Procter & Gamble (United Kingdom)
Veterinar - Repository of the Faculty of Veterinary MedicineNot a member yet
5141 research outputs found
Sort by
The content and associated health risk assessment of toxic elements, micro-, and macrominerals in common carp, Wels catfish, and silver carp from the Danube River in Serbia
No full textThree fish species (common carp, Wels
catfish, and silver carp) were collected from three
locations along the Danube River in Serbia, and fish
meat was analyzed for the content of toxic elements,
micro- and macrominerals. Silver carp had the highest
lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd) content,
while Wels catfish had the highest level of mercury
(Hg). Moreover, metal pollution index (MPI)
ranged from 0.1096 to 0.275 and among the fish, the
silver carp had the highest MPI (from 0.21 to 0.28),
indicating that it could be reliable bioindicator of
river pollution. Maximum determined levels of As
(0.1968 mg/kg of w.w.), Hg (0.175 mg/kg of w.w.),
and Pb (0.0315 mg/kg of w.w.) did not exceed values
prescribed by the European Commission Regulation,
Codex Alimentarius Commission, Food and
Agriculture Organization (FAO), and national regulations,
but Cd in silver carp was at levels higher than prescribed (0.0808 mg/kg of w.w.). Furthermore, our
study’s results showed that the target hazard quotient
(THQ) of each analyzed element and hazard index
(HI) were < 1, indicating that consumers would not
be exposed to adverse health effects after consuming
these fish species from the Danube River. Regarding
target cancer risk (TR), for Pb this was below 10−
6,
which was regarded as negligible, while TRs for
As and Cr were between 10−
4 and 10−
6, which was
regarded as acceptable. Moreover, since the studied
fish had low values of health risk indexes, it could
be concluded that fish meat did not pose a significant
risk to human health
Upotreba hladne vode koja se aktivira plazmom za dezinfekciju stočarskih objekata
No full textOdržavanje odgovarajućih higijenskih uslova u stočarskim objektima je ključno
za obezbeđivanje zdravlja ljudi i životinja, ne zaboravljajući pritom na aspekt
zaštite životne sredine. Jedan od novijih i istovremeno održivih pristupa u antimikrobnoj
kontroli je upotreba hladne vode koja se aktivira plazmom. To je voda
koja je tretirana hladnom plazmom – naprednom tehnologijom oksidacije, te se u
njoj formiraju mnoge hemijske reakcije. Oni pokreću formiranje reaktivnih vrsta
kiseonika i azota, smanjuju pH vrednost i povećavaju oksidoredukcioni potencijal,
što su ključni faktori njene antimikrobne aktivnosti. Istraživanja su pokazala da
je hladna voda aktivirana plazmom efikasna protiv širokog spektra patogena, što
ukazuje na njenu moguću upotrebu u dezinfekciji stočnih objekata. Trenutno se
u tu svrhu najčešće koriste hemijska dezinfekciona sredstva, koja zbog ostataka
aktivnih jedinjenja nakon upotrebe mogu predstavljati rizik za životnu sredinu.
Nasuprot tome, voda koja se aktivira hladnom plazmom ne sadrži dodata hemijska
jedinjenja, što je čini održivom metodom antimikrobne kontrole.Zbornik radov
Pravilan izbor insekticida kao faktor uspešne regulacije brojnosti muva
No full textMu ve (Muscidae) predstavljaju veliki zdravstveni, ekološki i ekonomski izazov.
Njihova povećana brojnost na farmama negativno utiče na proizvodne rezultate
i zdravstveni status životinja, kvalitet i zdravstvenu ispravnost namirnica koje se
koriste u ishrani ljudi. Takođe, njihovo prisustvo u objektima za stanovanje ljudi,
naročito u zonama farmi, utiče na kvalitet života i predstavlja zdravstveni rizik.
U cilju prevencije prethodno navedenog neophodno je razviti efikasan pristup za
suzbijanje muva na farmama i objektima za ljude, vodeći računa sa jedne strane
o zdravlju farmskih životinja i zaposlenih na istim, kvalitetu i bezbednosti namirnica
koje vode poreklo sa farmskih objekata, kao i kvalitetu života i zdravlju ljudi
koji žive u stambenim objektima u neposrednoj blizini farmi. Danas se u skladu
sa principima biosigurnosti, dobre farmske prakse i standardima koji definišu bezbednost
hrane, razvijaju efikasne strategije suzbijanja muva u farmskim objektima,
kao i objektima u kojima stanuju ljudi, a definisane su kao „Integrisani model
upravljanja štetočinama (IPM)”, odnosno „Integrisani model upravljanja muvama
(IFM)”. Navedeni model predstavlja holistički pristup, koji kombinuje različite metode
i tehnike kako bi se postigla dugotrajna kontrola brojnosti populacije muva
na farmskim objektima i prvenstveno objektima za boravak ljudi koji se nalaze
u neposrednoj blizini istih. Cilj našeg rada je informisanje lokalnih veterinara sa
integrisanim modelom upravljanja muvama (IFM), uz poseban osvrt na pravilan
izbor insekticida, u cilju njihove efikasne primene u praksi.Zbornik radov
Insekticidi uvedeni u praksu krajem dvadesetog i početkom dvadeset prvog veka
No full textOtkrićem i uvođenjem u praksu raznih supstancija koji deluju štetno na insekte,
poznatih pod imenom insekticidi, nesumnjivo su ostvareni veliki, a moglo bi se reći
i grandiozni rezultati u zaštiti ljudi, životinja i biljaka od brojnih insekata. Kao što
je poznato, njihovom primenom su iskorenjene određene zarazne bolesti, olakšano
je suzbijanje i lečenje ektoparazitoza kod ljudi i životinja, te je unapređena i
povećana poljoprivredna proizvodnja. U cilju povećanja poljoprivredne proizvodnje
danas se u svetu na godišnjem nivou koristi velika količina (milioni tona) ovih
sredstava. Ovo pre svega iz razloga što je prevladalo mišljenje da je poljoprivredna
proizvodnja postala praktično nemoguća bez primene insekticida, ali i drugih
pesticida. Upravo navedene činjenice, odnosno ovakva primena insekticida, koja
je često i neracionalna, izaziva sve veću zabrinutost. Pored sve većeg razvoja rezistencije,
a time i smanjenja efikasnosti insekticida, postoji sve veća zabrinutost i za
zagađenje životne sredine. Nisu retki slučajevi svuda, pa i kod nas u našoj zemlji,
da stradaju neciljni insekti, odnosno korisni insekti tj. pčele, ali i drugi organizmi
u zemljištu i vodi. Cilj ovog rada je upravo da ukaže ne samo na moguće štete neracionalne
primene insekticida, već i da se navedu neki od insekticida, koji su se
pojavili na tržištu krajem prošlog i početkom ovog veka, te one biljnog porekla kao
potencijalne zamene za insekticide, koji se trenutno koriste.Zbornik radov
Nutritive value of inulin-collagen enriched low-fat emulsion type sausages
No full textHigh intake of food reach in saturated fat and calories could lead to
chronic non-infectious diseases in consumers. Meat products including
cooked emulsified sausages are considered as such type of food, so
different strategies for fat and energy reduction are widely investigated.
Inulin-collagen suspension showed good properties to completely
substitute fatty tissue in emulsified sausages. In this study, two groups
of sausages were produced in order to evaluate their nutritional properties:
control, containing 25% fatty tissue, and low-fat sausage
produced without fatty tissue and enriched with inulin-collagen suspension
instead. Low-fat sausage contained 0.9% fat, providing fat
reduction of 96.5% compared to the control. The sum of fatty acids
(SFA) and of trans-fatty acids was 0.31%. Caloric value was reduced for
78.1%, the share of proteins in total energy was 68.7%, and the share
of saturated fatty acids in total energy was only 3.9%. Despite the
addition of collagen and consequently significant increase in connective
tissue proteins content, the quality requirements given by the regulations
for the frankfurter type sausages were not disturbed, as
connective tissue free meat protein content was 10.1% and connective
tissue free meat proteins in meat proteins was 84.9%. The content of
potentially harmful SFA was 96% and of n-6 fatty acids 98% lower than
in the control group of products
Pre-slaughter conditions and related effects on welfare and meat quality of slaughter horses: a mini review
No full textIn recent years, horsemeat has gained recognition as a valuable dietetic food due to its low
caloric content, high-quality protein, rich vitamin and mineral composition and favourable
fatty acid profile, making it a suitable alternative meat for individuals with anaemia,
obesity, atherosclerosis, hypertension, organ diseases and compromised immunity. As with
other livestock species, minimising pre-slaughter stress is essential for ensuring animal welfare
and achieving high meat quality, as stress can result in bruising and/or other injuries.
Therefore, the aim of this review was to provide insights into the pre-slaughter conditions in
the horsemeat production chain and related effects on welfare and meat quality, which will in
turn expand knowledge in this area and determine directions for future research. Throughout
the pre-slaughter period, horses encounter multiple potential stressors that can compromise
their welfare and negatively affect carcass and meat quality. These stressors can arise at
various stages, including conditions at the point of purchase, loading, transport, unloading,
lairage, stunning and exsanguination. Pre-slaughter welfare conditions are significantly affected
by animal characteristics (age, gender, breed, temperament), the infrastructure at both
the point of purchase and the slaughterhouse, vehicle design, environmental conditions and
the quality of human-animal interactions. Since current recommendations on minimum floor
space in transport vehicles are insufficient and also clear guidelines on optimal lairage duration
for horses at slaughterhouses are lacking, further research is required to enhance horse
welfare across the meat production chain
Najčešći razlozi gubitaka jaganjaca u ranom uzgoju na našim farmama i kako ih spečiti
No full textNovorođena jagnjad su veoma osetljiva kategorija životinja, posebno kod visokoplodnih rasa.
Kod farmera se ovi gubici često zanemaruju i gotovo podrazumevaju. Opstanak ove grane stočarstva je uslovljen,
ili krajnje ekstenzivnim uzgojem (velik broj ovaca koje rađaju po jedno jagnje i uspešno samostalno brinu o
njemu) ili maksimalno intenzivnim uzgojem u zatvorenom sistemu držanja, sa rasama koje donose od 3 do 6
jaganjaca godišnje, gde se gubici moraju što bolje kontrolisati. U ovom radu su izneta neka naša iskustva iz ove
oblasti, kao i smernice koje mi, kao veterinari, uglavnom ne razmatramo zbog toga što se bolesti uglavnom
pojavljuju u akutnoj formi. One prolaze bez ili sa neuspešnom kurativom, umesto da se baziraju na preventivnim,
istovremeno i znatno uspešnijim zahvatima, kao i postupcima koji su našli „nemedicinsku“ ali vrlo praktičnu
primenu. Smatramo da veterinari moraju biti nosioci ovog znanja koji doprinose uspešnom vođenju farmi
Molecular and serological herd-level prevalence of Coxiella burnetii in bovine dairy herds in Montenegro
No full textIntroduction: Shedding of Coxiella burnetii through milk is significant, particularly in dairy cattle, making milk a potential source of infection for humans. The aims of this study were to estimate the individual and herd-level prevalence of C. burnetii on dairy cattle, and to assess potential public health risk.
Methodology: The study was conducted as a screening study in 95 randomly selected dairy herds from Montenegro from March to May 2019. No abortions, reproductive disorders, or human diseases were reported in these farms. In order to identify positive farms, anti-C. burnetii antibodies and C. burnetii DNA were detected in bulk tank milk (BTM) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), respectively. All animals from the positive farms were sampled twice, 2 months apart; the presence of C. burnetii DNA in individual milk samples and the presence of anti-C. burnetii antibodies in milk and blood serum was detected using qPCR and ELISA.
Results: The overall herd-level prevalence of C. burnetii was 9.47% (9/95). Analysis of individual milk samples in the positive farms revealed anti-C. burnetii antibodies and C. burnetii DNA in 13.48% and 4.49% of the cows, respectively. Antibodies were also detected in 15.73% of the blood samples. No significant differences were observed between the results obtained through serological and molecular examination on the same farm two months later.
Conclusions: Although a low presence was detected in the farms, public health risk cannot be excluded. Further research is needed for unravelling the current epidemiological situation in the country
Welfare on dairy cows in different housing systems: emphasis on digestive parasitological infections
No full textThe aim of this research was to assess welfare indicators in different dairy cow management systems, determine the prevalence of parasitic infections, and examine the impact of these infections on welfare indicators. This study was conducted in 2024 on 45 Holstein-Friesian cows aged 2 to 6 years (first to third lactation) in Northern Serbia. Monitoring was carried out in tie stall, loose, and pasture-based systems, covering three production phases: late dry period, clinical puerperium, and peak lactation. Cow welfare was evaluated using the Welfare Quality® protocol, and parasitological diagnostics from fecal samples. Identified welfare issues included a low body condition score (BCS), dirtiness of udders, flanks, and legs, integument alterations, nasal and ocular discharge, lameness, and diarrhea. Cows in the pasture-based system had significantly higher scores for dirtiness (p < 0.001), while those in tie stalls showed more integument alterations (p < 0.001). Loose-housed cows had higher nasal discharge scores (p < 0.001). Parasites identified included Eimeria spp., Buxtonella sulcata, gastrointestinal strongylids, Moniezia spp., Dicrocoelium dendriticum, Fasciola hepatica, and Paramphistomum spp. Significant correlations (p < 0.001) were found between certain welfare indicators and parasite infections, such as a low BCS with Eimeria oocysts and nasal discharge and hairless patches with Buxtonella sulcata and Dicrocoelium dendriticum. These data indicate needs for improving dairy cows’ welfare and the implementation of effective parasite control measures in all housing systems
The first proven case of aflatoxin poisoning of dogs in Serbia
No full textAflatoxins, secondary metabolites produced by fungi of the Aspergillus genus, are welldocumented
as contaminants in the food chain, posing significant risks to various species.
However, data on aflatoxin poisoning in pets, specifically dogs, remains limited. The aim of
this case report is to raise awareness about the susceptibility of dogs to aflatoxins and highlight
the need for stricter control and responsibility from all stakeholders, from feed manufacturers
to dog owners. This is particularly critical given the absence of specific regulations regarding
aflatoxins in pet food. The report describes an outbreak of aflatoxicosis in three dog shelters
in Serbia, involving 19 affected mongrel dogs that died within few days of the onset of
symptoms, making it one of the most severe cases on record. The affected dogs initially
showed sudden jaundice, characterized by a yellow discoloration of the oral mucosa, without
any preceding behavioral changes or obvious signs of health issues. Over the following days,
symptoms progressed to include loss of appetite, polydipsia, apathy, and depression.
Abdominal swelling developed, followed by bloody diarrhea and melena, ultimately leading
to death. Blood biochemical analyses revealed a significant increase in liver enzyme activity.
Despite symptomatic treatment attempts by veterinarians, all affected dogs died. Postmortem
examination revealed massive hemorrhage, icterus, and ascites as the most conspicuous
findings. Microscopic examination of liver tissue disclosed fibrosis and necrotic areas. In light
of the clinical and pathological evidence, samples of dog food from the shelters were tested
for aflatoxin content. Commercial dry dog food, which had been used for more than two
months, was found to contain an average aflatoxin level of 150 μg/kg. This is the first
confirmed case of chronic aflatoxicosis in dogs in Serbia, which culminated in fatal liver
failure