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Evaluation of edible oil types used in packaged foods in Turkiye with principal component analysis
Get PDFIn our rapidly changing world, where consumers' expectations for healthy food are on the rise, the edible oil content in packaged foods has become a central focus. Among various types of oils, palm oil is often regarded as one of the most contentious. This research study aimed to identify the types of fats present in packaged food products in Turkiye and examined the reasons for their utilization. A total of 1380 packaged food items, classified into 11 categories, were scrutinized, and the types of oils within their ingredients were classified using principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. The study's results have determined that among packaged food products available in Turkiye, 50.1% contain palm oil, 30.4% contain sunflower oil, 16.4% contain canola oil, 14.9% contain cottonseed oil, 17.9% contain cocoa oil, and 12.6% contain coconut oil. In particular, it was determined that palm oil was used in 91% of bakery products, 81% of margarine and shortening products, and 71.3% of ice creams. Consequently, the data obtained in the context of ongoing debates regarding the fat content in packaged foods, especially concerning palm oil usage, will make a valuable contribution to the literature
Who can afford to dissent at work? The mediating effect of organizational socialization on the relationship between social capital and organizational dissent
Get PDFIntroduction In today's interconnected world, fostering a culture of constructive dissent within organizations is more important than ever. Our study sheds light on how social capital-our networks and relationships-affects employees' ability to express dissent. This study aims to empirically examine whether organizational socialization has a mediating effect on the relationship between social capital and organizational dissent.Methods We utilized surveys to collect data from participants. Quantitative data was collected from 240 employees within the textile in T & uuml;rkiye. We used structural equation modeling through SmartPLS to test four hypotheses.Results According to the results of the SEM, social capital positively affects organizational dissent. Similarly, social capital positively affects organizational socialization. The mediation level of organizational socialization is at the level of partial mediation on the relationship between social capital and organizational dissent. Based on the results, organizational socialization positively affects organizational dissent.Discussion We contribute to the literature by extending social capital research by illustrating that employees' social relationships lead to organizational socialization and organizational dissent behavior at work. The results suggest that the ability of employees to show dissent behavior is conditioned by their social capital and mediated by organizational socialization. This research is particularly relevant in sectors with hierarchical structures, where encouraging voice and participation can lead to significant advancements.The author(s) declare that no financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article
Harmanlanmış Öğrenmede Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Argümantasyon Kalitelerinin İncelenmesi
Get PDFBu araştırmanın amacı harmanlanmış öğrenmede argümantasyon yöntemine uygun olarak hazırlanan etkinlikler kullanılarak yapılan öğretimin, ortaokul yedinci sınıf öğrencilerinin argüman kurma kalitelerine etkisini incelemektir. Bu amaçla fen bilimleri dersi ‘Elektrik Devreleri’ ünitesi etkinlikler ve deneyler yapılarak hem çevrim içi hem de sınıfta yüz yüze şeklinde işlenmiştir. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışmasının kullanıldığı bu çalışmada, kolay ulaşılabilir örneklem ile seçilen yirmi kişilik bir sınıf, araştırmanın Çalışma Grubunu oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin bireysel olarak doldurdukları etkinlikler, Erduran, Simon ve Osborne (2004) tarafından geliştirilen argümantasyon kalite rubriği ile değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemine ait içerik analizi ve betimsel analiz teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizlerde öğrencilerin etkinlikler yapıldıkça argüman kurma ve doğru iddiada bulunma becerilerinin ayrıca kurdukları argüman kalitesinin arttığı, argümantasyon öğelerinden olan çürütücülerin ise net bir şekilde kullanılamadığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu makale Hacettepe Üniversitesi Senatosu Etik Komisyonunun 08 Şubat 2022 tarihinde yapmış olduğu toplantıda inceleyerek E-35853172-399-00002028924 sayılı yazı ile etik açıdan uygun bulduğu doktora tezinden üretilmiştir
A new learning environment for improving pre-service science teachers' views of nature of science: Triple blended learning environment
No full textThis study explored the impact of an extended explicit-reflective instruction through a triple blended learning environment (triple-BLE) on pre-service science teachers' (PSTs) views of the nature of science (NOS). The triple-BLE included face-to-face (F2F), online, and out-of-school time (OST) engagement over two semesters. The study employed a pre-, mid-, and post-test design with random assignment. Seventy PSTs (33 males, 37 females) were randomly assigned to the treatment (N = 34) and control group (N = 36). While F2F and OST learning environments were common for both groups, the treatment group experienced a triple-BLE which integrated online learning into F2F and OST learning environments. Online learning environment used in this study consists of four main and 12 sub-components. The PSTs' NOS views were assessed with the Views of The Nature of Science-Form C questionnaire and follow-up individual semi-structured interviews. The results indicated that most PSTs in both groups initially held na & iuml;ve views about all aspects of NOS. Mid-way, both groups made some positive changes compared to pre-tests, with a slight advantage for the treatment group. At the end of the intervention, the treatment group achieved noticeably more substantial gains in their NOS understanding compared to the control group. The study provides empirical support for the effectiveness of online learning in augmenting and enhancing the impact of F2F and OST experiences in promoting preservice teachers' understanding of NOS
Recursion operator for hybrid magnetic curves
Get PDFFen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Matematik Ana Bilim DalıBir Küresel uzay üzerindeki manyetik eğriler, F manyetik alanının etkisi altında hareket eden yüklü parçacıkların yörüngeleridir. Bu tez öncelikle 3 boyutlu Öklid uzayındaki killing manyetik alanlara karşılık gelen bu eğriler için bazı özellikleri incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. T-manyetik ve e-manyetik eğriler olarak adlandırılan manyetik alanlarda bu eğrilerin bazı karakterizasyonları ve yineleme operatörleri verilip, yörüngeleri araştırılacaktır. Ayrıca uzayda yarı-manyetik eğriler gösterilip bu eğrilerin yineleme operatörleri bulunarak enerjileri hesaplanacaktır.The magnetic curves on a Spherical space are trajectories of charged particles moving on M under the action of a magnetic field F. This paper aims at studying some properties for these curves which corresponding to the Killing magnetic fields in the 3-dimensional Euclidean space. We investigate the trajectories of the magnetic fields called T-magnetic and e-magnetic curves, also we give some characterizations of these curves and recursion operator. Additionally, quasi-magnetic curves are shown in space and we calculate their energies by finding the recursion operator sof these curve
Türkçe Dersi İzlencelerinde Medya Okuryazarlığı Eğitimi Üzerine Bir Durum Tespiti
No full textBu çalışma, Türkçe öğretmenlerinin medya metinleriyle hazırladıkları ders izlencelerinde medya okuryazarlığı ilkelerine ve anahtar sorularına ne derece yer verdiğini tespit etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2022-2023 eğitim-öğretim yılında Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Türkçe Eğitimi Ana Bilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Programı’nda “Medya Okuryazarlığı ve Eğitimde Medyanın Kullanımı” dersini almış (f=7) ve daha önce medya okuryazarlığına yönelik herhangi bir ders almamış (f=7) olan 14 Türkçe öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Öğretmenler Türkiye’nin farklı illerinde Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı’na bağlı orta okullarda görev yapmaktadır. Durum çalışması olarak yapılandırılan çalışmada, 14 Türkçe dersi izlencesi içerik analizi ile yorumlanmıştır. Bulgular; izlencelerde medya okuryazarlığı ilkelerinin bulunma durumunun, medya iletisinin kaynağına, kurgusuna ve tekniğine, medya iletisinden çıkarılabilecek anlamların farklılığına, medya iletisindeki kodlanmış veya kapsam dışı bırakılmış mesajlara ve medya iletisinin gönderilme amacına göre çeşitlilik gösterdiğini ortaya çıkarmıştır
Prediction of groundwater drought based on hydro-meteorological insights via machine learning approaches
No full textThis study aims to predict groundwater drought-based meteorological drought index using machine learning instead of traditional approaches. Groundwater drought (GWD) was predicted using machine learning methodologies such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Least Squares Boosting Tree (LSBT), Generalized Linear Regression (GLR) and kNearest Neighbours (KNN). In addition, monthly, seasonal, and annual drought indices such as the Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), China Z Index (CZI), Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI), ZScore Index (ZSI), Decile Index (DI), Percent of Normal Index (PNI) and Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI) were used to analyse the drought of groundwater. These traditional drought indices were modified for the assessment of groundwater drought. Moreover, groundwater drought was predicted based on the hydro-meteorological parameters (temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, rainfall, groundwater level). The applied models' performances were evaluated via Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), R-squared (R2), Mean Bias Error (MBE), Bias Factor, and Variance Account Factor (VAF). Linear SVM is generally the best model for predicting GWD, while GLR is the second-best performing model. The KNN algorithm obtained the weakest performances. Although all types of drought and wet categories were observed, normal drought occurred more than in the other drought and wet categories. This study can contribute to the assessment of groundwater drought in regions where there is no groundwater station
TESTING MEAN REVERSION OF STOCK PRICES IN OECD COUNTRIES: EVIDENCE FROM FOURIER THRESHOLD UNIT ROOT TEST
Get PDFResearchers focus on whether stock prices have a unit root, that is, whether they contain a random walk process. If stock prices have a stationary process, that is, if they return to the mean, the effects of shocks are temporary, and it is interpreted that they will return to the trend path over time. If stock prices have transitory shocks, it allows for the prediction of future movements based on past behavior in terms of investment. This study investigates whether stock prices revert to the mean and thus have a random walk process. For this purpose, the Fourier Threshold Unit Root (FTUR) test based on the test methodology of Caner and Hansen (2001) for the period January 1990–January 2021 for 26 OECD countries is applied. The FTUR test takes into account both structural breaks and nonlinearities. The purpose of using Fourier functions to account for structural changes is that they are not affected by the number, location, or shape of breaks. Thus, the power of the test increases. According to the results of this test, stock prices in Austria, Canada, Germany, Italy, New Zealand, Spain, and the UK are linear. Therefore, Fourier Augmented Dickey-Fuller (FADF) unit root analysis was performed for these countries. The FTUR test was performed in other countries. According to the results of FTUR and FADF unit root tests, stock prices are found to contain unit roots in some countries except Italy. In some countries, stock prices have a partial unit root structure. In other words, the effects of shocks are permanent, and it is concluded that future returns cannot be predicted in these countries with the random walk process
Soil quality assessment in the Araban plain across various land use types
No full textBackground: Soil is an important resource for improving the quality of human well-being and creating sustainable environmental awareness. Therefore, it is imperative to protect the soil health. This study determined quality of the soils in the Araban plain, Türkiye using three different methods, i.e., principal component analysis (PCA), analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and expert opinion (EO). The major aim was to determine the most appropriate method for determining soil quality and recommending soil protection practices for improving quality. Methods: This study was conducted on an area of approximately 25,000 ha. A total of 230 soil samples (7 pasture areas, 56 orchards, and 167 arable crops) were analyzed to determine key soil quality indicators. A minimum dataset consisting of parameters that best represent the soils of the region was created. Subsequently, PCA was used to predict soil quality with the optimal accuracy using the least amount of data. The EO was incorporated to validate the PCA results. The AHP was used to assign weights to the parameters. Indicators at all sampling points were converted to unitless scorers. These scores were then formulated as soil quality index (SQI) using the weighted summation method. Results: Organic matter (OM) exerted the highest impact on soil quality. Significant variations in SQI values were observed among arable land, orchards land and pastureland (P < 0.01). Significant variations were recorded in SQI values of the assessment methods employed in this study. The lowest (0.552) and highest (0.829) SQI values were recorded for AHP and EO, respectively. Overall, streamlining indicators through PCA gave the most accurate result for SQI value. Subsequently, SQI determination should involve weighing with AHP, particularly towards EO. Conclusion: The AHP was found to be the most appropriate method for evaluating soil quality in Araban. This integrated approach ensures a robust evaluation of soil quality, facilitating more accurate and nuanced insights for informed land management decisions. Overall, 92.61 % of the region's soil had poor and medium soil quality. Therefore, increasing OM content and aggregate stability are suggested to improve soil quality in the study region. © 2024 The Author(s)Harran Üniversitesi, (HÜBAP-22197); Harran Üniversites
Effect of probiotic bacteria supplementation on species diversity i·n the gut microbiota during i·ntermittent fasting
Get PDFFen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Biyoloji Ana Bilim DalıBu tez çalışması, aralıklı oruç (AO) uygulaması sırasında SCD Probiyotiklerinin bağırsak mikrobiyotası üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmıştır. Araştırma, 24 aylık erkek Sprague-Dawley sıçanları üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu sıçanlar, günde 18 saat yiyecekten mahrum bırakılarak aralıklı oruç rejimine tabi tutulmuş ve 30 gün boyunca her gün 3 mL (1 x 108 CFU) SCD Probiyotikleri ile takviye edilmiştir. Deneyin ardından, hem deney hem de kontrol gruplarından alınan çekum içeriklerinin metagenomik analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları, bağırsak mikrobiyotasının çeşitliliği ve bileşiminde önemli değişiklikler olduğunu göstermiştir. Özellikle, Shannon ve Simpson alfa çeşitlilik indeksleri, yani bir topluluktaki tür çeşitliliğini ve bu türlerin bulunma oranlarını ölçen değerler, artış göstermiştir. Bu artış, SCD Probiotiklerinin kullanımı, AO uygulaması ve AO sırasında SCD Probiotiklerinin takviye edilmesiyle üç farklı durumda gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışmanın dikkat çekici bir yönü, Firmicutes ve Bacteroidetes (F/B) oranlarındaki değişimlerdir. Bu oranlar, genellikle bağırsak sağlığının bir göstergesi olarak kabul edilir ve bu değerin yüksek olması bazı sağlık sorunlarıyla ilişkilendirilmektedir. Araştırma, F/B oranının hem AO uygulaması hem de SCD Probiotikleri takviyesiyle iyileştiğini, ancak AO sırasında SCD Probiotikleri takviye edildiğinde oranın daha dengeli olduğunu bulmuştur. Ayrıca, araştırma, tüm üç durumda da baskın bakteriyel ailelerin, cinslerin ve türlerin önemli ölçüde değiştiğini belirtmiştir. Ancak, SCD Probiotiklerinin bu taksonomik seviyelerde en etkili olduğu, AO sırasında takviye ile aynı etkinin elde edilmediği gözlemlenmiştir. Bu durum, aralıklı orucun bağırsak mikrobiyotası üzerinde güçlü bir dengeleyici etkisi olduğunu göstermektedir ve AO sırasında SCD Probiotikleri takviye etmenin bağırsak mikrobiyotası sağlığı için daha fazla fayda sağlayabileceğini işaret etmektedir. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma, probiyotik takviyesinin diyet alışkanlıkları, özellikle aralıklı oruç ile nasıl etkileşime girdiğini ve bağırsak mikrobiyotasının kompozisyonunu ve çeşitliliğini nasıl etkilediğini anlamamıza katkıda bulunmaktadır. Bu, bağırsak sağlığını iyileştirmeye yönelik diyet ve terapötik stratejilerin geliştirilmesi için potansiyel uygulamalar sunmaktadır.TThis study explored the effects of SCD Probiotics supplementation on gut microbiota in the context of intermittent fasting (IF) using 24-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats. The experimental design involved subjecting these rats to an IF regime, which entailed 18 hours of daily food restriction, coupled with a daily dose of 3 mL (1 x 108 CFU) SCD Probiotics for a duration of 30 days. Post-experiment, metagenome analysis of the cecum contents from both the experimental and control groups was conducted. The findings revealed notable changes in gut microbiota diversity and composition. Specifically, both Shannon and Simpson alpha diversity indices, which are measures of species diversity in a community, showed an increase. This increase was observed under three conditions: with the use of SCD Probiotics alone, under IF, and with the combination of SCD Probiotics supplementation during IF.A significant aspect of the study was the observation of the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratios. These ratios are often used as indicators of gut health, with imbalances sometimes associated with various health issues. The study found that the F/B ratio improved under both IF and SCD Probiotics supplementation, but a more balanced ratio was achieved when SCD Probiotics were supplemented during IF. Additionally, the study noted substantial alterations in the dominant bacterial families, genera, and species across all three conditions. However, it was observed that while SCD Probiotics was most effective at altering these taxonomic levels, the combination of supplementation during IF did not yield the same effect. This suggests a potent stabilizing effect of intermittent fasting on gut microbiota, indicating that supplementing with SCD Probiotics during IF might offer enhanced benefits for gut microbiota health.In conclusion, this study contributes to the understanding of how probiotic supplementation interacts with dietary patterns like intermittent fasting, influencing gut microbiota composition and diversity. This has potential implications for dietary and therapeutic strategies aimed at improving gut health