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Alpha-gal syndrome: allergy to red meat
No full textMeat allergies are increasingly present, both in children and in adults, and are a group of
heterogeneous allergic reactions with different syndromes. Alpha-gal syndrome (AGS), also
known as α-gal allergy or mammalian meat allergy (MMA) is a type of acquired allergy
characterized by a delayed onset of symptoms (3–8 hours) after consumption of mammalian
meat. It is a reaction to the carbohydrate, galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-gal), where the body
is overwhelmed with immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies when exposed to the carbohydrate.
In most cases, it is the result of previous exposure to certain tick bites and was first reported
in 2002. Allergy symptoms vary greatly from person to person and include rash, hives, nausea
or vomiting, difficulty breathing, drop in blood pressure, dizziness or fainting, diarrhoea,
severe stomach pain and possible anaphylaxis
From resources to resilience: Green growth as an instrument of sustainable rural development
No full textThe aim of this study was to explore stakeholder perceptions of green growth as an instrument for sustainable rural development, with particular focus on Fruška Gora and Zlatibor as representative case studies in Serbia. A survey was conducted during 2024 among 279 respondents representing diverse local stakeholders, including farmers, guesthouse owners, entrepreneurs, and municipal officers. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and post hoc tests to assess differences across stakeholder groups. Results indicate broad agreement that green policies, such as renewable energy use and sustainable agriculture, can strengthen economic development, preserve natural resources, and enhance long-term quality of life. However, respondents emphasized financial constraints and limited local capacities as major barriers. The study concludes that green growth can be a driver of resilience and rural transformation, but its success depends on improved investment mechanisms, stronger knowledge transfer, and participatory decision-making that empowers local communities.Book of Proceeding
The importance of emergency measures plans for the prevention and control of foot and mouth disease
No full textСлинавка и шап (FMD) је jедна од наjопасниjих и наjштетниjих болести папкара, са глобалним импликациjама на здравље животиња, економиjу и безбједност хране. Извjештаjи Свjетске организациjе за здравље животиња (WOAH) показуjу да болест у последњим деценијама изазива броjне епидемиjе широм свиjета, посебно у Азиjи, Африци, Jужноj Америци и Европи. На глобалном нивоу уочено jе више од 200 епидемиjа годишње, са хиљадама обољелих и угинулих животиња. У 2019. години, у само неколико земаља Азиjе, забиљежено jе преко 10.000 обољелих животиња, број уништених је знатно већи, а економске штете процjењуjу се на стотине милиона америчких долара годишње. Епидемија у Великој Британији 2001. године узроковала је штету од преко 10 милијарди долара. Штете укључују губитке у производњи, трошкове контроле, трговинска ограничења и забрану извоза. Ефикасно сузбиjање болести захтиjева правовремену и координисану реакциjу, што jе могуће само уз адекватно припремљен и редовно ажуриран План хитних мjера. У раду се истиче значаj израде таквог плана као кључног алата за минимизацију штета, нарочито у контексту тренутних приjетњи. Анализа основних елемената Плана укључуjе процjену ризика, превентивне мjере, реакциjу, логистику, комуникациjу и обуку особља. Посебно jе важан дио плана оперативни протокол, организациона структура и ресурси, те тестирање и симулациjе, коjе обезбјеђују спремност на појаву болести. У Босни и Херцеговини нема потврђених случаjева болести, али због високог ризика, развоj и имплементациjа Плана хитних мjера постаjу неопходни за заштиту пољопривреде и jавног здравља. Кроз оваj рад се указује на глобалне трендове, искуства и важност проактивних мjера, како би се обезбиједила снага и спремност на будуће изазове изазване FMD.Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is one of the most dangerous and contagious diseases affecting ungulates, with global implications for animal health, the economy, and food safety. Reports from the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) indicate that the disease has caused numerous epidemics worldwide over recent decades, especially in Asia, Africa, South America, and Europe. Globally, more than 200 outbreaks are recorded annually, affecting thousands of animals that become ill and die. For example, in 2019, over 10,000 animals were reported sick in just a few countries in Asia; however, the number of animals destroyed is significantly higher. The economic damages from FMD outbreaks are estimated to reach hundreds of millions of US dollars annually, including production losses, control costs, and export bans. The 2001 FMD epidemic in the United Kingdom caused economic damages exceeding $10 billion, encompassing control expenses, trade restrictions, and productivity losses. Effective disease control requires a timely and coordinated response, which is only achievable with an adequately prepared and regularly updated Contingency Plan. This paper emphasizes the importance of developing such a plan as a vital tool for minimizing damage, especially given current threats. The analysis of the core elements of the plan includes risk assessment, preventive measures, response strategies, logistics, communication, and staff training. Particular attention is given to operational protocols, organizational structure, resources, as well as testing and simulation exercises that ensure preparedness for disease emergence. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, where there are currently no confirmed cases of FMD, the development and implementation of an Contingency Plan are becoming essential for protecting agriculture and public health. This paper underscores global trends, experiences, and the importance of proactive measures to ensure resilience and preparedness for future challenges posed by FMD.Zbornik radov
The impact of proper preparation of canned roughage forage on production results of high-dairy cattle
No full textКабаста храна представља важан извор сточне хране за животиње. Она чини преко 60% удела оброка код високомлечних грла. Кабаста храна се користи у виду зелене масе, силаже и сена. Од наведених по квалитету и садржају храњивих материја, силажа је најприближнија зеленој маси. Поштовањем свих процедура у припреми, силирању и изузимању исте, уз посебан осврт на енергетски, киселински и протеински састав, директно можемо утицати на балансирање оброка. Нутриционисти који се баве исхраном висомлечних крава, највише посвећују пажњу овом конзервисаном храниву. Конзервисана хранива представљају важан део енергетског и протеинског баланса у производњи млека. Сврха коришћења адитива као биотехолошких достигнућа у припреми конзервисаних хранива јесте да уз помоћ микроорганизама или додатака (киселине, стабилизатор силаже) храниво буде аеростабилно и ферментационим процесима омогућимо снижавање pH и спречимо развој неповољних микроорганизама. У спремању конзервисаних хранива, веома је важан одабир квалитетних хибрида. Приноси треба да буду велики и да се на месту припреме хране (сило бимови), кроз протокол испоштују процедуре, које ће омогућити квалитетан производ (правилно гажење масе, апликација адитива, покривање масе и учинак пуњења силоса).Roughage forage is an important source of animal feed. It makes up over 60% of the ration of high-dairy cattle. Roughage is used in the form of green mass, silage and hay. Of the above, silage is the closest to green mass in terms of quality and nutrient content. By following all procedures in preparation, ensiling and removal, with special attention to the energy, acid and protein composition, we can directly influence the balance of the ration. Nutritionists who deal with the nutrition of high-dairy cows pay the most attention to this preserved feed. Preserved feeds represent an important part of the energy and protein balance in milk production. The purpose of using additives as biotechnological achievements in the preparation of preserved feeds is to make the feed aerostable with the help of microorganisms or additives (acids, silage stabilizers) and to enable the lowering of pH through fermentation processes and prevent the development of unfavorable microorganisms. In the preparation of preserved feeds, the selection of quality hybrids is very important. Yields should be high and at the place of food preparation (silos) procedures should be followed through the protocol that will enable a quality product (proper trampling of the mass, application of additives, mass coverage and silo filling efficiency).Zbornik radov
Diagnosis and therapy of the downer cow syndrome
No full textПоремећаји метаболизма калцијума представљају најчешћи разлог немогућности устајања крава у перипарталном периоду. Када стандардна терапија хипокалцемије у два поновљена давања не даје очекиване резултате, краве испољавају продужено лежање и немогућност устајања дуже од 24 сата, па у том случају говоримо о синдрому лежеће краве. Иако се етиологија настанка синдрома лежеће краве повезује најчешће са дефицитима минералног метаболизма, где се поред хипокалцемије наводе још и хипофосфатемија, хипокалијемија и хипомагнезијемија, она је ипак далеко комплекснија и укључује више фактора, који могу бити метаболичке, инфективне, трауматске и неуролошке природе. Смањење концентрације фофора, калијума и магнезијума у крви, након тељења, најчешће компликује постојеће стање хипокалцемије и доводи до изостанка одговора на терапију препаратима Ca. Пад концентрације једног од ових параметара ретко самостално доводи до немогућности устајања, него су повезани и са другим дефицитима, а најчешће енергетским дефицитом код крава. Продукција ендотоксина код акутних и перакутних инфективно-токсичних стања (маститиси и метритиси) може бити један од разлога за настанак синдрома лежеће краве због онемогућавања ресорпције Ca. Такође, трауматска оштећења мишићно-скелетног система, као последица тешких тељења или повреда, представљају значајан узрок дуготрајног лежања крава. Како основу синдрома лежеће краве чине поремећаји минералног и енергетског метаболизма, одређивање концентрације параметара минералног (Ca, P, Mg и K) и енергетског метаболизма (глукоза, BHB (бета-хидроскибутират), NEFA (неестерификоване масне киселине) и инсулин) представља основу дијагностике овог обољења. Поред ових параметара, пресудну улогу у прогнози исхода обољења и успешности примењене терапије има одређивање активности ензима AST (аспартат аминотрансфераза) и CK (креатин киназа). Према томе, основу терапије синдрома лежеће краве чини давање препарата који поред Ca садрже и значајне количине P, Mg и K, уз симптоматску и потпорну терапију примарних обољења (кетоза, маститис).Calcium metabolism disorders are the most common reason for cows being unable to stand up in the peripartum period. When standard hypocalcemia therapy in two repeated doses does not produce the expected results, cows exhibit prolonged recumbency and inability to stand up for more than 24 hours, in which case we speak of lying cow syndrome. Although the etiology of downer cow syndrome is primarily linked to deficiencies in mineral metabolism, including hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, and hypomagnesemia, it is actually much more complex. This condition involves multiple factors that may be metabolic, infectious, traumatic, or neurological. A decrease in the concentration of phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium in the blood after calving most often complicates the existing condition of hypocalcemia and reduces the effectiveness of calcium treatments. A drop in the concentration of one of these parameters rarely independently leads to the inability of cows to stand up but is also associated with other deficits, most often energy deficits in cows. Endotoxin production in acute and peracute infectious-toxic conditions (mastitis and metritis) may be one of the reasons for the occurrence of downer cow syndrome due to the inability to resorb Ca. Also, traumatic damage to the musculoskeletal system resulting from difficult calving or injuries is a significant cause of prolonged recumbency in cows. Because downer cow syndrome is caused by problems with mineral and energy metabolism, checking the levels of minerals (Ca, P, Mg, and K) and energy metabolism indicators (glucose, BHB (Beta-hydroxybutyrate), NEFA (nonesterified fatty acids) and insulin) is essential for diagnosing this disease. In addition to these parameters, determining the activity of the enzymes AST (Aspartate aminotransferase) and CK (Creatine kinase) plays a crucial role in the prognosis of the outcome of the disease and the success of therapy. Accordingly, the basis of the therapy of downer cow syndrome is the administration of preparations that, in addition to Ca, also contain significant amounts of P, Mg, and K, along with symptomatic and supportive therapy of primary diseases (ketosis, mastitis).Zbornik radov
Swine influenza A virus (swIAV) seroprevalence in Macedonian commercial farrow-to-finish pig farms
No full textSwine influenza caused by the influenza A virus significantly affects pig production and pig health due to acute
respiratory disease and huge economic losses. Pigs play an essential role in the epidemiology of influenza because they act
as a mixing vessel for the formation of potentially pandemic zoonotic strains. The objective of our study was to assess the
seroprevalence of Swine influenza A viruses (swIAV) in commercial pig farms in Macedonia. A total of 373 blood samples
were collected from piglets aged 1 to 4 weeks of sows with different parities from 19 different commercial farrow-to-finish
pig farms. For the detection of anti-IAV antibodies, sera samples were analyzed using a competitive ELISA. All farms were
seropositive to swIAV. Seropositivity was detected in 258 (69.2%) samples, ranging between 10 and 100% at farm level. The
highest seroprevalence was found in piglets from sows in 5-6th parity. In contrast, the lowest seropositivity was found in
samples from the youngest sows (1-2nd parity), which indicates that the virus has circulated for a longer period in these farms.
Furthermore, large farms with more than 120 sows had a significantly greater percentage of seropositive animals than small
farms with less than 120 breeding sows (83% vs. 54%, respectively). In conclusion, our results demonstrated that swIAV
circulates endemically in Macedonian commercial farrow-to-finish pig farms, underscoring the need of immunization in
preventing infection on these farms
Hay quality assessment parameters
No full textZbog različitog sastava, hrana za životinje stalno se ispituje, a najčešće u cilju utvrđivanja vrste i količine hranljivih materija, prisustva štetnih materija, kao i svih vidova kvarenja. Posebnu opasnost predstavlja činjenica da upravo štetne materije (organski i neorganski toksini, raspadni produkti kvarenja, teški metali, pesticidi, hormoni i dr.) mogu ući u lanac hrane i dospeti u namirnice animalnog porekla, a zatim ugroziti zdravlje ljudi. Smatra se da ni jedna vrsta hraniva ne pokazuje veće variranje hranljive vrednosti kao seno. Tako se ona može se kretati u širokom rasponu od hranljive vrednosti slame, pa sve do vrednosti slabijeg koncentrovanog hraniva. U analizi kvaliteta sena koriste se organoleptički pregled, pregled lupom i mikroskopom, mikrobiološki pregled, brojne fizičko-hemijske analize, kao i biološki ogled ishrane. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata vrši se poentiranje sena, a zatim donosi odluka o načinu njegove upotrebe u ishrani različitih vrsta i proizvodnih kategorija životinja.Due to the different composition, feed is constantly tested, most often in order to determine the type and amount of nutrients, the presence of harmful substances, as well as all types of spoilage. A particular danger represents the fact that harmful substances (organic and inorganic toxins, decay products, heavy metals, pesticides, hormones, etc.) can enter the food chain and end up in foods of animal origin and then endanger human health. It is believed that no forage shows greater variation in nutritional value than hay. Thus, it can range from the nutritional value of straw, all the way to the value of a weaker concentrated nutrient. In the analysis of hay quality, organoleptic examination, examination with a magnifying glass and microscope, microbiological examination, numerous physical and chemical analyses, as well as a biological examination of nutrition are used. Based on the obtained results, the hay is scored, and then a decision is made on how to use it in the nutrition of different species and production categories of animals.Zbornik radov
Serological and molecular investigation of asymptomatic dogs for the presence of Leptospira spp.
No full textLeptospiroza predstavlja značajan problem javnog zdravlja na globalnom nivou, јеr je utvrđeno povećanje incidencije, kako u zemljama u razvoju, tako i u razvijenim zemljama. Utvrđeno je da su psi kompetentni domaćini leptospira i imaju važnu ulogu u eko-epidemiologiji leptospiroze. Zaraženi psi mogu širiti leptospire na velike udaljenosti, izlučujući veliki broj bakterija urinom nedjeljama, a u nekim slučajevima i godinama, kontaminirajući životnu sredinu. Serološko ispitivanje pasa može biti koristan metod u cilju utvrđivanja geografske distribucije patogenih serovarijeteta leptospira i za otkrivanje novih žarišta, koja predstavljaju potencijalnu opasnost za humanu populaciju. Imajući u vidu da leptospirurija i renalno kliconoštvo ne moraju biti praćeni seropozitivnošću, serološki testovi nisu pogodni za otkrivanje kliconoša. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se ispita uloga asimptomatskih pasa kao rezervoara i izlučivača leptospira, primjenom seroloških i molekularnih metoda. Ispitivanje je obuhvatilo 74 psa od kojih je uzorkovana krv (n=74) i urin (n=36). Serološko ispitivanje je sprovedeno testom mikroskopske aglutinacije (MAT) sa devet serovarijeteta Leptospira spp. Detekcija genoma patogenih leptospira u urinu izvršena je metodom real-time PCR (reakcija lančane polimeraze u realnom vremenu). Primjenom MAT testa specifična antitijela u titru ≥1:100 utvrđena su u 14,9% (11/74) uzoraka, pri čemu je najčešći serovarijetet bio Australis. Primjenom real-time PCR, genom patogenih Leptospira spp. utvrđen je u 22,2% (8/36) uzoraka urina. Samo jedan pas (12,5%) bio je istovremeno pozitivan primjenom MAT i real-time PCR. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na značaj istovremene primjene seroloških i molekularnih metoda u epizootiološkim istraživanjima i dijagnostici leptospiroze, kao i na potrebu za kontinuiranim nadzorom populacije pasa u cilju procjene rizika po javno zdravlje.Leptospirosis represents a significant public health problem globally, as an increase in incidence has been observed both in developing and developed countries. It has been established that dogs are competent hosts for Leptospira and play an important role in the eco-epidemiology of leptospirosis. Infected dogs can spread Leptospira over large distances, excreting large numbers of bacteria in their urine for weeks, and in some cases, even years, thus contaminating the environment. Serological testing of dogs can be a useful method for determining the geographic distribution of pathogenic Leptospira serovars and for identifying new hotspots that pose a potential threat to the human population. Given that leptospiruria and renal carriage do not necessarily correlate with seropositivity, serological tests are not suitable for detecting carriers. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of asymptomatic dogs as reservoirs and excretors of Leptospira through the application of serological and molecular methods. The study included 74 dogs, from which blood (n=74) and urine (n=36) samples were collected. Serological testing was performed using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) with nine serovars of Leptospira spp. The detection of the Leptospira genome in urine was carried out using real-time PCR
(
polymerase chain reaction
)
. Using the MAT test, specific antibodies at a titer of ≥1:100 were found in 14.9% (11/74) of the samples, with the most common serovar being Australis. Using real-time PCR, the genome of pathogenic Leptospira spp. was detected in 22.2% (8/36) of the urine samples. Only one dog (12.5%) was positive by both MAT and real-time PCR. The obtained results highlight the importance of the simultaneous application of serological and molecular methods in epizootiological studies and leptospirosis diagnosis, as well as the need for continuous monitoring of the dog population to assess the public health risk.Zbornik radov
An overview of research in the field of intensive pig production
No full textDanašnja industrijska proizvodnja svinja bazira se na sprovođenju biosigurnosnih mera, kao i na rešavanju ekoloških problema, koji znatno opterećuju proizvodnju. Dobro zdravlje svinja je uslov dobre reprodukcije, odnosno rentabilne proizvodnje. Zdravstveno stanje zavisi od mnogih faktora, kao što su uslovi držanja, nega, ishrana i sprovođenje profilaktičkih mera. Bolesti kao što su neonatalni proliv, edemska bolest, ezofagogastrični ulkus, osteodistrofije, kompleks respiratornih oboljenja, dizenterija, a u novije doba proliferativne enteropatije, koje mogu da ugroze proizvodnju svinja u intenzivnom odgoju, moguće je primenom profilaktičkih i terapeutskih mera, kao i pojačanom kontrolom stručnih službi, držati pod kontrolom. Posebno osetljivi kritični periodi su: prašenje, prvih 24-48 sati posle prašenja, 7-10 dana nakon prašenja i period 10-14 dana po odbijanju prasadi. Fleksibilnom saradnjom vlasnika farmi sa stručnim službama, uz poštovanje i sprovođenje stručnih saznanja, te primenom niza biotehničkih mera i stavljanjem akcenta na preveniranje bolesti svinja, a u cilju promocije dobrog zdravlja svinja, moguće je unaprediti proizvodnju. Biosigurnost, dobrobit, dobra proizvođačka praksa i analiza rizika na kritičnim kontrolnim tačkama su veoma značajni elementi u intenzivnoj proizvodnji svinja. Planska primena biosigurnosnih mera presudna je u zaštiti zdravlja svinja, a time i u uspehu proizvodnje. Cilj ovog rada je da pruži pregled projektnih istraživanja koja su obavljena na kontrolisanim farmama svinja. Na većini kontrolisanih farmi ustanovljeno je prisustvo Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae i Actinobacullus pleuropneumoniae. Jedan od ozbiljnih zdravstvenih problema na farmama je prisustvo reproduktivno respiratornog sindroma.Today industrial pig production is based on the implementation of biosecurity measures and the solution of environmental problems that significantly impact production. Good pig health is a prerequisite for good reproduction, i.e. profitable production. Health depends on many factors such as housing conditions, care, nutrition, and the implementation of preventive measures. Diseases such as neonatal diarrhea, edema, oesophagogastric ulcers, osteodystrophies, complex respiratory diseases, dysentery, and more recently, proliferative enteropathy, which can threaten the production of intensively reared pigs, can be kept under control by applying prophylactic and therapeutic measures, as well as by increased control of professional services. Particularly sensitive critical periods are farrowing, the first 24-48 hours after farrowing, 7-10 days after farrowing, and the period 10-14 days after weaning. It is possible to improve production through flexible cooperation between farmers and professional services, by respecting and implementing expert knowledge, by applying a series of biotechnological measures, and by emphasizing the prevention of pig diseases to promote good pig health. Biosecurity, animal welfare, good production practices, and risk analysis at critical control points are essential elements in intensive pig production. The planned application of biosecurity measures is essential to protect the health of pigs and therefore the success of production.
This paper aims to provide an overview of project research carried out on controlled pig farms.
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacullus pleuropneumoniae were found in most of the farms inspected.
One of the most serious health problems on farms is the presence of reproductive respiratory syndrome.Zbornik radov