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Dans la besace du voyageur. Représentations des bagages et de leur contenu dans les mondes grec et romain
No full textInternational audienc
Electrical resistivity tomography for geohazard assessment in West Lombok’s alluvial plain
No full textInternational audienceElectrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is widely used for mapping subsurface conditions and is very useful for assessing geohazards. Variations in resistivity can suggest anomalies that can be linked to fault zones, or sediment layering that specifies a particular body, such as sediment-filled basins, or loose soils that are prone to earthquake amplification, liquefaction, and ground failure. This study examines two alluvial plains in West Lombok: Mataram city (the densely populated capital) and Tanjung (a coastal tourist area). Alluvial plains are especially vulnerable to geohazards because their loose, water-saturated sediments intensify seismic shaking and raise liquefaction risks during earthquakes. Our ERT models show a consistent subsurface structure: sand-dominated layers extending beyond 30 meters, topped by pumicerich volcanic deposits. In some areas, shallow groundwater ( < 2 meters deep) was detected, further increasing liquefaction potential. Specific resistivity patterns match known liquefaction features, which suggest historical liquefaction had occurred in Mataram. These results emphasize the importance of combining ERT with direct methods, such as trenching and boreholes, to verify subsurface models and refine hazard assessments
Le Liban, une démographie sous contrainte géopolitique
No full textInternational audienceIn addition to its own crises, Lebanon has always absorbed those of its neighbors. This was particularly the case in 2011 when the Syrian civil war (2011-2024) began, causing several million Syrians to flee their country. They sought refuge mainly in Turkey, Jordan, and Lebanon. Lebanon quickly took in more than a million refugees. The sudden and massive arrival of this population could change the demographic characteristics of the country.En plus de ses propres crises, le Liban a toujours absorbé celles de ses voisins. C’est notamment ce qui s’est passé en 2011 lorsque la guerre civile syrienne (2011-2024) a commencé et a conduit plusieurs millions de Syriens à fuir leur pays. C’est principalement en Turquie, en Jordanie et au Liban qu’ils se sont réfugiés. Le Liban en a ainsi rapidement accueilli plus d’un million. L'arrivée aussi soudaine que massive de cette population pourrait changer la donne démographique dans ce pays
Dynamique territoriale et repli identitaire dans les quartiers de N’Djamena : entre fragmentation urbaine et quête de cohésion sociale
No full textInternational audienceN’Djamena, the capital of Chad, is experiencing rapid and disorganised urbanisation, driven by strong population growth and ineffective public management. This dynamic has fostered a growing sense of identity withdrawal: residents increasingly prioritise their ethnic or community affiliations over national identity. The phenomenon is further exacerbated by political manipulation, land rivalries and failures of governance, undermining social cohesion and limiting prospects for peace and sustainable development. The study focuses particularly on the city’s districts, analysing the impact of territorial fragmentation on identity dynamics and inter-community tensions. It examines how the lack of urban planning fuels land and identity conflicts, while assessing the role of traditional mediations (national languages, chieftaincies) in social resilience. A comparison is also made between districts that have experienced violence and those with more mixed populations. The methodology combines qualitative interviews, field observations and quantitative analyses (descriptive statistics, factor analysis). Data is drawn from reports, local surveys, interviews and indicator tables. Using these tools, the study highlights the ethnic mosaic of N’Djamena: some districts remain associated with specific groups, while internal mobility complicates the social mapping. Tensions are mainly expressed around land issues and the absence of planning, exacerbating violence and hindering integration, especially on the outskirts. In response, the National Strategy for Social Cohesion (2024-2029) aims to strengthen the rule of law and dialogue but suffers from a lack of coordination and citizen participation. The study recommends more inclusive territorial governance, fair spatial planning, the strengthening of traditional mediations and the development of participatory tools to establish lasting peace in N’Djamena.urlr.me/m4FUgyN’Djamena, la capitale du Tchad, fait face à une urbanisation rapide et désorganisée, provoquée par une forte croissance démographique et une gestion publique inefficace. Cette dynamique a favorisé un repli identitaire croissant : les habitants privilégient leur appartenance ethnique ou communautaire au détriment de l’identité nationale. Ce phénomène est exacerbé par des manipulations politiques, des rivalités foncières et des failles de gouvernance, compromettant la cohésion sociale et limitant les perspectives de paix et de développement durable. L’étude s’intéresse particulièrement aux quartiers de la ville, analysant l’impact de la fragmentation territoriale sur les dynamiques identitaires et les tensions intercommunautaires. Elle examine comment l’absence de planification urbaine alimente les conflits fonciers et identitaires, tout en évaluant le rôle des médiations traditionnelles (langues nationales, chefferies) dans la résilience sociale. Une comparaison est également menée entre les quartiers ayant connu des violences et ceux à population plus mixte. La méthodologie adoptée combine entretiens qualitatifs, observations de terrain et analyses quantitatives (statistiques descriptives, analyse factorielle). Les données proviennent de rapports, enquêtes locales, entretiens et tableaux d’indicateurs. Grâce à ces outils, l’étude met en lumière la mosaïque ethnique de N’Djamena : certains quartiers restent associés à des groupes spécifiques, tandis que la mobilité interne complexifie la cartographie sociale. Les tensions s’expriment principalement autour du foncier et de l’absence de planification, exacerbant les violences et entravant l’intégration, notamment en périphérie. Face à ce constat, la Stratégie Nationale de Cohésion Sociale (2024-2029) vise à renforcer l’État de droit et le dialogue, mais souffre d’un manque de coordination et de participation citoyenne. L’étude recommande une gouvernance territoriale plus inclusive, un aménagement équitable, le renforcement des médiations traditionnelles et le développement d’outils participatifs pour instaurer une paix durable à N’Djamena.urlr.me/m4FUg
Explaining is not enough: Appealing explanations should also be surprising
No full textInternational audiencePhilosophers have attempted to define the features that make an explanation a good explanation, and psychologists have shown that people are sensitive to many of these features.Psychologists have also pointed out the importance of the phenomenology of explanations: the pleasure we derive from formulating or encountering good explanations would motivate us to seek more explanations. However, it seems that many good explanations do not trigger such positive feelings: they are good explanations, but they are not particularly appealing. We suggest that for an explanation to be appealing, it should not only explain the relevant phenomenon (be explanatory), but it should also be surprising. This is what we observe in three experiments, using both explanations from past studies, and more ecologically valid explanations gathered on the subreddit Explain Like I'm 5. We also find that the usefulness of the phenomenon being explained is another predictor of the appeal of the explanation. Finally, we show that surprisingness ratings do not depend only on whether the explanation was already known, and that their effect on appeal does not decrease when controlling for prior knowledge.Instead, explanations are judged more surprising when others do not know them, and we hypothesize that internal properties of explanations also play a role.</p
La cour d'appel de Paris rejette le recours contre une décision de conformité de l'AMF d'une offre publique de retrait, fondé sur la critique de l'indépendance de l'expert et des méthodes d'évaluation retenues
No full textInternational audienceParis, Pôle 5, ch. 7, 20 novembre 2025, no 25/10127, Tarket
Pas de siège pour la société créée de fait ?
No full textInternational audienceNote sous Com., 17 septembre 2025, no 23-17.595 (F-B
Topiques de la découverte et figures de l’émerveillement : les lieux communs de la fulgurance savante à l’épreuve de l’histoire des sciences
No full textInternational audienc
Settling on their ground: The shifting land politics of armed actors in the urban margins of Medellín
No full textInternational audienceHow do armed groups shape land orders in the urban margins? While the power dynamics of non-state armed actors over land resources have been extensively studied in rural contexts, urban settings have received far less attention. In response to the growing influence of criminal organizations in the informal land markets of Latin American cities, this article offers a historical perspective on the involvement of armed actors in Medellín’s political economy of urban land. From guerrilla movements in the 1970s to contemporary criminal gangs, we trace how different groups have exercised land control in informal settlements. Building on this historical perspective, we argue that, while control over land access has long been a tool of territorialization for non-state armed actors, the contemporary criminal land market reflects a shift compared to earlier periods, as these actors seek to monopolize land control and extend their regulatory power over local populations