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Welfare vs. Utility
No full textDocuments de travail du Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne 2025.03R - ISSN : 1955-611X , eISSN : 2968-6687Economists routinely measure individual welfare by (von-Neumann-Morgenstern) utility, for instance when analysing welfare intensity, social welfare, or welfare inequality. Is this welfare measure justified? Natural working hypotheses turn out to imply a different measure. It overcomes familiar problems of utility, by faithfully capturing non-ordinal information, such as welfare intensity despite still resting on purely ordinal evidence, such as revealed preferences or self-reported welfare comparisons. Social welfare analysis changes when based on this new individual welfare measure rather than utility. For instance, Harsanyi's 'utilitarian theorem' now supports prioritarianism. We compare the standard utility-based versions of utilitarianism and prioritarianism with new versions based on our welfare measure. We show that utility is a hybrid object determined by two rival inuences: welfare and the attitude to intrinsic risk, i.e., to risk in welfare. A new version of Harsanyi's theorem shows that Harsanyi makes the questionable implicit assumption that society is neutral to intrinsic risk, overruling people's risk attitudes. We thus propose risk-impartial utilitarianism, which adopts people's (average) risk attitude
En quête d'un citoyen moderne. L'enseignement moral et civique entre rénovation et précarisation
No full textInternational audienceBy studying the implementation of a renewed moral and civic education program in French schools from 2015 onwards, this book aims to shed light on the multiple conditions - political, institutional, organizational and intellectual - that shape citizenship education in schools. By reconstructing the different levels and logics of the actors involved in citizenship education as an educational policy, it draws inspiration from the sociology of public action, with the aim of bringing together sociology, philosophy, the history of education and subject didactics, through the analyses of researchers from a variety of disciplinary backgrounds. In the following chapters, these analyses attempt to understand the persistent precariousness of moral and civic education. Under what conditions, then, can school education in citizenship contribute to the effective formation of the citizen? What knowledge does the exercise of citizenship require in today's world? To what extent can political education be independent of moral education? Does civic education require specific teaching, or is it dependent on cross-disciplinary learning?At a time when EMC curricula are once again being revised, the question is to explore in detail the possibilities, but also the obstacles and tensions underlying the project to educate for democratic citizenship at school.En étudiant la mise en place dans les établissements scolaires français d’un enseignement moral et civique rénové à partir de 2015, le présent ouvrage s’attache à mettre en lumière les conditions multiples – politiques, institutionnelles, organisationnelles et intellectuelles – qui président à la formation scolaire du citoyen. L’ouvrage s’inspire de la sociologie de l’action publique pour reconstituer les différents niveaux et logiques d’acteurs qui structurent l’éducation à la citoyenneté comme politique éducative. Ce faisant, il propose une approche résolument interdisciplinaire, croisant sociologie, philosophie, histoire de l’éducation et didactiques des disciplines, nourrie par des travaux de chercheurs d’horizons disciplinaires divers.Au fil des chapitres, ces analyses visent à comprendre la précarité persistante de l’enseignement moral et civique. À quelles conditions alors l’éducation scolaire à la citoyenneté peut-elle contribuer à la formation effective du citoyen ? Quels savoirs l’exercice de la citoyenneté requiert-il dans le monde contemporain ? Dans quelle mesure l’éducation au politique peut-elle s’autonomiser de l’éducation morale ? La formation civique suppose-t-elle un enseignement spécifique ou bien est-elle dépendante d’apprentissages transversaux ? Dans un contexte où les programmes d’EMC sont sujets à de nombreuses réformes, il s’agit ici d’explorer de manière fine les possibles mais aussi les empêchements et les tensions sous-jacentes au projet d’éduquer à la citoyenneté démocratique à l’école
Projection d'extraits de "L’arbre de l’authenticité » de Sammy Baloji et discussion avec Hélène Blais, animée par Emilie Guitard
No full textInternational audienc
La maison ʿAbd al-Qādir Bsīsū: Projet Gaza Histoire, inventaire d'un patrimoine bombardé
No full texthttps://gazahistoire.hypotheses.org/1119
Soutenance de thèse — Diversité, recommandation et algorithmes : l’exemple des services de musique en ligne
No full texthttps://pcen.fr/activites/diversite-recommandation-et-algorithmes-l-exemple-des-services-de-musique-en-ligneJulien M'Barki, chercheur à la Chaire PcEn, a soutenu sa thèse en sciences économiques le mardi 24 février 2026, portant sur la recommandation et la diversité sur les services de musique en ligne
Les essarts du roi. Note sur les transformations d'un système agraire en France au XIIe siècle
No full textInternational audienc
Into the wild. Repenser les rencontres protohistoriques entre les sociétés humaines et leur environnement. XIe Rencontres doctorales de l'école européenne de Protohistoire de Bibracte, Bibracte, 12-16 mars 2025
No full textInternational audienc
Mathematical explanations and axioms as rules*
No full textInternational audienceThis paper bridges two distinct traditions -philosophy of mathematics and proof theory -to provide a formal framework for explanatory proofs in mathematics. By focusing on explanatory proofs that reveal the grounds of mathematical theorems, we formalize their structure using a novel "axioms-as-rules" approach. Our method ensures the transformation of axioms into inference rules while preserving key logical properties such as soundness, completeness, and cut-admissibility.Two classical examples, the Quadrangle Theorem and Pythagoras' Theorem, are revisited to show how explanatory steps can be systematically isolated and formalized. This framework not only offers novel proof-theoretic insights but also enhances our understanding of mathematical explanations by bridging informal intuition with rigorous formalism.</div
Les magiciens et magiciennes du monde gréco-romain: Pratiques, savoirs, représentations
No full textNational audienceContribution to the catalogue of the exhibition "Sorcières" (February 6-June 28 2026, Musée d'Histoire de Nantes).Contribution au catalogue de l'exposition "Sorcières" (6 février-28 juin 2026, Musée d'Histoire de Nantes)
The Anointing of the Kings and the Liturgy of Hosanna in Aksum: Two Mirroring Rites, Witnesses of Medieval Times
No full textInternational audienceThis article explores the historical and symbolic significance of two unique rites in Aksum, Ethiopia: the anointing of kings and the Palm Sunday (Hosanna) liturgy. These rites, deeply rooted in Aksum’s ancient Christian tradition, served as vehicles for preserving memory, legitimizing power, and structuring urban society over centuries.The anointing of kings was a rare but highly symbolic ceremony, performed sporadically from the 13th to the 19th century, primarily in Aksum. Unlike coronations, this rite was optional and emphasized the divine election of the king, linking Ethiopian kingship to the biblical Davidic model. The protocol, described in the Śər’atā qʷərḥat (Regulation for the Shaving), involved twelve Aksumite dignitaries—descendants of figures said to have accompanied the Ark of the Covenant from Jerusalem—who performed the anointing, shaving, and blessing of the king. The rite’s archaic features and conservative nature helped perpetuate Aksum’s prestige, even as the city’s political centrality waned.The Hosanna liturgy, celebrated annually during Palm Sunday, mirrors the anointing rite. It reenacts Christ’s entry into Jerusalem, with Aksum symbolically cast as the "Ethiopian Jerusalem." The liturgy includes processions, the blessing of palm branches, and the chanting of "Qeros, meros"—a fossilized remnant of a Coptic hymn—highlighting Aksum’s ancient ties to Coptic Christianity. The rite is organized by seven elite lineages (balabbat), who preserve their privileges and social memory through this annual ceremony.Wion argues that both rites reflect a symbiotic relationship: the anointing rite, though infrequent, reinforced royal legitimacy, while the annual Hosanna liturgy ensured the continuity of Aksum’s elite and their connection to the city’s sacred past. The Book of Aksum, a compilation of texts including the Śər’atā qʷərḥat, served as a written record of these traditions, linking Aksum’s history to biblical narratives and the Solomonic dynasty.The article underscores how rites, texts, and monuments collectively preserved Aksum’s identity as a sacred and royal city, despite its marginalization in later Ethiopian history. By analyzing these rites in their historical and social contexts, Wion reveals how Aksum’s elite adapted to changing power structures while maintaining their ritual and symbolic authority