Jurnal STAI Al-Hamidiyah
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Germicidal Ultraviolet (GUV) to Reduce or Prevent Respiratory Infections Indoors: A Systematic Review
No full textThe production of nasal vowels and primary word stress by L1 Ukrainian speakers of European Portuguese as an L2
No full textThe current study is the first PhD study, which focuses on the effects of absent or deviant phonetic and phonological properties on the perception of foreign accents. Overall, this study analyses the acoustic properties of nasal vowels and primary word stress produced by L1 Ukrainian speakers of L2 European Portuguese at intermediate and advanced levels of proficiency, since Ukrainian does not have nasal vowels and word stress is free (Pompino-Marschall et al., 2017). In the second study, these productions will be rated by L1 European Portuguese speakers on nasality, vowel quality, accentedness, comprehensibility, and intelligibility.
The original experiment can be found on Gorilla Open Materials. The link is provided in the preregistration
Childhood Predictors of Sense of Purpose/Meaning in Life: A Cross-National Analysis (in the Global Flourishing Study)
No full textPrior research documents strong associations between an increased sense of purpose/meaning in life with improved health and well-being outcomes. However, less is known about candidate childhood antecedents that lead to sense of purpose/meaning in life in adulthood. We will use data from a diverse, and international sample of 240,000 individuals across 22 countries, to evaluate 16 childhood candidate predictors of sense of purpose/meaning. We hypothesize that these childhood experiences, personal attributes, and familial or social circumstances will have meaningful and varied associations with adult sense of purpose/meaning in life. Additionally, we anticipate the strength of these associations will differ by country, reflecting diverse societal influences. Using multivariate regression analysis and E-values for robustness check against potential unmeasured confounding, our study aims to provide comprehensive insights into early-life experiences that contribute to the development of a sense of purpose/meaning in life in adulthood. The findings will enhance our understanding of early-life predictors of adult outcomes and provide valuable evidence for informing policy and practice aimed at fostering a sense of purpose/meaning in life as people age
Quantifying Strengths in ADHD
No full textRationale: ADHD is a common neurodevelopmental dcondition. Historically, scientists have focussed their research on the negative symptoms of the condition, while people with ADHD also experience upsides of ADHD. Scientific evidence is however sparse. In qualitative studies various new positive phenotypes of ADHD were identified. It is still unknown how many people with ADHD experience these specific strengths and if these strengths are also mentioned by people who do not have ADHD.
Objective: To investigate if self-reported ADHD strengths (Schippers et al., 2022) are more common in ADHD versus non-ADHD populations.
Study design: Descriptive cross-sectional survey research. We will recruit 200 adults with and 200 without ADHD, through Prolific, an online platform for finding research participants. Participants will fill out online questionnaires. The study methods are based on a prior study in autistic and non autistic individuals (Taylor et al., Autism, 2023)
Study population: We will conduct this study in adult volunteers aged 18-65 years who do not have ADHD, and in people who report to have an official ADHD diagnosis and score above a threshold on an ADHD rating scale.
Main study parameters/endpoints: Our main parameters are scores on different questionnaires investigating positive personality traits, quality of life, strength knowledge, strength use, and ADHD traits.
Nature and extent of the burden and risks associated with participation, benefit and group relatedness: The participants fill out online questionnaires which takes about 15-20 minutes to complete. No risks or direct benefits are associated with participating in this study
The Role of Event Understanding in Guiding Attentional Selection in Real World Scenes: The Scene Perception & Event Comprehension Theory (SPECT)
No full textYour understanding of what you see now surely influences what you will look at next. Yet this simple concept has only recently begun to be systematically studied and elaborated within theoretical frameworks. The Scene Perception & Event Comprehension Theory (SPECT) distinguishes between front-end and back-end processes that occur while viewers perceive and comprehend dynamic real-world events. Front-end processes occur during each eye fixation (information extraction, attentional selection) and back-end processes occur in memory (the current event model, prior knowledge, and executive processes). We begin with a selective review of the scene perception literature on bottom-up and top-down effects on attentional selection in scenes, and highlight unanswered questions regarding the impact of the viewer's event model–their understanding of what is happening now. Then, we outline the SPECT theoretical framework, and review empirical evidence about how the viewer's current event model influences attentional selection. This influence is contrasted with those of visual saliency (e.g., color, brightness, motion, etc.) and task-driven control (i.e., goal setting, attentional control, inhibition). From this review, we specify a hierarchy of factors affecting attentional selection, in the order of task-driven control, visual saliency, and event models. We then propose several mechanisms by which the viewer’s event model influences attentional selection, and propose a systematic approach to investigating how that happens while watching dynamic scenes. (217 words
The Influence of Grammatical Gender on Object Conceptualization Is Weak and Language-Dependent
No full textDo we make gendered associations with objects whose linguistic labels have masculine/feminine grammatical gender? This question derives from the neo-Whorfian view that language shapes our conceptualizations of the world. Previous research has provided mixed answers. Here, we present three experiments where we tested for the gender effect on object conceptualization using a word association approach: a first group of participants generated adjectives for nouns referring to objects and a second group subsequently rated those adjectives for masculinity/femininity. In Experiment 1, with native French speakers, we tested semantically related object nouns that have opposite grammatical gender (masculine vs. feminine) in French; in Experiment 2, with native French and German speakers, we tested translation equivalents having opposite grammatical gender in the two languages. Results from both experiments showed the absence of a gender effect in French, while a small gender effect was found in German. In both experiments, nouns had been presented with a gender-marked determiner. In Experiment 3, we tested a new group of German participants on the same items, which were now presented without determiner; we again observed a small gender effect. Consistent with previous findings, we also found that people ascribe more feminine qualities to natural entities and masculine qualities to artificial entities. Taken together, we conclude that the influence of grammatical gender on object conceptualization is weak and dependent on language
Decreased sound toleranceas a transdiagnostic feature of neurodiversity with loudness hyperacusisas a central player
No full textDecreased sound tolerance (DST) is an important source of impairment for autistic individuals and a research priority for stakeholders. While various sensory symptoms are associated with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) and linearly correlated with autistic traits (ATs), the relative roles of the DST subtypes, hyperacusis, misophonia, and phonophobia, are unknown. We collected psychometric data on loudness hyperacusis, misophonia and phonophobia symptoms from 336 adults (32.4% with ASC) with a broad distribution of ATs, to allow analysis of the association of DST subtypes with both ASC and ATs. We found that symptoms associated with all three DST constructs were elevated in ASC and correlated with higher ATs. However, the presence and severity of misophonia and phonophobia were to a great extent contingent on the presence of loudness hyperacusis. Misophonic triggers related to ASC and ATs were muffled sounds and background talk, rather than the oronasal triggers classically associated with misophonia, such as eating sounds. Limitations include a reliance on self-reported normal peripheral hearing and neurodevelopmental conditions, but strengths include the large sample and highly reliable measures. We conclude that loudness hyperacusis is the dominant DST pattern associated with ASC and ATs
The impact of social drivers of health in pediatric vision screenings: systematic review protocol
No full textImpact of US FDA Safety Communications on Medical Product Utilization and Health Behaviors: A Systematic Review
No full textThe social perception and production of creaky voice in Mandarin and English
No full textThis repository contains data and materials from a project examining the social perception and production of creaky voice in Mandarin Chinese and U.S. English by listeners ranging in experience with these two languages. Different aspects of this project are reported in several conference presentations (see the wiki) as well as two publications: Yao, Li, Li, and Chang (2024, "Perceiving the social meanings of creaky voice in Mandarin Chinese", Speech Prosody 2024) and Yao, Li, and Chang (2026, "Social perception of creaky voice in Mandarin Chinese: Everyone’s gender matters", Humanities and Social Sciences Communications)