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Review of G. Ioannidopoulos, La Questure. Histoire d’une magistrature de la République romaine (264-27 av. J.-C.). Brussels: Presses Universitaires de Liège, 2024. Pp. 820, illus. isbn 9782875624208 (pbk), €49.00.
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Le contrat d'engagement jeune - jeunes en rupture : une évaluation quantitative
No full textCe rapport propose une analyse quantitative du dispositif « Contrat d’engagement jeune – Jeunes en rupture » dans le cadre du programme « Contrat d’engagement jeune » (CEJ) mis en place en 2022 et remplaçant la Garantie Jeunes. Ce rapport complète ainsi l’analyse de l’impact du CEJ sur les trajectoires des bénéficiaires, réalisée simultanément
Nouvelles découvertes sur la nécropole de Sarazm-2 dans la vallée de Zeravchan, Tadjikistan. Résultats préliminaires des saisons 2023-2024 de la MAFAC
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L’apparence de l’action. A propos des règles encadrant la lutte contre le changement climatique
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Lâcher son voile et partir en hélicoptère : Les Aventures de Rabbi Jacob
No full textVoyages autour de mon cerveauTiphaine Martin, « Lâcher son voile et partir en hélicoptère : Les Aventures de Rabbi Jacob », Voyages autour de mon cerveau, février 2026. URL : https://vadmc.hypotheses.org/2827
Catholics without a bishop. The influence of religious structures on the agency of enslaved Africans in the French Caribbean (17th-18th centuries)
No full textInternational audienceThis paper aims to shed a new light on the way ecclesiastical structures of slave societies in the French Caribbean (Martinique and Saint-Domingue) constrained the agency of the enslaved. Despite multiple attempts by the monarchy and the Holy See to establish a bishopric, it was not until 1850, two years after the abolition, that the first bishopric was established in Martinique. Using Roman archives (Congregations of Propaganda and the Holy Office) and colonial archives (held at the ANOM in Aix-en-Provence), this paper analyses the logic behind the repeated refusal of the colonial administration and planters to establish a bishopric. I will show that the absence of a bishopric was a political choice aimed at perpetuating the precarious socio-racial balance of these societies. The paper will also examine the consequences of this absence of a bishopric on the daily lives of the enslaved: it limited their ability to assert their rights as Christians. This analysis offers thus a new interpretation of the role of Catholicism in slave societies, contrary to the majority of works on Iberian Catholic colonies (Cuba, Mexico, Peru, Brazil), which have highlighted the agency of the enslaved, particularly before ecclesiastical courts, and the integrative role of brotherhoods. While a biographical approach emphasising the agency and resistance of enslaved people is currently prevailing in the historiography of Atlantic slavery, this paper stresses the need to take greater account of the weight of structures, in this case religious ones, in order to fully understand the driving forces behind slave domination.Ce papier propose d’analyser la façon dont les structures ecclésiastiques des sociétés esclavagistes de la Caraïbe française (Martinique et Saint-Domingue) ont contraint l’agency des esclaves. Malgré plusieurs tentatives de la métropole et du Saint-Siège pour ériger un évêché, il faut attendre 1850, deux ans après l’abolition de l’esclavage, pour voir établi le premier évêché en Martinique. A partir d’archives romaines (Congrégations de la Propagande et du Saint-Office) et coloniales (conservées aux ANOM, Aix-en-Provence) sur le dossier de l’évêché, il s’agit d’analyser les logiques du refus répété de l’administration coloniale et des planteurs à l’érection d’un évêché. Je propose de montrer que l’absence d’évêché est un choix politique visant à perpétuer l’équilibre socio-racial précaire de ces sociétés. Le papier interrogera par ailleurs les conséquences de cette absence d’évêché sur le quotidien des esclaves : celle-ci limite en effet leur autonomie et leur capacité à se prévaloir de leur statut de chrétiens. Cette analyse propose ainsi une nouvelle lecture du rôle du religieux au sein des sociétés esclavagistes, à rebours des travaux sur les colonies catholiques ibériques aux Amériques (Cuba, Mexique, Pérou, Brésil) qui ont largement mis en avant l’agency des esclaves, en particulier devant les tribunaux ecclésiastiques, et le rôle intégrateur des confréries. Alors que s’impose actuellement dans l’historiographie de l’esclavage atlantique une approche biographique, qui insiste sur l’agency et la résistance des esclaves, ce papier insiste ainsi sur la nécessité de mieux prendre en compte le poids des structures, ici religieuses, pour comprendre pleinement les ressorts de la domination esclavagiste
Preferences and Covid-19 vaccination intentions
No full textInternational audienceWe set up an original vaccination demand model inspired from prospect theory to explain Covid-19 vaccination intentions among French adults. Our extension accounts for patience and valuation of the vaccination as a common good in individual preferences. This framework can explain why over 40% of the French population intended to reject the Covid-19 vaccination at the end of 2020. The model explains differences in vaccination intentions across population subgroups and, most notably, accounts for heterogeneity in vaccination behaviors among younger and older individuals that neither expected utility nor rank-dependent utility can offer. We calibrate the model based on an original survey carried out on a representative sample of the adult French population in November 2020 and allowing to identify curvatures of the value function, the discount rates and the willingness to cooperate. Out-of-sample analysis shows that this model can also predict the evolution of the vaccination intentions between November 2020 and March 2021. Finally, the model suggests that the international differences in the vaccination intentions are closely related to the vaccine-related valuation of the collective immunity
Cueillettes, plantes sauvages et savoir-faire immigrésà Paris et Marseille
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Rock-slope failures as a proxy of a paraglacial denudation crisis. Examples in the Icelandic Westfjords (Dýrafjörður and Önundarfjörður areas)
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Rethinking glacial cirque evolution: an exploratory case study of interglacial sediment contributions in Quaternary cirques widening (Vestfirðir, Iceland)
No full textInternational audienceThe classical paradigm of glacial cirque evolution, centered on glacial erosion, often underestimates the contribution of interglacial periods. This study quantitatively assesses the role of paraglacial (rock-slope failures, RSF) and periglacial (scree) processes in the morphogenesis of eight Quaternary cirques in Vestfirðir, Iceland. The methodology relies on building a Holocene reference model by quantifying the current volumes of cirques and their internal RSF (61.5%) and scree deposits (38.5%). This model is then extrapolated over 22 Quaternary interglacial cycles. The Quaternary extrapolation reveals a continuum of morphogenic controls: in smaller cirques, interglacial processes can account for the majority of the excavated volume, whereas larger cirques are dominated by glacial erosion. This highlights a scale effect. These findings challenge the traditional glacial-centric view and support a positive-feedback model where glacial and interglacial processes act in a synergistic relationship, driving cirque widening over successive climatic cycles. The study thus re-evaluates the role of interglacial slope dynamics as a crucial, and sometimes primary, agent in cirque development