Procter & Gamble (United Kingdom)
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Feretke – prevencija oboljenja reproduktivnog sistema
No full textFeretke (Mustela putorius furo) su česti kućni ljubimci koji su, zbog fotoperiod-
zavisne reproduktivne aktivnosti i drugih specifičnih karakteristika vrste, predisponirani
razvoju brojnih endokrinopatija i reproduktivnih poremećaja. Najznačajniji
među njima su hiperestrogenizam intaktnih ženki, hiperadrenokorticizam
kao posledica gonadektomije kod oba pola, kao i hiperplazija i inflamacija prostate
kod mužjaka. Dijagnostički postupci obuhvataju klinički pregled, laboratorijske
analize krvi, hormonski profil i ultrazvučnu procenu nadbubrežnih žlezda i reproduktivnog
sistema. Terapijski pristup podrazumeva kako hirurške metode tako i
farmakološku supresiju osovine hipotalamus–hipofiza–gonade, pri čemu reverzibilna
primena agonista GnRH pokazuje značajne prednosti u odnosu na hiruršku
kastraciju, kako u pogledu prevencije sekundarnih endokrinopatija, tako i u očuvanju
dobrobiti životinja. Pravovremena prevencija, rana dijagnostika i integrisano
lečenje predstavljaju ključne faktore u smanjenju morbiditeta i unapređenju zdravstvene
zaštite feretki u savremenoj veterinarskoj praksi.Zbornik predavanj
Prevalence and risk factors for Pearsonema plica infection in hunting dogs in Serbia
No full textPearsonema plica is a nematode commonly found in wild carnivores and occasionally in domestic dogs, where infections are often overlooked. This cross-sectional study investigated its prevalence in 88 hunting dogs from five districts in Serbia between October 2021 and May 2024. Urine samples were examined via light microscopy, and molecular analyses (PCR and sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene). Presence of P. plica eggs was found in 20.45% of the tested dogs. Phylogenetic analysis clustered the obtained isolates with reference sequences of P. plica. Hunting activity within two months prior to sampling and irregular or infrequent deworming were significantly associated with higher infection rates. Dogs showing urinary symptoms were more likely to test positive. This study provides the first molecularly confirmed data on P. plica infection in hunting dogs in Serbia and indicates that urinary capillariosis in dogs and the need for greater clinical awareness. However, due to the limited sample size and potential sampling bias, the results should be interpreted with caution. Further large-scale and longitudinal studies are needed to better understand the epidemiology and clinical relevance of this infection in domestic dogs
Development of competences of veterinarians and animal husbandry engineers for biosecurity measures implementation on animal farms
No full textThe development of competencies among veterinarians and animal husbandry engineers is essential for the effective implementation of biosecurity measures on animal farms. Biosecurity represents a cornerstone of modern livestock management, aiming to prevent the introduction and spread of infectious diseases, enhance animal health and welfare, and ensure food safety. This paper explores the multidimensional nature of competencies required for the application of biosecurity practices, including technical, cognitive, and interpersonal skills. Core competencies encompass knowledge of disease transmission pathways, risk assessment, design and evaluation of farm-level biosecurity protocols, and the use of personal protective equipment. Equally critical are communication and advisory skills that enable professionals to engage with farmers, understand local conditions, and promote habits and behaviour change through education and trust-building. Continuous professional development, interdisciplinary collaboration, and a strong understanding of both veterinary and agricultural contexts is the key to fostering these competencies. The paper emphasises the role of formal education, training workshops, on-farm experience, and policy frameworks in supporting competency development. Using a competency-based approach, this research identifies priority areas for curriculum enhancement and proposes practical strategies for capacity building. The findings underline that well-trained professionals not only improve the biosecurity status of farms but also contribute to broader public health goals and sustainable livestock production. Strengthening the competencies of veterinarians and animal husbandry engineers must therefore be a strategic priority in national and international efforts to advance animal health systems and combat emerging infectious diseases.Book of Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases as an early-stage markers of cardiac damage in canine heartworm disease
No full textDirofilaria immitis, a zoonotic nematode,
causes canine heartworm disease (CHW). In dogs, it is
characterized by heart and lung tissue damage, specifically
in the associated blood vessels. The pre-adult parasite
stages can induce cystic formations in the pulmonary arteries
of human patients, often misinterpreted as tumors.
The disease in humans is considered to be of low prevalence
and mostly asymptomatic. Matrix metalloproteinases
(MMPs) coordinate tissue repair and have a key role
in numerous vascular disorders. The aim of this study was
to evaluate levels of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2)
and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in dogs with an
early stage of CHW.
Methodology: First group included seven dogs with moderate
(class 2/4) CHW. The healthy group included nine
CHW negative dogs. For all patients, complete blood
count and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined.
To evaluate microfilaria/dirofilaria status of the
included dogs, modified Knott’s and commercial ELISA
tests were performed. Zymography electrophoresis was
used for MMP-2 and MMP-9 detection. The signals were
analyzed in TotalLab TL120® commercial software. Statistical
analysis was performed using Mann–Whitney U test
(MedCalc software version 14.8.1.).
Results: Both groups had leukocytes within the reference
range. There was no difference in LDH levels between
groups (U = 22, z = 0.59, p = 0.556). The results showed
significantly higher zymogen (pro)MMP-9 levels in the
CHW group (U = 4, z = 2.85, p = 0.004), compared to the
healthy control. The total, active MMP-9 forms (U = 28,
z = 0.37, p = 0.711), as well as MMP-2 levels (U = 26,
z = 0.58, p = 0.560) had similar values in both groups.
Conclusion: It could be speculated that, although there
was no leukocytosis found in dogs with CHW, leukocytes
do release substantially higher levels of zymogen (pro)
MMP-9. The lack of difference in LDH and MMP-2 levels
indicates a preserved cardiac tissue and endothelium in
dogs with class 2 CHW. Nevertheless, higher release of zymogen
(pro)MMP-9 from CHW dogs’ leukocytes suggests
their compensatory response to D. immitis infection and
candidates MMPs as a potential early marker for cardiac
damage monitoring in the infected dog
Degenerative changes in MCP/MTP Joints of working horses without lameness: Integrating CT-based assessment and synovial fluid biomarkers
No full textWorking horses often develop distinct patterns of joint degeneration, yet research in this
population remains limited. This study aimed to characterize degenerative changes in the
metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints of Serbian Mountain
Horses using computed tomography (CT) and to explore their associations with synovial
fluid (SF) biomarkers. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 32 MCP/MTP joints
from eight clinically sound horses. Postmortem, joints underwent CT imaging, and SF
samples were analyzed for viscosity, protein content, total nucleated cell count (TNCC),
and oxidative stress biomarkers, along with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity.
Subchondral sclerosis was present in all joints, occurring more frequently in horses aged
less than nine years. Osteophytosis was observed in two-thirds of joints, and its severity
correlated significantly with body weight. Both changes were localized on the medial
and lateral condyles and were associated with elevated TNCC, while osteophytosis was
linked to increased total oxidant status and oxidative stress index. Relatively low levels of β-hydroxybutyrate appear as a main interactive factor for both changes. No associations
were found with MMP activity. These findings indicate that clinically sound working
horses commonly exhibit early degenerative joint changes accompanied by mild increases
in TNCC and oxidative stress biomarkers
Preliminary results on reproductive characteristics of European pond turtles in Serbia
No full textUnlike many other vertebrate taxa, the body of most chelonians is enclosed in a rigid
shell. The turtle’s shell physically limits changes in volume of the internal organs,
including changes related to a developing clutch. To explore the relation of maternal
body size and clutch size in the European pond turtle (N = 51) from five wild
populations in Serbia, we measured shells of gravid females using caliper, and
counted and measured the eggs using X-ray imaging. The shell and egg volumes were
calculated using the modified formula for an ellipsoid: π × length × height × maximal
width ÷ 6000. The total clutch volume in the overall sample varied between 5.5% and
13.8% of the maternal body volume. The females of the different populations differed
in terms of the percentage of the body volume occupied by their clutch (ANOVA F =
3.99, p = 0.007). Clutch size varied between 2-16 eggs, which correlated strongly and
significantly with maternal straight carapace length (r(50) = 0.862, p < 0.001). One of
the explored turtle populations, Rudinje, is characterized by a rather small body size.
Compared to other populations, these turtles carry fewer, rather elongated eggs.
These results fit well with the observations that large-bodied turtles have larger
clutches with round eggs, while smaller turtles tend to produce smaller clutches with
elongated eggs. Our results suggest that adult body size determines the variability of
clutch size and egg shape in European pond turtles.Abstract bookle
Partial replacement of pork meat by yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) and house cricket (Acheta domesticus) flour in frankfurters: Nutritional composition, technological traits, shelf life and sensory attributes
No full textThis study evaluated the impact of replacing pork meat with yellow mealworm and house cricket flour on the nutritional, technological, microbiological, sensory characteristics, and oxidation stability of frankfurters during 60 days of vacuum refrigerated storage. Four treatments were tested: a control without insect flour, 10% yellow mealworm flour, 7.5% mealworm and 2.5% house cricket flour, and 5% mealworm and 5% house cricket flour. Reformulated frankfurters showed increased protein, essential amino acids content and polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acids ratio compared to the control (P ≤ 0.001). Partial substitution with insect flours increased potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, and manganese while lowering sodium content. Color was significantly affected, with reduced lightness (P ≤ 0.001) and redness (P = 0.001), and increased yellowness (P ≤ 0.001). The addition of insect flour significantly altered texture (P ≤ 0.001). Formulation did not affect total viable counts, psychrotrophic bacteria, Brochothrix thermosphacta, LAB, Enterobacteriaceae, or Pseudomonas spp., but led to higher levels of yeasts and molds (P ≤ 0.001) in flour-enriched frankfurters, while storage increased all microbial counts (P ≤ 0.001). Although insect addition promoted oxidation (P ≤ 0.001), TBARs values remained below the threshold of 2.0 mg MDA/kg. Sensory analysis showed cricket flour altered color (P ≤ 0.001), increased odor (P = 0.0002) and flavor intensity (P = 0.0014), reduced juiciness (P ≤ 0.001), and lowered overall acceptability (P ≤ 0.001), while 10% yellow mealworm had minimal sensory impact. Males showed greater purchase intentions for insect-enriched frankfurters (P = 0.001) than females
The role and importance of implementing integrated pest management (IPM) in fly control on farms
No full textMuve (Muscidae) predstavljaju veliki zdravstveni, ekološki i ekonomski
izazov na farmama, posebno u stočarstvu, svinjarstvu i živinarstvu.
Njihova povećana brojnost na farmama negativno utiče na
proizvodne rezultate i zdravstveni status životinja, kao i na kvalitet
i zdravstvenu ispravnost namirnica koje se koriste u ishrani ljudi. U
cilju prevencije prethodno navedenog neophodno je razviti efikasan
pristup za suzbijanje muva u farmskim objektima, vodeći računa, sa
jedne strane o zdravlju farmskih životinja i zaposlenih na istim, a sa
druge strane o kvalitetu i bezbednosti namirnica koje vode poreklo iz
farmskih objekata. Danas se u skladu sa principima biosigurnosti i dobre
farmske prakse, kao i standardima koji definišu bezbednost hrane,
razvijaju efikasne strategije suzbijanja muva na farmskim objektima,
koje su definisane kao “Integrisani model upravljanja štetočinama
(IPM)”. Navedeni model predstavlja holistički pristup, koji kombinuje
različite metode i tehnike kako bi se postigla dugotrajna kontrola
brojnosti populacije muva u farmskim objektima. Cilj našeg rada je
informisanje lokalnih veterinara sa integrisanim modelom upravljanja
muvama (IPM) u cilju njegove efikasne primene u praksi.Flies (Muscioidea) pose significant health, ecological, and economic challenges on
farms, particularly in livestock, swine, and poultry farming. Their increased presence on
farms adversely affects production outcomes, the health status of animals, and the quality
and safety of food products intended for human consumption. To prevent these issues, it
is essential to develop a practical approach to controlling flies in farm facilities, taking into
account, on the one hand, the health of farm animals and workers and, on the other hand,
the quality and safety of food originating from these facilities. Today, practical strategies
for controlling flies on farms are being developed in line with the principles of biosecurity,
good farming practices, and standards that define food safety. These strategies are defined
as the “Integrated Pest Management Model (IPM).” This model represents a holistic
approach that combines various methods and techniques to achieve long-term control
of fly populations in farm facilities. Our work aims to inform local veterinarians about the
Integrated Fly Management Model (IPM) to ensure its effective implementation in practice.Zbornik predavanj
Startup in veterinary medicine - from idea to startup realization
No full textU poslednjih nekoliko godina Srbija je postala značajno mesto za
razvoj startapa, zahvaljujući razvoju tehnološke infrastrukture, obrazovanom
kadru i različitim programima finansijske podrške. Naime,
u prethodne dve godine zabeležen je impresivan rast u ovoj sferi poslovanja,
sa oko 300 novoformiranih startapa i preko 6000 zaposlenih.
Istraživanje Startap skener 2024 pokazalo je da domaći inovacioni
ekosistem i dalje nastavlja impresivan rast sa 20% do 30% novih
startapa godišnje.
U osnovi startapa su inovativne ideje za kreiranje novog proizvoda
ili usluge sa potencijalom brzog rasta na tržištu i velikim brojem korisnika.
Iza svakog uspešnog startapa stoji multidisciplinarni tim sa zajedničkom
vizijom, vrednostima, znanjem i veštinama. Startap ekosistem
Srbije čini mreža učesnika, resursa i institucija koji teže praćenju
globalnih trendova u preduzetništvu. Veliki potencijal ovakvog poslovanja
uočen je u oblastima kvaliteta i bezbednosti namirnica, poljoprivrede,
biotehnologije i medicinskih tehnologija, kao i u oblastima primene
veštačke inteligencije, obrade i analitike podataka, što se ogleda
u porastu interesovanja za razvoj novih procesa, tehnologija, proizvoda
i načina pružanja usluga. Jedna od glavnih strategija kojom se
podržava osnivanje, rast i razvoj startapa je obezbeđivanje pristupa
mentorima, kapitalu i tržištu. Unutar ekosistema Srbije, Fond za inovacionu
delatnost kroz inkubatorske i akceleratorske programe predstavlja
oslonac za razvoj startapa, istovremeno jačajući veze između
akademske i poslovne zajednice. U radu su opisane faze razvoja od
ideje do realizacije i primeri uspešnih startapa u oblasti veterinarske
medicine u svetu.In recent years, Serbia has emerged as a significant environment for startup
development, driven by advancements in technological infrastructure, a highly educated
workforce, and various financial support programs. Over the past two years, there has been
impressive growth with around 300 newly formed startups and over 6,000 employees. The
Startup Scanner 2024 survey showed that the domestic innovation ecosystem continues to
see significant growth of 20% to 30% of new startups annually. At the core of startups are
innovative ideas for creating new products or services with the potential for rapid market
growth and a large user base. Every successful startup is backed by a multidisciplinary
team with a shared vision, values, knowledge, and skills. The startup ecosystem in Serbia
comprises a network of participants, resources, and institutions that strive to follow global
entrepreneurial trends. Great potential for this kind of business has been identified in areas
such as food quality and safety, agriculture, biotechnology, medical technologies, as well
as the application of artificial intelligence, data processing and analytics. This is reflected
in the growing interest in developing new processes, technologies, products, and ways
of providing services. One of the main strategies to support the establishment, growth,
and development of startups is providing access to mentors, capital, and markets. Within
Serbia’s ecosystem, the Innovation Fund supports startup development through incubator
and accelerator programs, strengthening the ties between the academic and business
communities. This paper provides insight into the development phases of an effective
startup, from the initial idea to realization, and examples of successful startups in veterinary
medicine worldwide.Zbornik predavanj