Procter & Gamble (United Kingdom)
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Modern diagnostic and therapy standards in rodents, rabbits and African pygmy hedgehogs
No full textKonstantna naučna istraživanja i usavršavanja dijagnostike, terapije
i hirurških metoda rezultirali su, tokom prethodnih godina, kako
produžetkom očekivanog životnog veka, tako i poboljšanjem kvaliteta
života egzotičnih kućnih ljubimaca. Uzimanje temeljne i sveobuhvatne
anamneze od vlasnika kunića (Oryctolagus cuniculus), glodara
(ordo Rodentia) ili afričkih patuljastih ježeva (Atelerix albiventris) je
od velikog značaja, kako mnogobrojna patološka stanja ovih životinja
nastaju usled grešaka u držanju. Potpun klinički pregled zahteva od
veterinara poznavanje metoda fiksiranja, mogućnost izvođenja specijalističkih
dijagnostičkih metoda i prikupljanja uzoraka, ali i razumevanje
morfoloških i fizioloških specifičnosti navedenih vrsta, te najčešćih
zdravstvenih problema s kojima se suočavaju. Dodatno, pravilna primena
analgezije i poznavanje savremenih anestetičkih protokola značajno
unapređuju standard nege i uspešnost samog lečenja. Zaključno,
savremeni standardi dijagnostike i terapije egzotičnih ljubimaca
postavljaju nove izazove, ali i pružaju izuzetne mogućnosti za unapređenje
njihovog zdravlja i dobrobiti.Continuous scientific research and advancements in diagnostic, therapeutic, and
surgical methods have, in recent years, led to both greater lifespan and an improvement
in the quality of life of exotic pets. Obtaining a thorough and comprehensive patient
history from the owners of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), rodents (Rodentia), or African
pygmy hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris) is of great importance, as numerous pathological
conditions may be a consequence of improper care and husbandry practices. A complete
clinical examination requires veterinarians and technicians to be proficient in handling
and restraint techniques, capable of performing specialized diagnostic procedures and
sample collection, and knowledgeable about small mammals’ unique morphological
and physiological characteristics. Furthermore, the proper application of analgesia and
familiarity with modern anesthetic protocols significantly enhance the standard of care
and the success of treatment outcomes. In conclusion, contemporary standards in the
diagnostics and treatment of exotic pets present new challenges but also offer remarkable
opportunities for improving their health and overall well-being.Zbornik predavanj
Genetic diversity and adaptability of native sheep breeds from different climatic zones
No full textTo better understand the genetic architecture and adaptability of native sheep, 22 breeds were
genotyped using ovine50K SNP chips. Eleven additional populations from open-source repositories
were included. Cross population Extended Haplotype Homozygosity (XP-EHH) and Relative Scaled
Haplotype Homozygosity (Rsb) haplotype-based approaches were used to identify genetic variations
influencing the adaptation of local sheep breeds to different climatic zones. The results indicate that
all breeds exhibited high but declining genetic diversity levels, with a larger proportion of genetic
variation explained by development history and refined by geographical origin, as shown by principal
component analysis and Neighbor Net graphs. Admixture analysis revealed high admixture levels
in European and North African breeds. Using XP-EHH and Rsb methods, 371 genes were putatively
under selection, with only nine common among all population pairs, highlighting unique adaptability.
Most identified genes, including Interleukin (IL) and cluster differentiation (CD) gene families underlie
immune responses, emphasizing their role in resilience to climate change effects. These findings
support that indigenous sheep breeds have retained significant genetic diversity, but improper genetic
management may threaten it. Additionally, the research emphasizes that indigenous sheep breeds’
unique adaptability to specific climatic zones makes them valuable genetic assets for developing
climate-resilient breeds
Animal respiratory viruses with zoonotic potential
No full textRespiratory viruses of animal origin pose a major public health risk due to their ability
to cross species barriers and cause zoonotic infections. Influenza A viruses, especially those from
avian and swine hosts, have driven several human pandemics. Their segmented genome
enables genetic reassortment, leading to antigenic shifts and the emergence of novel human-infecting strains. Swine act as "mixing vessels" for avian, human, and swine influenza viruses, increasing pandemic risk. Similarly, HPAI H5N1 causes sporadic, often fatal human infections linked to contact with infected poultry. Coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and
SARS-CoV-2 likely originate from bats, with spillovers involving intermediate hosts like civets
or camels. SARS-CoV-2, probably arising from a wildlife market, sparked a global pandemic with
severe health and socio-economic effects. These events highlight the need for animal
surveillance, viral evolution research, and a One Health approach to prevention and control.Book of abstract
Review of the microbiological status of drinking water originating from poultry farms in the period 2015-2024
No full textВода која се користи у производњи хране животињског поријекла мора по свом квалитету, укључујући и
микробиолошку безбједност, да испуњава услове који се односе на воду за пиће намијењену за људску
употребу. На здравље животиња, између осталог, може значајно да утиче и вода за пиће коју животиње
свакодневно конзумирају. Обезбјеђење безбједне и квалитетне воде кључно је у очувању здравља једин-
ке. Најосјетљивија категорија су младе и високопродуктивне животиње. Вода је есенцијална храњива
материја, посебно важна у развоју бројлерских пилића, који је конзумирају у великим количинама. До-
ступност и квалитет воде играју значајну улогу у укупном здрављу и продуктивности живине. Међу-
тим, обезбјеђивање безбједне и квалитетне воде у великој мјери се занемарује, при чему микробна кон-
таминација воде угрожава опште здравље и производне перформансе живине.
Истраживање је вршено у периоду 2015-2024. година и обухвата 2.641 узорак воде поријеклом са жи-
винарских фарми, првенствено бројлерских пилића. Од анализираних узорака, посматрајући по катего-
ријама, 59,23% је водоводска, а 40,77% бунарска и изворска вода.
Циљ истраживања је утврђивање и процјена микробиолошког статуса воде за пиће поријеклом са живи-
нарских фарми. Лабораторијско испитивање вршено је методама BAS EN ISO 6222, BAS EN ISO 9308-1 и
BAS EN ISO 7899-2. Процјена микробиолошког статуса вршена је у односу на важећу регулативу (Служ-
бени гласник Републике Српске 88/17, 97/18, 93/23, Прилог 1) и Правилник о здравственој исправности
воде за пиће (Службени гласник Босне и Херцеговине 40/10, 43/10, 30/12, 62/17, Анекс I и Анекс II)).
Микробиолошким испитивањем утврђено је 71,30% задовољавајућих и 28,70% незадовољавајућих узо-
рака воде за пиће. У односу на категорију, утврђено је 83,49% задовољавајућих и 16,51% незадовоља-
вајућих узорака водоводске воде, као и 49,36% задовољавајућих и 50,04% незадовољавајућих узорака
бунарске и изворске воде. Узорци су били незадовољавајући због повећаног укупног броја микроорга-
низама на 22°C (26,62%), повећаног укупног броја микроорганизама на 37°C (28,60%), цријевних енте-
рокока (22,58%), Escherichia coli (18,09%) и колиформа (20,49%).
Вода за пиће на живинарским фармама има веома неповољан микробиолошки статус, посебно са ста-
новишта негативног утицаја патогених бактерија. Посебно забрињавајућа чињеница је висок удио бу-
нарске и изворске воде, од којих је значајан број микробиолошки неприхватљив. Неопходно је преис-
питивање, значајно побољшање и досљедно спровођење поступка дезинфекције воде, као и редован
микробиолошки мониторинг.Water used in the production of food of animal origin must meet the requirements for drinking water intended
for human consumption in terms of quality, including microbiological safety. Animal health, among other
things, can be significantly affected by the drinking water that animals consume on a daily basis. Providing
safe and high-quality water is crucial for maintaining the health of the individual. The most sensitive category
is young and highly productive animals. Water is an essential nutrient, especially important in the growth
of broiler chickens, which consume it in large quantities. The availability and quality of water play a significant
role in the overall health and productivity of poultry. However, providing safe and high-quality water is
largely neglected, with microbial contamination of water endangering the general health and production performance
of poultry.
The research was conducted in the period 2015-2024 and included 2,641 water samples originating from poultry
farms, primarily broiler chickens. Of the analyzed samples, by category, 59.23% was water from the water
supply sistem, and 40.77% was well and spring water.
The aim of the research is to determine and assess the microbiological status of drinking water originating from
poultry farms. Laboratory testing was performed using the BAS EN ISO 6222, BAS EN ISO 9308-1 and BAS
EN ISO 7899-2 methods. The assessment of the microbiological status was carried out in relation to the applicable
regulations (Official Gazette of the Republic of Srpska 88/17, 97/18, 93/23, Annex 1) and the Regulation
on the health quality of drinking water (Official Gazette of Bosnia and Herzegovina 40/10, 43/10, 30/12,
62/17, Annex I and Annex II)).
Microbiological testing determined 71.30% satisfactory and 28.70% unsatisfactory drinking water samples. In
relation to the category, 83.49% satisfactory and 16.51% unsatisfactory tap water samples were determined,
as well as 49.36% satisfactory and 50.04% unsatisfactory well and spring water samples. The samples were
unsatisfactory due to an increased total number of microorganisms at 22°C (26.62%), an increased total number
of microorganisms at 37°C (28.60%), intestinal enterococci (22.58%), Escherichia coli (18.09%) and coliforms
(20.49%).
Drinking water on poultry farms has a very unfavorable microbiological status, especially from the point of
view of the negative impact of pathogenic bacteria. A particularly worrying fact is the high proportion of well
and spring water, a significant amount of which is microbiologically unacceptable. It is necessary to review,
significantly improve and consistently implement the water disinfection process, as well as regular microbiological
monitoring.Zbornik sažetak
Antimicrobial resistance in diverse ecological niches—One Health perspective and food safety
No full textAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a multi-sectoral, systemic, and global issue
worldwide. Antimicrobial use (AMU) is a key factor in the selection of resistant bacteria
within different ecological niches, from agriculture to food-producing animals to humans.
There is a question regarding the extent to which the use of antibiotics in livestock production
and the primary food production sector influences the selection and transmission of
resistant bacteria and/or resistant genes throughout the food chain and thus contributes
to the complexity in the development of AMR in humans. Although the trends in the
prevalence of foodborne pathogens have changed over time, the burden of ecological
niches with resistance genes, primarily in commensal microorganisms, is of concern. The
implementation of the harmonized surveillance of AMU and AMR would provide comprehensive
insights into the actual status of resistance and further interventions leading to
its reduction. Tracking AMR in different ecological niches by applying advanced genomebased
techniques and developing shared AMR data repositories would strengthen the One
Health concept
Use of modern nutritional strategies with the aim of achieving optimal health status and maximum production results of broilers and laying hens in the concept of green agenda
No full textEubiotički odnosi u digestivnom traktu brojlera predstavljaju jedan od najvažnijih preduslova za očuvanje zdravstvenog
stanja, a time i za poboljšanje proizvodnih rezultata životinja. Stres, poremećaji varenja i nagle promene
obroka samo su neki od faktora koji remete ravnotežu i favorizuju nepoželjnu mikrofloru.. Zbog sve većih
zahteva svetskog potrošačkog lobija, a poštujući proizvodne prioritete (bolje iskorisćavanje hrane, duža održivost,
lakša manipulacija) sa konačnim ciljem povećanja proizvodnje i poboljšanja kvaliteta namirnica animalnog
porekla, pored osnovnih hraniva u smeše se dodaje i veliki broj aditiva koji imaju različite namene. Dodatkom
antiobiotika kao aditiva, proizvođači su u prošlosti ostvarivali dobit koja se zasnivala na većem prirastu
uz bolju konverziju i niže troškove lečenja. Uporedo sa povećanjem količine utrošenog antibiotika primećen
je globalni problem porasta učestalosti rezistencije bakterija na antibiotike. Takođe, utvrđeno je prisustvo rezidua
antibiotika u namirnicama animalnog porekla, kao i njihovo moguće genotoksično delovanje. Nakon zabrane
upotrebe antibiotika u svrhu stimulacije rasta, javio se interes za razvijanje novih nutritivnih strategija
koje će podržati funkciju autohtone mikroflore u gastrointestinalnom traktu u kontroli patogenih bakterija. Jedinstvenom
kombinacijom sastojaka, na Katedri za ishranu i botaniku kreiran je dodatak koji omogućava održavanje
eubiotičkih odnosa (ravnoteža u mikropopulaciji digestivnog trakta) čime se povećava efikasnost varenja
i resorpcije hranljivih materija (bolja svarljivost osnovnih hranljivih materija koja smanjuje produkciju
amonijaka i ugljen dioksida), kao i otpornost prema poremećajima izazvanim enteropatogenim bakterijama. S
obzirom na bolje iskorišćavanje hrane, opisanom nutritivnom strategijom dobija se veća telesna masa brojlera,
bolji prirast, kao i niža konverzija.Eubiotic relationships in digestive tract of broiler is one of the most important prerequisites for preserving the
health of animals, and thus for increasing the production results. Stress, digestive disorders and sudden meal
changes are just some of the factors that disturb the balance and favor undesirable microflora. Due to the increasing
demands of the global consumer lobby, and respecting the production priorities (better feed utilisation,
longer sustainability, easier manipulation) with the ultimate aim of increasing production and improving
the quality of foods of animal origin, in addition to the basic nutrients, a large number of additives with different
purposes are added to the mixtures. By adding antibiotics as additives, producers in the past made profits
based on higher growth with better conversion and lower treatment costs. Along with the increase in the amount
of antibiotics used, the global problem of the increase in the frequency of bacterial resistance to antibiotics
has been observed. Also, the presence of antibiotic residues in foods of animal origin, as well as their possible
genotoxic effect, was determined. After the ban on the use of antibiotics for the purpose of growth stimulation,
there has been an interest in developing new nutritional strategies that will support the function of indigenous
microflora in the gastrointestinal tract in the control of pathogenic bacteria. With a unique combination of ingredients,
the Department of Animal Nutrition and Botany created a supplement that enables the maintenance
of eubiotic relationships (balance in the micropopulation of the digestive tract), which increases the efficiency
of digestion and resorption of nutrients (better digestibility of basic nutrients that reduces the production of
ammonia and carbon dioxide), as well and resistance to disorders caused by enteropathogenic bacteria. Considering
better feed utilisation, the described nutritional strategy results in higher body weight of broilers, better
body gaim, and lower feed conversion.Zbornik sažetak
Značaj sprovođenja biosigurnosnih mera u cilju sprečavanja naseljavanja golubova u urbanim i ruralnim sredinama
No full textDivlji golubovi (Columba livia) predstavljaju sinantropne vrste kako urbanih
tako i ruralnih područja. Njihova izuzetna sposobnost adaptacije doprinela je povećanju
brojnosti ove populacije, posebno u gradskim sredinama. Prisustvo ovih
vrsta ptica dovodi do mnogobrojnih negativnih posledica, uključujući ekonomske
štete i ekološke uticaje kao i epidemiološko-epizootiološke rizike, predstavljajući
potencijalne rezervoare i prenosioce različitih patogena koji mogu ugroziti zdravlje
ljudi i životinja. Za efikasnu kontrolu populacije neophodan je integrisani pristup
upravljanja štetočinama (IPM), sa ciljem dugoročnog smanjenja brojnosti, uz
pažljivo razmatranje ekoloških i socijalnih aspekata. Primenom kako standardnih,
tako i inovativnih rešenja u postupcima suzbijanja golubova, uključujući razumevanje
njihovog ponašanja, ishranu i navike gneždenja, može se uspešno izvršiti
regulacija brojnosti ove populacije.Zbornik radov
Disorder of water and electrolyte balance in cattle
No full textRuminants’ water needs depend on several factors. Water and electrolyte imbalances can disrupt production and, reproductive performance as well as overall health.
Fluid replacement is a key step in the treatment of diseases such as calf diarrhea. This review work aimed to describe in more detail and indicate the importance of water
and electrolyte imbalance disorders in cattle, especially calves, as the most sensitive category of cattle
Generalisable machine learning framework for viral classification based on dinucleotide frequency signatures
No full textFulfilling the requirements for exporting fish meat products (tuna pâté) to the United States market
No full textThe objective of this work was to ensure all necessary prerequisites for exporting canned
fish meat (tuna pâté) to the United States market are met. To accomplish this, thermocouple
measurements were conducted during sterilization in the autoclave to validate the heat
treatment process. Initially, a temperature distribution study was carried out during regular
production, followed by a heat penetration study. In both cases, the success criteria were
satisfied. The temperature distribution was monitored using nine thermocouple probes, and
within one minute after the holding time (come up time), the temperature at all measured
points in the autoclave medium exceeded 120°C. For the heat penetration study, eleven
probes were used, eight placed in the thermal centre of the cans and three in the autoclave
medium. All probes located at the thermal centre achieved F0 values ranging from 6.88 to
8.56 minutes, confirming the safety and effectiveness of the sterilization process for tuna
pâté intended for export to the United States