HAL-Paris1
Not a member yet
124252 research outputs found
Sort by
Opening the doors. Legal consequences of breaching international climate obligations in the ICJ Advisory Opinion
No full textInternational audienceIn its landmark advisory opinion on States' obligations regarding climate change, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) tackled the highly contentious issue of the legal consequences of unlawful acts and State responsibility. While the Court adopted a more cautious approach on this matter than it did when interpreting States' primary obligations, it strategically avoided addressing certain questions, arguing that they could only be fully examined in the context of a specific dispute or a more targeted request for an advisory opinion. Despite this prudence, the Opinion delivered groundbreaking insights into the content and scope of States' climate obligations, thereby enhancing legal certainty in this area of international law. By adopting a progressive stance, the ICJ's Opinion lays the foundation for holding States accountable for their climate inaction. It has the potential to act as a catalyst for change, not only by reshaping climate negotiations but also by empowering climate litigation worldwide.Although the Opinion is not formally binding, its persuasive authority could significantly influence State climate policies, particularly at a time when many governments, and by extension businesses, appear to be backtracking on their commitments.In doing so, the ICJ's Opinion may well redefine the legal and political landscape of global climate governance
Le chirurgien et l’algorithme : intelligences en chair et en nombres
No full textInternational audienceLes discours sur l’intelligence artificielle générative, à l’instar de ceux qui ont accompagné les processus d’automatisation antérieurs, sont emplis de promesses. L’une d’elle laisse entendre que les modes d’action et de connaissance sensibles, expérientiels, qualitatifs, incorporés, qui étaient jusqu’à présent l’apanage des êtres humains, seraient désormais à la portée des machines et donc bientôt caduques.Sur la base d’une exploration anthropologique, ce livre montre de façon contre-intuitive qu’il n’en est rien. Si les développements technologiques les plus récents tendent à valider la thèse du remplacement, les technologies numériques d’analyse des images ne nécessitent pas moins d’interprétation, de distance critique et de connaissance clinique, mais davantage. La tentative d’automatiser les modes de connaissances et d’action qualitatifs bute sur l’hétérogénéité et l’infinie variabilité individuelle du vivant avec laquelle doivent composer les chirurgiens. Les gains de sécurité doivent également être nuancés, en raison des incertitudes nouvelles que ces automatismes génèrent. Face à ces nouvelles incertitudes, les modes de connaissance et d’action dits traditionnels ou qualifiés péjorativement d’« artisanaux », parce qu’en phase avec la contingence du réel, regagnent en légitimité en même temps que s’éclaire leur signification profonde
Histoire politique de la cité maya de Naachtun à la période classique dans le contexte des Basses Terres centrales.: Thèse de HDR
No full textThis manuscript deals with political history of the maya city of Naachtun, Peten guatemala, compared with the archaeological data gathered in the frame of the Naachtun project (2010-2025).Ce manuscrit traite de l'histoire politique de la cité maya de Naachtun, Peten, Guatemala, comparé aux données archéologiques récoltées dans le cadre du projet Naachtun (2010-2025)
Une tête de pont de l'Université de Strasbourg en Rhénanie occupée: le Centre d'Etudes Germaniques à Mayence (1921-1930)
No full textInternational audienc
Algunas lecciones de la crisis del Preclásico maya: un punto de vista desde la microrregión de Naachtun
No full textInternational audienc
Visage(s) des générations futures en droit international : un clair-obscur
No full textInternational audienc
The Pearl of the Empire? Private Capital and Concession Rubber in Indochina, 1910-1945
No full textIn this paper, we provide an estimate of "colonial returns" in the French Empire, using a case study on Indochinese rubber plantations between 1910 and 1945. While French colonial capitalism is often distinguished from British and Dutch cases as purely mercantilist and speculative, we show that capital investments and profits were sustained and long-lasting for a number of firms in this context. Relying on an exhaustive list of listed and non-listed companies, along with capital stock, equity prices, surfaces, tonnage, and labor usage, we explain how rubber became, in less than three decades, the colony's primary crop in export value. In doing so, this paper makes three contributions to the economic history of late colonialism. First, we provide a comparison to recent studies of "colonial returns" in South East Asia: as a late-comer to the industry, Indochina benefited from innovations implemented elsewhere, and remained insulated from global limitations on production during the 1920s and 1930s, along with a rise in the global demand. Second, we show that the main driver of capital flows was a new iteration of the concession regime -the mise en valeur -, which provided firms a lenient access to land and unfree, contract labor in exchange for strict equity and cultivation clauses. As a result, Indochinese plantations had much larger surfaces than elsewhere and a more limited share of smallholder production, but also experienced less speculation than in other parts of the Empire. Third, we show that much of the gains happened after 1935, following a massive support from the French government during the Great Depression and a shift of exports from France to the U.S. These gains persisted well into the war, following a wave of concentration at the benefit of a small number of firms; pointing to the long, postcolonial legacies of colonial capital