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In ovo technique—a new promising tool for improving growth production results, yield and meat quality of broilers
No full textThe perinatal period (the last few days prior and after hatching) is currently recognized as the
most crucial time in the development of a young chick. During this time, the chicks undergo
metabolic and physiological shifts from the utilization of egg nutrients to exogenous feed.
Unlike mammals, embryonic development in avian species is an external process that occurs
in the absence of continuous maternal energy supply. Especially in the final third of incubation,
embryo development in birds becomes limited by the nutrient content present in the egg.
In ovo technology is defined as the direct application of various feed additives (amino acids,
hormones, vitamins, carbohydrates, minerals, prebiotics, probiotics), vaccines and nanoparticles
into different internal parts of the egg during the incubation period. This technique has
been recognized for its potential to improve digestive capacity, increase growth rate and feed
efficiency, reduce post-hatch mortality and morbidity, improve immune response to enteric
antigens, reduce incidence of developmental skeletal disorders, and increase muscle development
and breast meat yield. Nutrients like carbohydrates, amino acids, vitamins and trace
minerals were found to be most effective for the purpose of in ovo feeding
Effect of black pepper (Piper nigrum) and bay laurel (Laurus nobilis) essential oils on physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory properties of reduced-sodium restructured cooked ham
No full textThis study investigated the effects of black pepper (Piper nigrum, PEO) and bay laurel (Laurus nobilis, LEO) essential oils on the physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory properties of reduced-sodium restructured cooked ham. Seven formulations were tested: three controls with 1.4% (C14), 1% (C10), and 0.7% (C7) NaCl; two groups with 1% NaCl plus 0.1% PEO (P10) or 0.075% LEO (L10); and two groups with 0.7% NaCl plus 0.1% PEO (P7) or 0.075% LEO (L7). Water activity was lowest in C14 and significantly higher in the low-salt groups (C7, P7, L7) (p ≤ 0.05). Essential oils reduced pH values from days 7 to 21 of storage. The P7 and L7 groups showed significantly lighter, redder, and yellower color than C14 (p ≤ 0.05). TBARS values were significantly lower in EO-containing groups compared to their reduced-salt controls (p ≤ 0.05). During storage, PEO and LEO significantly reduced counts of total viable bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Brochothrix thermosphacta, and lactic acid bacteria (p ≤ 0.05), with P10 achieving microbiological quality comparable to the C14 group (p > 0.05). EO addition increased aroma, odor, spiciness, and bitterness (p ≤ 0.05), yet the overall acceptability of 0.1% PEO hams did not significantly differ from controls (p > 0.05). These results suggest that incorporating PEO and LEO can improve color stability, control microbial growth and lipid oxidation, and maintain sensory acceptability in reduced-salt-cooked ham, supporting their potential as natural additives in sodium reduction strategies
Application of infrared ocular thermography for welfare and meat quality assessment of slaughter pigs
No full textInfrared ocular thermography is a non-invasive tool used in the pork industry to quickly assess
animal stress and its impact on meat quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the
association between the infrared ocular temperature and blood indicators and meat quality
traits in slaughter pigs. The study was conducted on 60 market-weight pigs (average live
weight of about 110 kg and 6 months old) of the same genetics. Infrared ocular thermography
images were obtained immediately after stunning. Blood samples were collected at
exsanguination to determine glucose level and oxidative stress biomarkers, including advanced
oxidation protein products (AOPP), ceruloplasmin, reduced glutathione (GSH), total
antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS) and the oxidative stress index (OSI).
Meat quality traits, including pH, temperature, colour (L*, a* and b* values), water-holding
capacity (drip, thawing and cooking loss) and pork quality classes, were measured. Pigs
with infrared ocular temperatures above 32 ºC had higher plasma concentrations of GSH
and TOS. Pork obtained from the same group of pigs had higher cooking loss and a* value,
along with tendency towards higher L* and b* values. Furthermore, pigs with infrared ocular
temperatures above 32 ºC had higher tendency towards development of pale, firm and nonexudative
meat. These results indicate that elevated ocular temperature is linked to oxidative
stress and changes in meat quality, suggesting a connection between pre-slaughter stress and
post-mortem meat characteristics. In conclusion, infrared ocular thermography has potential
as rapid, non-invasive tool for assessing pig welfare and predicting pork quality
Survey on Serbian consumer acceptance of edible insects as alternative source of animal proteins
No full textThis study aimed to evaluate the state of public perception of edible insects as an alternative
source of animal proteins as part of the human diet in Serbia. Data were gathered via
an online survey involving 1,845 participants who completed a Google Forms questionnaire
shared via social media channels. The findings indicate that 37.8% of participants expressed
a willingness to consume edible insects. In comparison, only 8.5% of respondents reported
having previously consumed edible insects in some form (whole, processed as flour, or in
dishes). Logistic regression analysis revealed that women were more open to the possibility
of consuming edible insects as food compared to men. Additionally, 57.1% of participants
selected grasshoppers as the most suitable edible insect for consumption. The majority of
respondents preferred processed insects or dishes made from insects as the most favourable
way to consume them, rather than whole insects. Regarding the age of the participants and
willingness to consume edible insects, no statistical significance was determined between
different age class types. In conclusion, this study revealed that the population in Serbia
shows a low readiness to consume edible insects as an alternative source of animal proteins.
Furthermore, this study demonstrated a higher acceptability of processed insects as food,
which could be very useful for promoting specific market strategies in the future
Neuromuscular system of nematodes is a target of synergistic pharmacological effects of carvacrol and geraniol
No full textThe active ingredients of essential plant oils appear as potentially effective
antinematodal drugs or substances that can potentiate the action of already-existing
anthelmintics. So far, we have verified that, aside from the direct effect on the neuromuscular
system of nematodes, some of them can potentiate the effects of drugs that are
agonists or antagonists of nematode cholinergic receptors. Methods: In this study, the
antinematodal effects of geraniol and carvacrol were compared, as well as their interaction
in the experimental model Caenorhabditis elegans, on the contractile properties of Ascaris
suum neuromuscular preparations and on the ACR-16 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
(nAChR) of A. suum expressed in Xenopus leavis oocytes. Results: The combination of
geraniol and carvacrol showed a synergistic nematocidal effect in the tests on C. elegans,
reducing the value of individual LC50 by almost 10-times. This combination also exerted
a synergistic inhibitory effect on the contractions of A. suum, significantly increased the
EC50 of ACh and reduced the maximal contractile effect. The synergistic interaction of
these two monoterpenes on Asu-ACR-16 nAChR expressed in Xenopus oocytes resulted
in a significant decrease in the maximum current, while the ACh EC50 value remained
unchanged. Conclusions: Our findings provide a better understanding of the mode of
action of monoterpene plant compounds. The possible antiparasitic application of active
ingredients of essential plant oils that exhibit a synergistic anthelmintic effect represents an
important basis for the development of new drugs and new therapeutic procedures
Primena molekularnih metoda za detekciju i tipizaciju patogenih bakterija prenosivih hranom
No full textIzolacija i identifkacija bakterija prenosivih hranom ostaje nezamenjiva kao
potvrdna metoda u mikrobiologiji hrane. Međutim, savremena industrija hrane, ali i javno zdravstvo
zahtevaju primenu novih, brzih metoda za detekciju patogenih mikroorganizama prenosivih
hranom. Pored toga, tokom epidemioloških studija, uglavnom nije dovoljno da se izolati tipiziraju
do nivoa vrste i serotipa, već je neophodna i primena metoda tipizacije koje mogu napraviti
razliku između epidemiološki različitih, ali genetski srodnih izolata.
Generalno, metode tipizacije bakterija mogu se podeliti na dve velike grupe: fenotipske
metode tipizacije koje detektuju osobine ispoljene od strane mikroorganizama (na primer, serotipizacija,
fagotipizacija, rezistotipizacija) i genotipske metode tipizacije koje uključuju direktne
analize DNK (tehnike zasnovane na digestiji primenom restrikcionih enzima, tehnike zasnovane
na amplifikaciji, tehnike zasnovane na sekvencioniranju nukleotida). U poslednjih 30 godina,
brojne metode genotipizacije patogenih mikroorganizama prenosivih hranom su razvijene i
u velikoj meri su zamenile fenotipske metode. Pored toga, napredak u razvoju molekularnih
metoda pružio je alate visoke diskriminatorne moći koji su posebno mesto primene zauzeli pri
određivanju izvora kontaminacije hrane.
Ove metode, pored primene u rešavanju epidemija u cilju utvrđivanja srodnosti pojednih sojeva,
pružaju i jedan širi koncept od izuzetnog značaja za javno zdravlje, kao što su filogenetske
analize, karakterizacija i evolucija virulentnih gena, gena rezistencije i drugih relevantnih gena.
Nekada se za tipizaciju patogenih mikroorganizama prenosivih hranom koristila kombinacija
različitih fenotipskih i genotipskih metoda tipizacije. Razvoj metode sekvenciranja celog genoma
(Whole Genome Sequence analysis - WGS) ovu praksu gotovo da je u potpunosti zamenio,
čime je ova metoda postala nezamenjljiva u savremenoj mikrobiologiji hrane.Knjiga apstrakat
Dental disease in pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus): etiopathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and therapeutic approaches
No full textDental diseases, both congenital and acquired, are among the most
common and frequently encountered health and welfare concerns
in pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). They represent a complex,
polyetiological syndrome with a wide variety of clinical
manifestations. Primary etiological factors include congenital and
developmental abnormalities, trauma, inadequate nutrition
resulting in insufficient tooth wear, and metabolic bone disease
leading to osteopenia of the alveolar bones.
Clinical signs of dental disease may vary, and in its early stages the
syndrome can remain latent. The most common manifestations
include weight loss, reluctance to consume abrasive food,
hypersalivation, epiphora, dacryocystitis, changes in fecal output,
and poor general condition. When dental disease is suspected, a
comprehensive diagnostic workup — including thorough dental
examination under general anesthesia and appropriate imaging —
is recommended. Odontogenic abscesses and osteomyelitis are
common complications of dental disease, among the most difficult
to manage.
Treatment is multimodal and should be individualized; it may
include coronal reduction or amputation, intraoral and/or extraoral
tooth extractions, with pharmaceutical therapy as an important adjunct. The goal of treatment is to restore anatomy and function
as close to physiological as possible while addressing secondary
pathological changes such as infection. Preventive strategies,
including nutritional correction and regular dental monitoring,
remain the cornerstone of long-term management.Book of Abstract
A field trial to demonstrate the potential of a vitamin B diet supplement in reducing oxidative stress and improving hygienic and grooming behaviors in honey bees
No full textThe honey bee is an important insect pollinator that provides critical pollination services for natural and agricultural systems worldwide. However, inadequate food weakens honey bee colonies, making them vulnerable to various biotic and abiotic factors. In this study, we examined the impact of supplementary feeding on bees’ genes for antioxidative enzymes and vitellogenin, oxidative stress parameters, and the hygienic and grooming behavior. The colonies were divided into two experimental groups (with ten hives each): a treatment group that received the plant-based supplement and a control group. The experiment was conducted in two seasons, spring and summer. After the treatment, in both seasons, all the monitored parameters in the treatment group differed from those in the control group. The expression levels of genes for antioxidative enzymes were significantly lower, but the vitellogenin gene transcript level was significantly higher. Values of oxidative stress parameters were significantly lower. The levels of hygienic and grooming behavior were significantly higher. Therefore, our field study indicates that the tested supplement exerted beneficial effects on bees, reflected in reduced oxidative stress and enhanced hygienic and grooming behavior
The most important helminths infection of pigs in extensive breeding
No full textParasitic infections are constant companions of pig production, regardless of the method of breeding. They are equally found in farm and extensive rearing in all production and age categories of animals.Extensive pig breeding has a long tradition. Although this kind of behavior provides pigs with a much more comfortable life than farming (after all, organic production was developed on its principle), it also has many negative consequences for their health. Pigs are exposed to the risk of outbreaks of infectious and parasitic diseases that can cause large losses in production. Extensive and semi-extensive breeding means that pigs have direct contact with a multitude of transitional hosts of parasites, they are in contact with wild swine, and there is also frequent contamination of the area where they are discharged with the excrement of wild animals. Parasitic infections, along with other infectious diseases, are extremely common in this way of breeding. Infection is most often with biohelminths (Metastrongylus sp, causative agents of verminous gastritis, Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus) and zoonotic parasites to which pigs are transitional (Trichinella spiralis, Taenia solium, Ascaris ssum) or parent hosts (Alaria alata). There are also species that are equally present in extensive and farm farming, such as e.g. Trichuris suis, Oesophagostomum sp. or Strongyloideus ransomi
Turbidometrija u fotobiologiji – određivanje broja bakterija
No full textТурбидометрија представља широко примењивану технику у микробиологији за процену концентрације бактерија у течним културама. Мерењем оптичке густине (ОД) суспензије, истраживачи могу да прате динамику раста микроорганизама, процене ефикасност антимикробних агенаса и анализирају физиолошке одговоре бактерија. Овај рад разматра теоријске основе турбидометрије, методолошки оквир, примену у квантификацији бактерија и њена ограничења, са посебним освртом на антимикробна истраживања и савремене микробиолошке приступе