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Examination of factors that affect the hormones content in raw and commercial cow's milk
No full textIstraživanje je obuhvatilo određivanje koncentracije hormona u mleku krava u različitim fazama laktacije, mleku iz laktofriza i maloprodajnom mleku. Uzorci mleka i krvi prikupljeni su 10., 30., 60., 90., 150., 180., 210., 250. i 280 dana laktacije od četrnaest krava holštajn rase i u njima su određivane koncentracije hormona, masti i proteina u mleku i biohemijskih parametara krvi. U iste svrhe uzorkovano je mleko iz laktofriza i nabavljeno je komercijalno mleko sa 1,5% i 3,2% mlečne masti. Koncentracije insulinu-sličnog faktora rasta-1 (IGF-1) u mleku bile su značajno niže 90., 150., 180., 210. i 250. dana i značajno više 10., 30. i 60. dana laktacije poredeći sa laktacionim prosekom (LP). Insulin je imao značajno niže koncentracije u mleku 30., 60. i 90. dana i značajno više koncentracije 210., 250. i 280. dana laktacije poredeći sa LP. Koncentracija slobodnog tiroksina je bila viša 250. dana, dok je nivo slobodnog trijodotironina bio značajno niži 30., 60., 90. i 280. dana i značajno viši 10. i 180. dana u poređenju sa odgovarajućim LP. Nivo kortizola u mleku je bio niži 60. i 280. dana laktacije poredeći sa LP. Koncentracije progesterona određene 10., 30., 60. i 90. dana su bile statistički značajno niže a koncentracije određene 150., 180., 210. i 250. dana značajno više u odnosu na LP. Koncentracije estrogena određene 10., 30., 60., 90. i 150. dana su bile značajno niže a koncentracije 180., 210. i 250. dana značajno više u odnosu na LP.Svi hormoni su imali značajno niže koncentracije u komercijalnom mleku sa 1,5% masti nego u komercijalnom mleku sa 3,2% masti, mleku iz laktofriza i LP. Izuzetak je LP za IGF-1, koji je bio značajno niži nego nivo IGF-1 u komercijalnom mleku sa 1,5% masti, kao i LP za estogen koji se nije značajno razlikovao u odnosu na nivo estrogena u u komercijalnom mleku sa 1,5% masti. Biohemijski parametri krvi su blago fluktuirali tokom laktacije, ali su ostali u referentnom opsegu. Koncentracije hormona u kravljem mleku fluktuiraju tokom laktacije, što daje značaj mleku u kontekstu javnog zdravlja.The study aimed to determine the concentration of hormones in cow’s milk sampled from different phases of lactation, bulk-tank milk and retail milk. Milk and blood samples were taken from fourteen Holstein cows on the following days in lactation (DIL): 10, 30, 60, 90, 150, 180, 210, 250 and 280 to determine milk hormones, fat and protein content and blood biochemical parameters. For the same purpose, bulk-tank milk was sampled and samples of retail milk with 1.5% and 3.2% fat was purchased. Milk insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) values were significantly lower at 90, 150, 180, 210 and 250 and significantly higher at 10, 30 and 60 DIL than lactation average (LA). Milk insulin concentrations were significantly lower at 30, 60 and 90 and higher at 210, 250 and 280 DIL than LA. Free thyroxine level in the milk was higher at 250 DIL, while milk free triiodothyronine concentrations were lower at 30, 60, 90 and 280 DIL, and significantly higher at 10 and 180 DIL than respective LA. Milk cortisol levels were lower at 60 and 280 DIL than LA. Milk progesterone concentrations were significantly lower at 10, 30, 60 and 90 and significantly higher at 150, 180, 210 and 250 DIL than lactation average (LA). Milk estrogen concentrations were significantly lower at 10, 30, 60, 90 and 150 and significantly higher at 180, 210 and 250 DIL than lactation average (LA)All measured milk hormones were significantly lower in retail milk with 1.5% fat compared to retail milk with 3.2% fat, bulk-tank milk and LA. An exception was the LA of IGF-1, which was significantly lower than the IGF-1 content in retail milk with 1.5% fat as well as the LA of estrogen, which did not significantly differ compared to the estrogen content in retail milk with 1.5% fat. Blood biochemical parameters fluctuated evenly during lactation and were within the reference range. Hormone concentrations in cow’s milk fluctuate during lactation, giving milk an important role in the context of public health
Mechanisms, exposure, and reduction strategies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in charcoal-grilled meat
No full textMeat cooked on a charcoal grill produces polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) through
pyrolysis, incomplete combustion, and fat dripping onto heat sources. High meat consumption
and the use of charcoal in traditional Serbian grilling techniques encourage the formation
of PAHs, especially carcinogenic substances like benzo[a]pyrene. PAH levels are
greatly influenced by variables like fuel type, grilling method, temperature, and fat content.
Indirect grilling, pre-treatments, and marinades high in antioxidants all successfully lower
PAH contamination. Dietary PAHs have been linked by epidemiological data to an increased
risk of cancer, and grilling environments present additional health risks due to occupational
exposure. Preventive measures must be put in place to reduce exposure to PAHs and the
health risks they pose. This review emphasizes the pressing need for additional research and
public health initiatives to lower PAH exposure while maintaining culinary customs
Health risk assessment of metal intake from fish species caught from the Danube River in Serbia
No full textThe aim of the present study was to assess the potential health risks associated with the consumption
of metals accumulated in fish meat of common carp, Wels catfish, and silver carp
caught from 2010 to 2021 from the Danube River in Serbia. Therefore, estimation of daily
intake rate (EDI), percentage of provisional tolerable weekly intake (% PTWI), target hazard
quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI), and target cancer risk (TR) were calculated. Results of
health risk assessments showed that the highest values of EDI were found for Hg in common
carp, for As, Hg, and Pb in silver carp, while in Wels catfish the highest EDI was detected
for Pb and Hg. In all three fish species, the highest % PTWI values were determined for Hg,
while % PTWI for As, Cd, and Pb were lower than 5%. HIs higher than 1 were detected in
common carp and Wels catfish during 2013 and in Wels catfish during 2010, indicating a
potential for adverse non-carcinogenic health effects. In silver carp, HIs were lower than 1.
The TR for As from 2010 to 2021 was regarded as acceptable, except in common carp during
2013, when it was defined as an unacceptable carcinogenic risk (higher than 10-4). The TR
for Cr ranged from 10-6 to 10-4 in all three fish species, so was regarded as acceptable, while
the TR for Pb was indicated as negligible (lower than 10-6)
Mild technologies in meat processing: balancing nutritional quality and safety
No full textThis paper discusses the application of mild processing technologies in the meat industry,
with emphasis on their role in preserving nutritional quality and ensuring product safety.
Given the highly perishable nature of meat, conventional processing techniques, such as
chilling, freezing, curing, smoking, drying and heat treatment, have been employed to extend
its shelf life. However, these approaches, especially thermal processing, often compromise
sensitive nutrients. In response, optimization of conventional methods, hurdle system application,
as well as modern non-thermal and low-intensity technologies, including highpressure
processing (HPP), pulsed electric fields (PEF), ultrasound, and cold plasma, have
been developed as effective alternatives. These methods achieve microbial inactivation
while minimizing nutritional and sensory degradation. Furthermore, the combination of mild
technologies with optimized conventional methods (e.g., sous-vide cooking, vacuum drying,
modified atmosphere packaging, biopreservation etc.) has demonstrated synergistic effects
in enhancing product quality and satisfying shelf life. This integrated approach supports the
production of clean-label, minimally processed meat products that align with contemporary
consumer expectations. The findings underscore the potential of mild technologies to
contribute significantly to the future of meat processing through improved product safety,
functionality, and nutritional retention
Food safety , consumer trust and emerging trends
No full textThe complexity of today’s global food industry demands robust food safety systems that
go beyond technical solutions. Sustainable production, advanced technologies, and circular
economy principles are essential to meet the needs of a growing population. Despite
regulatory controls, incidents of contamination persist, impacting consumer trust as a key
foundation of food safety. Modern food safety systems must address both accidental and
intentional risks, including food fraud, through transparent communication and proactive
management. Establishing a strong food safety culture, with leadership and risk awareness,
is crucial for transitioning from reactive to proactive systems. Ultimately, integrated approaches
and stakeholder engagement are vital for building resilient, trustworthy, and sustainable
food systems
Zdravstvena zaštita svinja u farmskom uzgoju
No full textCilj intenzivne proizvodnje svinja na komercijalnim farmama je proizvesti što veći broj
odbijene prasadi odnosno tovljenika po krmači godišnje. Za postizanje ovog cilja neophodno je
uspostaviti visoku reproduktivnu efikasnost priplodnih životinja. To se može postići adekvatnom
zdravstvenom zaštitom, savremenom tehnologijom i dobrom organizacijom proizvodnje uz
primenu odgovarajućih postupaka u tehnologiji veštačkog osemenjavanja. Nastoji se u današnjoj
proizvodnji na farmama svinja da se fenomen stresa svede na najnižu moguću meru. Zdravstveni
status zapata zavisi od velikog broja činilaca , kao što su su tehnologija držanja, nege, ishrane,
organizacija, stepen obučenosti kadrova kao i sistematsko sprovođenje mera zdravstvene zaštite.
Danas smo svedoci da veliki broj oboljenja bakterijske, virusne etiologije kao i pojedine
parazitoze mogu ozbiljno ugroziti proizvodnju svinja u intenzivnom uzgoju. Ove bolesti moguće
je primenom profilaktičkih i terapeutskih mera, kao i pojačanim nadzorom stručnih službi držati
pod kontrolom. Kontrola zdravlja primenom programa zdravstvene zaštite, kroz preventivne i
kurativne mere i protokole eksterne i interne biozaštite predstavljaju imperativ u proizvodnji.Zbornik radov
Formic acid-based preparation in Varroa destructor control and its effects on hygienic behavior of Apis mellifera
No full textVarroa destructor remains a major threat to honey bee (Apis mellifera) health, requiring
effective and sustainable control strategies. In this study, a formic acid-based product
(Formic Pro™) was tested for its varroacidal efficacy and effects on hygienic behavior
of honey bee colonies. Sixty hives were assigned to three groups: Formic Pro group
(n = 30), Positive control treated with amitraz (n = 15), and untreated Negative control
(n = 15). Efficacy was assessed by daily mite drop counts, while hygienic behavior was
evaluated before and after treatment using the “pin-killed” brood method. The Formic Pro
group achieved a mite mortality rate of 88.37% ± 0.23, while amitraz as a control exerted
94.30% ± 0.95 efficacy. The treatment was well tolerated, with no queen losses, minimal
and transient brood effects, followed by brief bearding on the first day of trial. Hygienic
behavior significantly increased in the Formic Pro group (PCC from 96.69% to 99.01%,
p < 0.001), while it declined in the Negative control and remained unchanged in the
Positive control group. These results demonstrate that the tested formic acid-based product
provides high acaricidal efficacy which is tolerated well in colonies and that it stimulates a
key behavioral defense mechanism through hygienic behavior, providing benefits both for
Varroa control and colony resilience
Upotreba implantata GnRH superagoniste za dugotrajnu reverzibilnu kontracepciju i njegov uticaj na pojavu estrusa i hormonalni status kod juvenilnih kuja
No full textOvariektomija, ovariohisterektomija i orhidektomija su najčešće hirurške intervencije koje
se rutinski izvode u veterinarskoj praksi kod malih životinja. Incidencija komplikacija nakon
ovariektomije ili ovariohisterektomije je relativno visoka i kreće se između 12% i 32%.
Komplikacije neposredno nakon ovariektomije ili ovariohisterektomije uključuju krvarenje,
vaginalno krvarenje, infekciju ili dehiscenciju rane, formiranje seroma, komplikacije usled
anestezije, apsces grlića materice, reakciju tkiva na materijal za šivenje što može dovesti i do
stvaranja granuloma ili fistula. Dugoročne komplikacije uključuju sindrom zaostalog jajnika,
piometru, piometru zaostalog dela cerviksa "patrljka", fistule ili granulom patrljka, ozlede
uretera, opstipaciju, uretro-, veziko-, enterovaginalne, kao i vaginoperitonalne fistule,
opstrukcije kolona, pijelonefritis, urinarnu inkontinenciju, pararenalne pseudociste,
hidronefrozu, a neretko i preteranu gojaznost. Poslednjih godina, na tržištu se pojavio veliki
broj preparata, od kojih mnogi imaju više od jedne indikacije i mogućnosti primene. Kod
potrebe za dugotrajnim ili permanentnim sprečavanjem polnog žara preporučuje se
hirurška sterilizacija ženki i mužjaka, kao metod izbora, međutim sve više se govori o
negativnim efektima rane (prepubertalne) sterilizacije i njihovim mogućim komplikacijama.
Osnova za efikasnost u izazivanju infertilnosti kod određene vrste je razumevanje
reproduktivnog ponašanja i fiziologije date vrste, i korišćenje tog znanja za odabir
najpodesnije metode kontracepcije. Kontraceptivno sredstvo mora biti efikasno u
izazivanju infertilnosti. Supresija estrusa kod kuja se postiže aplikacijom, uglavnom,
progesteronskih preparata (gestagena), mada se mogu koristiti i sintetski anabolički steroidi
(miboleron), međutim, sa navedenim sredstvima nisu postignuti zadovoljavajući rezultati.
Deslorelin preparati, GnRH agonisti imaju veliku perspektivu u menadžmentu i kontroli
estrusa kuja. Implantati GnRH agonista su subkutane insercije sporo-otpuštajućeg GnRH,
kao što su implanti sa 4,7 mg i 9,4 mg deslorelin acetata, i predstavljaju odličnu alternativu
reverzibilne kontrole ovarijalne aktivnosti. Ubacivanjem implantata sporo-otpuštajućeg
GnRH agoniste, prirodno pulsativno otpuštanje hormona hipotalamusa i hipofize je
blokirano. Posledično dolazi do bazičnog otpuštanja gonadotropina, koje se reperkutuje na
smanjenu sintezu i otpuštanje folikulostimulirajućeg i luteinizirajućeg hormona
prevenirajući folikularno razviće, odnosno dovodi do privremenog dugotrajnog odlaganja
polnog ciklusa i problema koji su vezani za polni ciklus. Vrlo malo studija je opisalo
odlaganje puberteta korišćenjem deslorelin implantata kod kuja, ali postoje literaturni
navodi koji su potvrdili efikasnost ove metode kontracepcije. Starost kuja igra važnu ulogu
u odgovoru na implantat .
Cilj ovog istraživanja jeste određivanje dužine kontraceptivnog perioda nakon aplikacije
agoniste GnRH kod juvenilnih kuja u prepubertetnom periodu i utvrđivanje efekata na
hormonski status (estrogen, progesteron, melatonin), kao i na pojavu normalnog
fiziološkog estrusa nakon perioda supresije.
Dvanaest vlasničkih kuja mešanaca starosti od 3 do 4 meseca podeljeno je u dve grupe,
tretiranu grupu (DESLO) i kontrolnu (placebo) grupu (K). Kod DESLO grupe aplikacija
implantata GnRH vršena je u regiji pupka (supkutano). Hormonski testovi, vaginalni
mikrobiološki i citološki brisevi i merenje električnog otpora cervikalne sluzi vršeni su
jednom svake 3 nedelje do pojave prvih znakova proestrusa, a tokom estrusa svaki dan.
Aplikacija implantata GnRH nije izazvala neželjene efekte i nije primećen vidljiv odgovor
na aplikaciju - efekat "razbuktavanja". GnRH implantat je značajno odložio vreme početka
estrusa (633 ± 30,38 naspram 143,80 ± 52,30 dana, P<0,001). U estrusu, DESLO grupa je
pokazala statistički veće serumske koncentracije estrogena (34,58 pg/mL naspram 20,59
pg/mL, P<0,001) i koncentracije melatonina (45,86 pg/mL naspram 18,85 pg/mL,
P<0,001) u poređenju sa kontrolnom grupom. Prosečne koncentracije progesterona u
serumu nisu pokazale statistički značajne razlike između ispitivanih grupa. U zaključku,
deslorelin implantati ne izazivaju efekat „razbuktavanja“ kod prepubertalnih kuja mlađih od
4 meseca starosti, ali su primećene značajno veće koncentracije E2 i melatonina u serumu.
Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju potrebu za budućim sveobuhvatnijim istraživanjima koji će
ispitati uticaj aplikacije deslorelina na serumske koncentracije melatonina
Potential protective effect of cytomegalovirus against multiple sclerosis: novel evidence from a global correlation
No full textMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, immune-mediated disease of the central
nervous system characterized by inflammation and progressive neuronal damage.
Its exact etiology remains unclear, but it is widely accepted that both genetic
predisposition and environmental factors contribute to disease onset and
progression. Infections have drawn significant attention, with recent studies
proposing that cytomegalovirus (CMV), a widespread herpesvirus, decreases the
risk of MS. Despite mounting evidence, no comprehensive global analysis of the
association between CMV seroprevalence and MS prevalence has been
conducted to date. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential
correlation between CMV seroprevalence and MS prevalence across the globe
and to critically survey existing literature discussing the proposed protective
effect of CMV in humans and animal models. We examined a potential global
relationship between CMV seroprevalence (state-level data in %) and MS
prevalence per 100,000 individuals across 56 countries using Spearman’s rank
correlation. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS version 26. Our
correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant inverse relationship
between CMV seroprevalence and MS prevalence (ρ = –0.682, p < 0.001). These
findings suggest a global inverse association between CMV seroprevalence and
MS. Although correlation does not prove causation, our results support the
hypothesis that CMV may exert a protective effect against MS, warranting further
mechanistic and experimental studies.Book of abstract
One health approach to Leptospirosis - dogs as environmental sentinels for identification and monitoring of human risk areas
No full textLeptospirosis has been a neglected and reemerging disease of global importance for public health with high morbidity and mortality in humans and animals and is considered the most widespread zoonotic disease worldwide. Leptospirosis has been considered an underdiagnosed infection mostly due to asymptomatic and nonpathognomonic initial symptoms, similar to other febrile-hemorrhagic-icteric illnesses such as the flu, hepatitis, Dengue fever and hantaviruses, making the clinical diagnosis a challenge and leading to case underreporting. Thus, despite the estimative annual worldwide incidence of 1.03 million cases, 58,900 deaths these numbers should be actually even higher. Leptospirosis is a disease with a complex epidemiology, and some determinants in their appearance are the interaction among the bacteria, reservoir hosts, susceptible animals and the environment in which they all coexist. A wide variety of mammals can act as reservoirs of Leptospira and then shedding them through urine, thus contaminating the environment. As human-to-human transmission has been rarely reported, the One Health approach has been mandatory to better understanding the animal and environmental role in the maintenance of Leptospira spp., as well as indicating risk areas for the monitoring and prevention of new human and animal case. Dogs play an important role in the epidemiology of Leptospira infection as they can act as both incidental and maintenance hosts with or without clinical symptoms, shedding leptospires in their urine contaminating the environment, which is a serious risk to public health. Direct transmission of leptospires from dogs to humans is rather uncommon. Earlier works using a One Health approach to study canine leptospirosis demonstrated the potential for dogs to act as sentinels for leptospirosis and to detect early risk of disease in humans. Given increasing global temperatures and frequency and intensity of precipitation events, the prevalence of canine and human leptospirosis is expected to increase. Studying canine leptospirosis using a One Health approach presents a unique opportunity to improve understanding of leptospirosis in animals and humans, surpassing its singular impact on canine health. Differences in human and dog serology may reflect distinct infection patterns according to host species. Higher prevalence of seropositive dogs in a specific area may indicate spirochete circulation among animal populations, occasionally leading to human infection. Such large-scale research can provide experts in human and veterinary medicine with significant data on the eco-epidemiology of leptospirosis and develop effective prevention strategies and control measures, especially in certain areas considered to be at higher risk and with reduced financial resourcesBook of abstract