than is thought. By colon diseases we mainly mean diseases of the colon, in which the main symptom is diarrhea. In addition to diarrhea, constipation plays a significant role in colon pathology. Diagnostic procedures used to obtain a definitive diagnosis of colon diseases are general clinical examination, stool examination, complete hematology, imaging diagnostics with colonoscopy that includes a biopsy of the colon mucosa.Zbornik radov
Combating AMR in North Macedonia: the role of veterinary vaccines
No full textVeterinary medicine is critical at the intersection of animal health, food safety, and public health. As a tightly regulated profession, veterinarians are tasked with the prevention and control of diseases in animals but also with safeguarding the quality of animal derived food products through sustainable and responsible practices. A key area of concern in recent years has been the global rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR), driven largely by the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in both human and veterinary medicine. With the effectiveness of antibiotics waning, the world now faces the looming threat of a post antibiotic era, where common infections may once again become life
threatening. Recognising this urgent threat, the international community has mobilised to reduce antimicrobial use (AMU), particularly in agrifood systems. The 79th United Nations General Assembly issued a declaration targeting a substantial reduction in AMU by 2030, with 47 countries further committing, through the Muscat Manifesto, to cut AMU by 30 50% within the same timeframe. Achieving these targets will be especially challenging in regions where demand for livestock products is increasing due to population growth and rising incomes. Therefore, innovative, preventive strategies are essential. One of the most promising and underutilised tools in this fight is vaccination. Veterinary vaccines are essential for preventing infectious diseases in animals, reducing the need for antibiotics, and ultimately limiting the emergence and spread of resistant microorganisms. By reducing infection rates, vaccines not only enhance animal health and welfare but also contribute significantly to food security and public health, particularly by preventing zoonotic diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans. Despite their proven effectiveness, veterinary vaccines remain underused in many parts of the world. Limited market access, delayed availability, and a general lack of awareness about the broader benefits of vaccination continue to hinder progress. Public understanding and professional commitment must be strengthened to achieve wider vaccine coverage and greater impact. This presentation explores the critical role of veterinary vaccines in combating antimicrobial resistance, highlighting their preventive potential and long term economic and health benefits. It also delves into current trends within the European Union's veterinary vaccine market and presents an overview of the market landscape in the Republic of North Macedonia. As the world seeks sustainable solutions to AMR, vaccines offer a powerful, proactive path forward one that must be prioritised and expanded.Book of Abstract
Emerging challenges in milk safety due to mycotoxin contamination: control strategies and regulatory perspectives
No full textMilk is a fundamental component of human nutrition, particularly for vulnerable populations such as infants and the elderly. Milk safety is increasingly challenged by mycotoxin contamination, since as secondary metabolites, mycotoxins are produced by fungi, primarily Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium species. However, mycotoxin contamination in dairy products represents a significant food safety concern and serious health hazard, with aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) being the most strictly regulated due to its carcinogenic and mutagenic potential. The presence of AFM1 in milk is directly linked to the consumption of contaminated feed by dairy animals, highlighting the need for an integrated approach to ensure milk safety from farm to consumer due to comprehensive control measures throughout the dairy chain. Climate change, evolving agricultural practices, shifts in feed production, and global trade are further complicating mycotoxin risk management in the dairy production. The aim of this research was to discuss key factors influencing mycotoxin occurrence in milk, emphasizing the importance of risk prevention at the feed level regulatory perspectives on their control, and sustainable mitigation strategies. Emphasis should be placed on preventive measures at the farm level, including proper feed management, risk assessment tools, and the potential of biological detoxification approaches. While regulatory frameworks set maximum level for AFM1, variations between countries create challenges in harmonization and enforcement further complicating risk management in dairy production. Additionally, the emergence of new fungal metabolites and co-occurring mycotoxins raises concerns about potential risks that remain insufficiently addressed. This study highlights the importance of preventive approaches, including improved feed quality management, early risk assessment, and farm-level interventions, in reducing mycotoxin contamination in milk. Innovative strategies, including the use of biological detoxification agents and novel feed additives could be used as potential solutions for reducing mycotoxin transfer into milk. In conclusion, strengthening collaboration among dairy producers, regulatory bodies, and scientific institutions is essential for minimizing milk mycotoxin contamination risks and ensuring consumer protection. Moreover, by integrating science-based strategies, regulatory alignment, and stakeholder collaboration, the dairy industry can strengthen food safety efforts and ensure consumer protection in an increasingly complex global market.Book of Abstract
Detection of vector-borne pathogens from ectoparasites collected from wild carnivores
No full textДивље карниворе (као пто су вукови, шакали, лисице, јазавци, дивље мачке) су присутни у Србији у стабилним популацијама. Поједине врсте, као што је златни шакал (Canis aureus), су у експанзији последњих деценија долазећи све чешће у контакт са људима у приградским и градским стаништима. Биодиверзитет ектопаразита дивљих карнивора у Србији је велики, те више врста крпеља (Acari: Ixodidae), бува (Insecta: Siphonaptera), ваши (Insecta: Phthiraptera), шугараца (Arachnida: Sarcoptidae) паразитирају на њима укључујући се на тај начин у циклусе преношења и ширења векторима преносивих патогена. Циљ нашег рада је био да детектујемо присуство векторима преносивих патогена из ектопаразита дивљих карнивора, ради увида у њихове циклусе преношења у природи и потенцијлну опасност популације дивљих карнивора за људе на испитиваним територијама. Са укупно 122 животиње током 2022. и 2023. године је прикупљено 68 крпеља и 254 буве на територији Срема, града Београда и Браничевског округа. После идентификације ектопаразита урађена је детекција одабраних патогена (узрочника бабезиозе, бартонелозе, Anaplasma phagocitophilum, A. platys, Ehrlichia canis, Hepatozoon canis, Citauxzoon felis, крпељског енцефалитиса, грознице Западног Нила). Идентификација врста крпеља и бува је урађена применом идентификационих кључева за морфолошку идентификацију. После хомогенизације појединачких узорака и изолације укупне ДНК, детекција патогена је урађена применом молекуларних метода детекције (конвенционални и qPCR). Резултати су показали да су у популацији ектопаразита присутни крпељи врста Ixodes ricinus, Deramacentor reticulatus, Hemaphysalis punctata, Rhipicephalus bursa и буве врста Ctenocephalides canis, C. felis, Pulex irritans, Ceratophylus gallinae, Xenopsylla cheopsis. Детектовано је присуство H. canis, Babesia spp. у прикупљеним крпељима, те Bartonella spp. у узорцима бува. Комплексна интеракција вектора, векторима преносивих патогена и домаћина утиче на циклусе преношења и ширења болести у природи. Изузетак нису ни дивље карниворе Србије, те је праћење ове популације и њеног здравственог стања веома важно.Wild carnivores (such as wolves, jackals, foxes, badgers, and wild cats) are present in Serbia in stable populations. Some species, such as the golden jackal (Canis aureus), have been expanding in recent decades, increasingly coming into contact with humans in suburban and urban area. The biodiversity of ectoparasites of wild carnivores in Serbia is high, with various species of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae), fleas (Insecta: Siphonaptera), lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera), and mange mites (Arachnida: Sarcoptidae) parasitizing them, thus becoming involved in the cycles of transmission and spread of vector-borne pathogens. The aim of our study was to detect the presence of vector-borne pathogens in ectoparasites of wild carnivores to gain insight into their transmission cycles in nature and the potential danger wild carnivore populations pose to humans in the examined territories. A total of 122 animals were examined during 2022 and 2023, resulting in the collection of 68 ticks and 254 fleas in the territories of Srem, the city of Belgrade, and the Braničevo district. After identifying the ectoparasites, we conducted the detection of selected pathogens (Babesia spp., Bartonella spp., Anaplasma phagocitophilum, A. platys, Ehrlichia canis, Hepatozoon canis, Cytauxzoon felis, tick-borne encephalitis virus, West Nile virus). The identification of tick and flea species was performed using identification keys for morphological identification. After homogenizing individual samples and isolating total DNA, pathogen detection was carried out using molecular methods (conventional and qPCR). The results showed that the ectoparasite population included ticks of the species Ixodes ricinus, Dermacentor reticulatus, Hemaphysalis punctata, Rhipicephalus bursa, and fleas of the species Ctenocephalides canis, C. felis, Pulex irritans, Ceratophyllus gallinae, and Xenopsylla cheopsis. The presence of H. canis, Babesia spp. in the collected ticks, and Bartonella spp. in flea samples were detected. The complex interaction of vectors, vector-borne pathogens, and hosts influences the cycles of transmission and disease spread in nature. Wild carnivores in Serbia are no exception, and monitoring this population and its health status is crucial.Zbornik kratkihsadržaj
The importance of applying different diagnostic methods for determining therapy in dogs infected with the nematodes Capillaria boehmi and Dirofilaria spp.
No full textУ популацији паса Босне и Херцеговине циркулишу Dirofilaria repens и D. immitis, у виду појединачних и мешовитих инфекција. Досадашња истраживања кардио-респираторних паразита у Босни и Херцеговини, доказала су 2016. присуство нематоде Capillaria (Eucoleus) boehmi код 64.6% црвених лисица. Иако не постоје извјештаји о налазу ове капиларије код паса, велика је вјероватноћа да су бројни пси у БиХ инфицирани. Одсуство података се може објаснити чињеницом да је паразитолошка дијагностика била базирана искључиво на резултатима копролошке претраге до нивоа рода. Неискуство прегледача, непотпуни епизоотиолошки и анамнестички подаци о случају и недостатак сензитивнијих метода претраге, само су неки од додатних разлога. Током јануара 2025. у циљу провјере ефикасности антипаразитског третмана, методом гравитационе флотације претражен је фецес четири службена пса расе белгијски овчар из сјеверног подручја Босне и Херцеговине. Моноинфекција врстом C. boehmi утврђена је код три пса. Испитивањем узорака крви ових паса методом по Кнот-у утврђене су ларве D. repens. Серолошки резултат на антиген D. immitis био је негативан. PCR претрагом, употребом прајмера специфичних за врсту филарије, потврђен је налаз D. repens и искључено је присуство D. immitis. За терапију С. boehmi, која паразитира у носним и синусним шупљинама, препоручује се фенбендазол два пута дневно током 14 дана, или препарати из групе авермектина. Међутим, за третман дирофилариоза препоручује се опрезна употреба авермектинима због могућности настанка кардиоваскуларног шока услед наглог угинућа великог броја микрофиларија и могуће емболије плућа услед патогеног деловања ларви Л3 или одраслих нематода. Због наведених компликација клиничарима је од велике важности тачна дијагноза врста присутних дирофиларија и подаци о степену микрофиларијемије у крви, нарочито када се ради о високовредним псима. Циљ овог извјештаја је да се прикаже случај коинфекције С. boehmi и Dirofilaria spp. код паса и могућност комбинације метода микроскопске, серолошке и молекуларне дијагностике у разликовању инфекција врстама из рода Dirofilaria. Наведени дијагностички приступ је од посебног значаја за правилан избор терапије и ефикасан третман ових нематодоза.In the canine population of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Dirofilaria repens and D. immitis circulate both as single and mixed infections. Previous studies on cardio-respiratory parasites in Bosnia and Herzegovina have confirmed, in 2016, the presence of the nematode Capillaria (Eucoleus) boehmi in 64.6% of red foxes. Although there are currently no reported cases of C. boehmi in dogs, the likelihood that many dogs in Bosnia and Herzegovina are infected remains high. The absence of data can be explained by the fact that parasitological diagnostics traditionally have been based solely on coprological testing to the genus level. Additional factors include the inexperience of examiners, incomplete epidemiological or case-history data, and the lack of more sensitive diagnostic methods. In January 2025, to evaluate the efficacy of antiparasitic treatment, fecal samples from four Belgian Malinois service dogs from the northern region of Bosnia and Herzegovina were examined using the gravitational flotation method. Three of the dogs tested positive for C. boehmi infection. Blood samples from these dogs, examined by the Knott method, revealed microfilariae of D. repens. Serology for D. immitis antigen was negative. Using species specific filarial primers in a PCR assay, the presence of D. repens was confirmed, while D. immitis was negative. Treatment recommendations for C. boehmi, which inhabits the nasal and sinus cavities, include fenbendazole administered twice daily for 14 days or the use of avermectin-based products. However, caution is advised when treating dirofilariasis with avermectins due to the risk of cardiovascular shock resulting from the rapid death of large numbers of microfilariae, and the possible risk of pulmonary embolism caused by pathogenic L3 larvae or adult nematodes. Given these potential complications, accurate species-level identification of the filariae present, along with information on the degree of microfilaremia, is critical particularly in high-value dogs. The aim of this report is to present a case of co-infection with C. boehmi and Dirofilaria spp. in dogs, and to highlight the feasibility of combining microscopic, serological, and molecular diagnostic methods for differentiating Dirofilaria species. This diagnostic approach is especially important for selecting the appropriate therapy and effectively treating these nematode infections.Zbornik kratkih sadržaj
The significance of parasitological surveillance in deer and roe deer populations within Serbian hunting grounds
No full textУ Србији су европски јелен (Cervus elaphus L.) и јелен лопатар (Dama dama L.) аутохтоне врсте и заједно са срном (Capreolus capreolus L.), дивљом свињом и дивокозом представљају биолошки и економски вредније врсте крупне дивљачи, која има важну еколошку улогу у резерватима дивљих животиња. Ова студија презентује резултате копролошке претраге спроведене у периоду од 2019. до 2023. године код 289 дивљих преживара (158 јелена и 131 срне), из два ловишта у Војводини, која припадају Јавном предузећу „Војводинашуме“. Конвенционалним методама квалитативне и квантитативне копролошке дијагностике доказано је присуство протозоа (Eimeria spp. и Buxtonella sulcata), нематода (желудачно-цревне стронгилиде, Trichuris spp, Capillaria spp, Dictyocaulus spp. и Müelerius spp), цестода (Moniezia spp) и трематода (Fasciola hepatica, Fascioloides magna, Paramphistomum spp. i Dicrocoelium dendriticum) у виду појединачних и мешовитих инфекција. Методом копрокултуре извршена је изолација и идентификација узрочника паразитског гастроентеритиса. Укупна преваленција ендопаразитоза у Ловишту 1 износила је 89.77% код јелена и 92.85% код срна, а у Ловишту 2 72.97% код јелена и 85.96% код срна. Паразитски гастроентеритис је био најзаступљеније обољење јелена у Ловишту 1 (72.7%), као и јелена (52.7%) и срна (56.1%) у Ловишту 2 у виду инфекција средњег (250-800 ЕПГ) и високог (>800 ЕПГ) интензитета. Аноплоцефалидоза је доминирала код срна у Ловишту 1 (72.9%) у виду инфекција ниског интензитета (50-200 ЕПГ). Код јелена и срна утврђена је значајно већа преваленција коинфекција (p800 EPG) infection intensities. Anoplocephalidosis was dominant in roe deer from Hunting Ground 1 (72.9%) with low-intensity infections (50–200 EPG). A significantly higher prevalence of co-infections (p<0.05) was observed in deer and roe deer compared to mono-infections, with triple infections being the most frequent. Due to the impact of endoparasitoses on the health and reproductive status of deer and roe deer, as well as potential risks to the welfare of high-trophy deer specimens, continuous parasitological monitoring is of immense importance. By providing data on the prevalence and intensity of parasitic infections, the identification of risk factors influencing the occurrence, maintenance, and spread of parasitoses in wild ruminants is facilitated, thereby aiding in the development of health protection programs in hunting grounds and planning control strategies relevant to the hunting industry and public health.Zbornik kratkih sadržaj
Metagenomic analysis of viruses in rats reveals diversity and potential zoonotic risks
No full textСиви пацов (Rattus norvegicus) је широко распрострањен синантропски глодар познат по великом броју патогених микроорганизама које може преносити, укључујући и бројне зоонозне патогене. У овој студији спроведено је метагеномско секвенцирање како би се анализирале вирусне заједнице присутне код R. norvegicus у различитим окружењима – на урбаним депонијама, као и у приватним домаћинствима на којима бораве различите врсте животиња (коњи, овце, живина, свиње). Истраживање је спроведено на територији Војводине и града Београда. Након екстракције нуклеинских киселина, извршена је амплификација реверзна транскрипција и амплификација вирусних генома, припрема библиотеке и секвенцирање коришћењем Illumina платформе. Биоинформатичком обрадом добијених секвенци уклоњени су адаптера и нискоквалитетне секвенце, издвојени су секвенце пореклом од генома вируса које су поређени базама података вирусних генома и гена и извршена је таксономска класификација и функционална анотација. De novo састављање комплетних и делимичних вирусних генома омогућила је идентификацију и даљу карактеризацију вируса. Најчешће детектоване вирусне фамилије су Parvoviridae, Circoviridae, Smacoviridae, Totiviridae, Orthoherpesviridae, Microviridae, Picobirnaviridae, Picornaviridae, Astroviridae и Adenoviridae. Таксономском класификацијом откривено је присуство значајних зоонозних и животињских патогена, укључујући норовирус, орф вирус, неколико парвовируса и аденовируса, цирковирус, хепацивирус и рабдовирус. Један део вирусних секвенци није успешно класификован (највероватније услед значајне разлике у односу на податке присутне у бази података) што указује на велику разноликост вируса повезаних са сивим пацовима. Поређењем добијених података са јавно доступним вирусним заједницама сивог пацова утврђене су регионалне разлике и потврђујући његову улогу у еволуцији и ширењу вируса. Детекција вирусних секвенци сродних познатим зоонозним патогенима наглашава ризик од ширењу вируса на постојеће и потенцијално нове домаћине, што указује на потребу за континуираним надзором. Ова студија доприноси ширем разумевању вирусних заједница код сивог пацова и пружа кључне податке за процену појаве нових вируса са потенцијалним значајем за јавно здравље и здравље животињаThe Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) is a widely distributed synanthropic rodent known to have a diverse virome, including potential zoonotic pathogens. In this study, we performed metagenomic sequencing to characterize the viral communities present in R. norvegicus populations from various environments (urban waste sites (landfills and garbage dumps) and private agricultural households housing domestic animals such as horses, sheep, poultry and pigs). The research was conducted in the Vojvodina region and the city of Belgrade, Serbia. Following nucleic acid extraction, viral genome amplification, library preparation, and sequencing were carried out using the Illumina platform. Bioinformatics processing involved adapter and low-quality read removal, extraction of viral sequences, alignment against viral genome and gene databases, taxonomic classification, and functional annotation. De novo assembly of complete and partial viral genomes facilitated virus identification and further characterization. The most prevalent viral taxa detected were Parvoviridae, Circoviridae, Smacoviridae, Totiviridae, Orthoherpesviridae, Microviridae, Picobirnaviridae, Picornaviridae, Astroviridae and Adenoviridae. Taxonomic profiling revealed the presence of notable zoonotic and animal pathogens including Norovirus, Orf virus, multiple parvoviruses and adenoviruses, circovirus, hepacivirus and a divergent rhabdovirus. The viral contigs showed the presence of both previously recognized viral species and novel viral sequences, suggesting a broader diversity of rodent-associated viruses than previously documented. Comparative analysis with publicly available rodent viromes indicated regional variations, reinforcing the role of R. norvegicus as a key host in viral evolution and spread. The detection of viral sequences closely related to known zoonotic pathogens highlights the potential risk of spillover events, emphasizing the need for ongoing surveillance. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on rodent viromes and provides crucial data for assessing the emergence of novel viruses with public health significance.Zbornik kratkih sadržaj