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Full-parametric and joint inversion of multimode surface wave data for identifying glacial ice thickness and freezing extent in subglacial sediments via the hunger games search algorithm
No full textDetermining glacier ice thickness and the extent of freezing in subglacial sediments are crucial in glaciological studies. Noninvasive geophysical methods, such as multichannel analysis of surface waves, are typically used for these tasks. In this study, we introduce a novel metaheuristic called hunger games search (HGS), which simulates the hunger-driven instincts and behavioral decisions of animals for the full-parametric inversion of seismic surface waves. We apply HGS to determine layer thicknesses, densities, S-wave velocities, and primary wave velocities of different layers through the joint inversion of multimode Rayleigh wave dispersion curves (RWDCs). This marks the first study using HGS for the inversion of dispersion data. Sensitivity studies of model parameters prior to the inversion indicate the necessity of postinversion uncertainty evaluations to mitigate the effects of varying sensitivity levels. In addition, a parameter tuning study is carried out to maximize the performance of HGS. Compared with some swarm intelligence-based optimizers (particle swarm optimization, cuckoo search, gray wolf optimization, sparrow search optimization, and whale optimization algorithm), HGS outperforms in the inversion of synthetic multimode RWDCs with 10% uncertainties with respect to a simulated glacier structure. In real data applications, a data set acquired at Midtdalsbreen, an outlet of the Norwegian Hardangerj & oslash;kulen ice cap, is inverted using the tailored HGS metaheuristic. The results obtained are consistent with previous geophysical studies. Furthermore, our analysis reveals that the performance of HGS when dealing with real applications is not highly sensitive to the selection of layers within the range of five to eight. The accuracy of HGS is undoubtedly contaminated by a larger model space; however, additional depth information derived from colocated ground-penetrating radar data can be directly integrated into HGS to obtain satisfactory results again.National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [42074164]Acknowledgments This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under grant no. 42074164. The authors express their sincere gratitude to the editor-in-chief A. Guitton, the assistant senior editor M. Sen, the associate editor G. Tsoflias, reviewer Y. Zhang, and four anonymous reviewers for their meticulous comments and constructive suggestions, which have significantly enhanced the quality of this paper
In Silico Exploration of Plant Extracts as Ache Inhibitors: Insights from Molecular Dynamics and Mm/Gbsa Analysis for Alzheimer's Drug Development
Get PDFAlzheimer's disease is a long-term neurological disorder that affects memory and other cognitive abilities. Physostigmine is a drug still used in treating symptoms associated with this disease, with its primary mechanism of action being AChE inhibition. AChE plays a crucial role in cholinergic neurotransmission, and its inhibition has been linked to the improvement of symptoms in Alzheimer's disease. In this study, 34 phytochemicals detected through LC-MS/MS analysis of 13 plant species were investigated as potential alternative drug candidates to physostigmine. For this purpose, docking studies followed by molecular dynamics simulations and MM/GBSA energy calculations were performed. The results revealed that 24 out of 34 phytochemicals were either very close to physostigmine (MM/GBSA binding affinity: -26.102 kcal/mol) or better AChE inhibitors. Additionally, it was determined that physostigmine increased the flexibility of the molecule when bound to the AChE enzyme, a unique result compared to our drug candidates. Our research emphasizes the potential of plant-derived compounds as AChE inhibitors and presents promising candidates for future drug development studies. Furthermore, physostigmine's property of increasing enzyme flexibility offers a new perspective in drug design and indicates that the role of this feature in therapeutic efficacy needs to be examined in more detail
Electrochemotherapy enhances the efficacy of Asparagus officinalis, Arum elongatum and Urtica dioica extracts in breast cancer treatment
Get PDFThe aim of the current study was to determine the phenolic substances in the stem of Asparagus officinalis L, leaves of Arum elongatum Steven and Urtica dioica L. plants collected from different regions and their cytotoxicities on MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line and to reveal the effects of electroporation (EP) on the antiproliferative activities of these plants. Antiproliferative activities of plant extracts were determined in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, and their biocompatibility was determined in L-929 fibroblast cells by MTT analysis method. In electrochemotherapy (extract+EP) applications of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, eight square wave electrical pulse sequences with an intensity of 800 V/cm were used with various doses of plants extracts. It was found that all three plant extracts were rich in phenolic compounds and only A. elongatum showed a relative cytotoxic effect on L-929 fibroblast cells. However, MCF-7 cancer cells showed very good sensitivity to the cytotoxic activities of A. officinalis, A. elongatum and U. dioica extracts, with IC50 values of 443.57, 361.88, and 448.55µg/mL, respectively. It was observed that with EP application, the cytotoxic activity of all three plant extracts on cancer cells increased significantly compared to extract application and cell viability percentages decreased significantly. As a result, our findings suggest that A. officinalis, A. elongatum and U. dioica extracts have anticancer potential and may be promising for breast cancer when used with EP
Comparison of the efficacy of the Schroth method and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique in adolescent idiopathic Scoliosis: a randomized controlled, single-blinded study
No full textBackground: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of the Schroth and PNF exercise methods concerning the Cobb angle, trunk rotation angle, quality of life, and aesthetic trunk deformity in adolescents diagnosed with idiopathic scoliosis. Methods: This study employed a randomized, single-blind, 1:1 parallel-group design, involving a total of 67 adolescent patients. Participants were randomly allocated to either the Schroth group or the PNF group. Both groups participated in supervised exercise training sessions three times a week over a six-month period. Baseline and post-treatment assessments were conducted by the same researcher, who remained blinded to group allocations throughout the study. Statistical analysis was conducted using a mixed model for repeated measures ANOVA for each outcome measure. Results: Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between the groups in terms of the Cobb angle, trunk rotation angle (ATR), Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) scores, and Walter Reed Visual Assessment Scale (WRVAS) parameters (p < .001). The mean change scores indicated a statistically greater improvement in favor of the Schroth group across all parameters compared to the PNF group. Statistically significant changes were observed for all parameters within groups (p < .05). Conclusions: The study compared the principles of the Schroth and PNF methods, demonstrating that the Schroth method achieved more favorable outcomes than PNF in the conservative management of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. This trial is registered with NCT05227638
Piriformis-Sparing vs. Conventional Posterior Approach in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Analysis of the Functional Outcomes
No full textBackground and Objectives: The posterior approach in total hip arthroplasty (THA) is widely used among surgeons. This study compares dislocation rates and functional outcomes between patients using a piriformis tendon-sparing posterior approach (PSPA) and those using a conventional posterior approach (CPA). Materials and Methods: 350 patients who underwent THA between 2016 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed, with 163 patients receiving a PSPA and 187 receiving a CPA. Dislocation complication and the functional outcomes including the baseline and postoperative sixth-week pain and Oxford Hip Score, sixth-week Ranawat internal rotation test, and sixth-month acetabular inclination and anteversion angle were recorded. Hospital stay and the duration of surgery were also noted. Results: Implant dislocation occurred in three (1.6%) patients only in the CPA group at six weeks postoperatively (p = 0.104). No differences were noted in surgery time, baseline and postoperative pain, or hip function (p < 0.05). The Ranawat internal rotation test was positive in 89.6% of the PSPA group and 40.1% of the CPA group at six weeks (p = 0.001). The inclination angle was better in the PSPA group (p = 0.001), but there was no difference in anteversion angle (p = 0.523) at the sixth month postoperatively. The PSPA group had a shorter hospital stay (mean = 2.14 days) compared to the CPA group (mean = 2.47 days) (p = 0.006). Conclusions: The absence of dislocation cases in the piriformis-sparing approach suggests that the preservation of the piriformis tendon, especially in the early period, may have reduced the risk of prosthesis dislocation by increasing joint stability from a clinical perspective. Further research is needed to evaluate the long-term impact of the piriformis-sparing posterior approach regarding the dislocation rates and functional outcomes
Predictive modeling of additively manufactured carbon fiber-PLA mechanical components via ML
No full textPurpose The study aims to predict and optimize two critical parameters, surface roughness and energy consumption, in additive manufacturing (AM) processes using carbon fiber-reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) material. These parameters are essential for enhancing the efficiency and quality of AM-produced components. Design/methodology/approach A mechanical connector was fabricated using the AM process, employing the Box-Behnken experimental design method with four input parameters: layer thickness (LT) (150-200-300 mu m), infill density (ID) (40%-80%-100%), nozzle temperature (NT) (200-210-220 degrees C) and printing speed (PS) (40-80-120 mm/s). Predictive models were developed using four machine learning (ML) algorithms: Gaussian process regression (GPR), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), artificial neural network (ANN) and random forest regression (RFR). Model performance was evaluated using mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error (RMSE) and R-squared (R-2). Additionally, ANOVA was conducted to identify the most influential parameters on surface roughness and energy consumption. Findings The RFR model demonstrated superior accuracy with low error values and high R-2 scores in estimating both surface roughness and energy consumption. ANOVA results indicated that LT (43.96%) and PS (40.01%) were the most significant factors affecting surface roughness, while LT (50.45%) and ID (27.58%) significantly influenced energy consumption. Originality/value This study underscores the effectiveness of ML algorithms and statistical analysis in modeling and optimizing AM processes. The findings provide valuable insights into improving the efficiency and quality of 3D-printed components, particularly through the integration of carbon fiber-reinforced materials and advanced predictive modeling techniques
Effectiveness Of Acceptance And Commitment Therapy In Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A Systematic Review
Get PDFBody dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a serious mental health disorder that has recently increased in incidence and is co-diagnosed with problems such as suicide and depression. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) has recently been frequently mentioned in the treatment of BDD. In this systematic review, it is aimed to examine the effectiveness of ACT in the treatment of BDD and to present a general clinical picture according to the results of the studies conducted in the relevant field. All studies in English language until June 2024 were systematically searched in Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science databases using the PRISMA guideline, and a total of 7 articles that met the research criteria were included in the study. The reviewed studies were conducted in four different countries (USA, Iran, Sweden, Australia) with a total of 155 people (134 women; 21 men) with different sessions (3 sessions-3 years). In conclusion, ACT techniques were found to reduce the negative symptoms of BDD and increase life satisfaction. Additionally, ACTs were found to be effective in gaining psychological flexibility, less self-stigmatisation, coping with suicidal thoughts, reducing symptoms of depression and body dissatisfaction. A number of recommendations for future researchers and clinicians are also given
Effects of local enemal matrix protein on osseointegration of different surface Titanium implants
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to investigate the osseointegration levels of implants with different surfaces locally applied with enamel matrix protein by biomechanical methods. Thirty adult female Spraque Dawley rats weighing 300-350 g were included in the study as subjects. The rats were divided into 3 groups with 10 rats in each group: Machined Surface Group (n = 10), Sandblasted Large Acid Grid (SLA) Surface Group (n = 10) and Resorbable Blasting Material (RBM) Surface Group (n = 10). Titanium implants were surgically placed in the right tibias of the rats with sterile physiological serum cooling. Immediately before the implants were placed, local enamel matrix protein was applied to the prepared sockets and then the implants were placed. The rats were euthanized after waiting for osseointegration for four weeks and the implants were taken with the surrounding bone tissues after the soft tissues were removed. The bone-implant contact of all implants was analyzed by biomechanical method and recorded in Newtoncm-1(Ncm-1). When the obtained biomechanical data were examined, the average bone-implant contact value was found to be 2.24 +/- 0.67 (Ncm-1) in machined surface implants, 4.5 +/- 1.36 (Ncm-1) in SLA surface implants and 3.24 +/- 0.94 (Ncm-1) in RBM surface implants. A statistically difference was detected between machined surface implants and SLA surface implants (P<0.05; P=0.02). It can be stated that local enamel matrix protein application may increase bone-implant connection in SLA surface implants
EFFICIENCY MEASUREMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: A RESEARCH ON COMPANIES IN TÜRKİYE
Get PDFThe use of technology is increasing due to Industry 4.0. Both countries and organizations have had to invest in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) to compete with their rivals in global competitive conditions and to adapt to the ever-changing world. An organization or a country needs to evaluate its performance to ensure its sustainability constantly. The Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method is widely used in performance evaluation. This study aimed to evaluate Türkiye AI performance for the nine years between 2014 and 2022. In the research, years were included in the analysis as the decision-making unit. Two input and two output variables were used in the analyses. The study was carried out by using the input-oriented CCR DEA model and its super-efficiency model. According to the results of the analysis, efficient/inefficient decision-making units were determined. Several potential improvement suggestions have been put forward for inefficient decision-making units
Mechanical modeling of complex NLS shock optimistic waves with Schrodinger frame
Get PDFIn this article, we describe antiferromagnetic Heisenberg super-fluid complex dispersive NLS shock electromotive wave for phi(chi(1)), phi(chi(2)), phi(chi(3))tension dam-break antiferromagnetic microfluidics with non-linear hermitian Schrodinger model. Then, we construct Lorentzian antiferromagnetic dispersive complex NLS Heisenberg shock optimistic waves for phi(chi(1)), phi(chi(2)), phi(chi(3)) dam-break antiferromagnetic intensity in Lorentzian hermitian space. Thus, we have antiferromagnetic Heisenberg hermitian complex NLS electromotive tension microscales. Finally, we illustrate Schrodinger antiferromagnetic thermocomplex solid magnetic NLS pressure of phi(chi(1)), phi(chi(2)), phi(chi(3)) tension antiferromagnetic wave energy in Lorentzian hermitian space associated with Heisenberg complex dam-break potential in shallow water