Jurnal STAI Al-Hamidiyah
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How material wealth influences age at first birth among Pimbwe women from Tanzania
No full textWhether a woman has an earlier or later age at first birth may be influenced by the amount of wealth, or its variability. Theory predicts that women tend to delay their first birth when they have high levels of material wealth, and have it earlier when they experience high wealth variability. However, both theoretical and empirical work have focused mainly on the influence of these two aspects of wealth on age at first birth separately. Here, we study how current household wealth and short- and long-term wealth variability, together, influence the reproductive onset of women. We analyse longitudinal data from Tanzanian Pimbwe women (n=495) using Bayesian logistic regression models. Our results show that women who experience higher short-term variability have their first birth earlier, while those with higher current wealth and long-term wealth variability delay it. Although there are no clear differences between the wealth predictors, wealth variability emerges as relatively more important to predict age at first birth than current wealth. Our work contributes to ongoing efforts to disentangle how both the amount and variability of wealth influence the reproductive onset of women, shedding light on the mixed evidence linking wealth and reproductive strategies among women
LogoClim: WorldClim in NetLogo
No full textA NetLogo model for simulating and visualizing global climate conditions. Learn more at: https://sustentarea.github.io/logocli
Speaking Up or Holding Back? How Openness to Experience, Centralization, and Psychological Safety Shape Voice in Organizations
No full textThis research aims to understand the benefits of the personality dimension of openness to experience in organizational context. We draw from trait activation theory and RST to develop a model that considers personality and organizational dynamics that can create or hinder the social support necessary for employees to adopt voice behavior. Specifically, we argue that feelings of psychological safety emerge and encourage voicing from open individuals depending on the centralization dynamics in which they operate. We will test our theory using structural equation modeling with survey data collected from 200 participants, based on centralized and decentralized scenario
TOP 2025: An Update to the Transparency and Openness Promotion Guidelines
No full textOpen science remains vital to the progress and functioning of the global research enterprise. Published in 2015, the Transparency and Openness Promotion Guidelines (TOP 2015) was developed as a policy framework to enhance the verifiability of empirical research claims in journal articles. It has been widely used and adopted by publishers and academic journals, but despite its uptake, concerns have been raised about aspects of the TOP 2015 framework and its implementation. In response to the above, the purpose of this manuscript is to introduce an official update to the TOP Guidelines. The final version—TOP 2025—provides updated guidelines for promoting the verifiability of published empirical research claims
What Makes Co-Speech Gestures Memorable?
No full textCo-speech gestures, which are spontaneous hand movements speakers produce when they talk, strongly enhance listeners’ cognitive processing of the spoken messages across development. Yet, the mechanisms by which gesture supports memory processing, particularly in interaction with speech, remain poorly understood, limiting the intentional use of gesture to improve learning outside of lab settings. Here, we ask whether certain gestures are consistently better remembered across people, independent of prior experience with the stimuli (the memorability effect), and if so, what semantic meaning and visual form features explain this effect. We created 360 10-second audiovisual stimuli by video recording 20 actors producing natural, unscripted speech and gestures while pretending to explain Piagetian liquid conservation to a child. Online participants completed a study–test memory task with video-only, audio-only, and audiovisual versions of the stimuli. Participants showed memory consistencies in all three conditions, and memorability for gesture+speech (audiovisual stimuli) was predicted by the memorability of both its gesture and speech components. We then quantified features of the gestural stimuli using 3 methods: trained coders, automatic computational analysis, and online crowdsourcing. Gestures are more memorable when they convey more information, and are most memorable when originally produced with memorable speech. Together, these findings reveal nuanced interactions between gesture and speech during memory processing, providing new insights into the memory mechanism underlying gesture’s benefits on learning and communications
RadEx: A Framework for Structured Information Extraction from Radiology Reports based on Large Language Models
No full textCognitive demands for task preparation depend on task cue transparency
No full textTask cues are often used to study task preparation. Participants are thought to activate cued task sets in advance to facilitate later task performance. Earlier studies showed that task performance was improved, if the relation of cue and decision categories of the task was more transparent, suggesting a facilitated task preparation process with more transparent cues. In contrast, we previously observed that the level of preparatory task set activation was comparable between four different cue types varying in task cue transparency (Berger et al., 2022). We hypothesized that participants could compensate for non-transparent cues by showing greater engagement in task preparation, thus achieving a similar level of task set activation compared to more transparent cues. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed cue-locked event-related potentials (ERPs) and oscillatory activity of the electroencephalogram (EEG) for four different cue types with varying cue transparency. Increased cue-locked positivity and decreased beta power indicated that task preparation demands were greater for non-transparent cues. However, these differences were mainly driven by arbitrary task cues for which there was no association between cue and decision category. For cues for which cues and decision categories could be linked at least via a mediator, the cue locked positivity and beta power were comparable. In conclusion, task cue transparency influenced electrophysiological correlates related to the preparatory demands required for task set retrieval and should therefore be taken into account when studying task preparation
Time as a Quantum Memory
No full textdownload the latest version from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18674942
We propose a speculative framework in which both matter and spacetime emerge from a
Presentist ontology, where only the current instant exists. We model the Present as an ontological
quantum memory that evolves in discrete instants and encodes entanglement in a fuzzy Euclidean
space. We introduce an elementary massive particle as the fundamental observer, whose quantum
spin is linked to an entanglement across instants. This entanglement is modelled in a time-symmetric
formalism through elementary closed loops and is related to the particle’s experience of the passage
of time. We postulate a holographic bound on the entanglement information accessible within the
observer’s causal cone. From this postulate, we derive the emergence of relativistic proper time as a
subsampling of the global sequence of instants, thereby reconciling Presentism with Special
Relativity, key result of this contribution. We conclude highlighting potential connections with other
quantum gravity approaches and with a brief outlook on open questions and possible experimental
avenues to test the framework
Políticas informadas por evidências para monitoramento do ODS 3 na Amazônia Legal: uma Revisão Rápida
No full textNossa proposta visa mapear de forma sistemática a literatura sobre os esforços em âmbito nacional e internacional para lidar com as metas referentes ao ODS-3. Especificamente, esta revisão proporcionará uma visão abrangente das iniciativas globais em busca dos ODS-3 e como essas ações podem ser adaptadas à realidade da região da Amazônia Legal. Serão considerados todas as metas apresentadas no ODS-3