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Implementation of stem education in secondary schools with TRIZ: An experimental study
No full textBu araştırmanın amacı, ortaokul öğrencilerine yönelik STEM eğitiminde TRIZ'in (Yaratıcı Problem Çözme Teorisi) uygulanmasının, öğrencilerin STEM'e karşı tutumları, eleştirel düşünme eğilimleri, fen öğrenmeye yönelik öz-yeterlik inançları ve bu sürece dair görüşleri üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektir. Araştırma, 2023–2024 eğitim öğretim yılında Bitlis İmam Hatip Ortaokulu'nda öğrenim gören 20 beşinci sınıf öğrencisi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma karma yöntem desenlerinden iç içe gömülü desen ile yürütülmüş; nicel veriler kontrol grupsuz ön test-son test yarı deneysel desen ile, nitel veriler ise durum çalışması kapsamında toplanmıştır. Nicel veriler STEM Tutum Ölçeği, Eleştirel Düşünme Eğilimi Ölçeği ve Fen Öğrenmeye Yönelik Öz-Yeterlik İnanç Ölçeği ile; nitel veriler ise öğrenci görüşme formu ve yazılı kompozisyonlarla elde edilmiştir. Nicel veriler SPSS programı ile analiz edilmiş; nitel veriler ise içerik analizi tekniğiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmada STEM etkinlikleri, mühendislik tasarım süreci basamaklarına göre düzenlenmiş ve her etkinliğe TRIZ metodolojisinin çelişki matrisi ve 40 yaratıcı ilke entegrasyonu sağlanmıştır. Uygulamalar, öğrencilerin günlük yaşam problemlerine yenilikçi çözümler üretmelerini teşvik edecek şekilde yapılandırılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, STEM-TRIZ uygulamalarının öğrencilerin STEM'e yönelik tutumlarını olumlu yönde etkilediği, eleştirel düşünme eğilimlerini geliştirdiği ve fen öğrenmeye yönelik öz-yeterlik inançlarında artış sağladığı belirlenmiştir. Nitel bulgular ise öğrencilerin STEM-TRIZ uygulamalarını ilgi çekici, eğlenceli ve problem çözme açısından geliştirici bulduklarını ortaya koymuştur. Bu doğrultuda TRIZ metodu ile zenginleştirilmiş STEM eğitimi uygulamalarının, ortaokul düzeyinde etkili bir öğretim yaklaşımı olabileceği sonucuna varılmıştırThe aim of this study is to examine the effects of implementing TRIZ (Theory of Inventive Problem Solving) in STEM education for middle school students on their attitudes towards STEM, critical thinking dispositions, self-efficacy beliefs towards science learning, and their views on the process. The research was conducted during the 2023–2024 academic year with 20 fifth-grade students enrolled at Bitlis İmam Hatip Middle School. The study was carried out using an embedded mixed methods design; quantitative data were collected through a one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design, while qualitative data were obtained within the scope of a case study. Quantitative data were collected using the STEM Attitude Scale, the Critical Thinking Disposition Scale, and the Science Learning Self-Efficacy Beliefs Scale. Qualitative data were obtained through student interview forms and written compositions. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS software, while qualitative data were evaluated using content analysis techniques. In the study, STEM activities were designed in accordance with the steps of the engineering design process, and each activity incorporated the contradiction matrix and 40 inventive principles of the TRIZ methodology. The implementations were structured to encourage students to generate innovative solutions to real-life problems. The results revealed that the STEM-TRIZ practices positively influenced students' attitudes towards STEM, enhanced their critical thinking dispositions, and increased their self-efficacy beliefs related to science learning. Qualitative findings indicated that students found the STEM-TRIZ activities engaging, enjoyable, and beneficial for problem-solving. Accordingly, it was concluded that STEM education enriched with the TRIZ method can be an effective instructional approach at the middle school level
A Comparison of the Touwen Infant Neurological Examination, General Movement Assessment and Alberta Infant Motor Scale in Infants Born Preterm
No full textObjective: Infants born preterm are known to be at risk of moderate to severe developmental problems. The study aimed to compare Touwen Infant Neurologic Examination (TINE), General Movement Assessment (GMA) and Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) scores assessed on the same day at 3-to-5 months-of-corrected-age in infants separated by gestational week. Materials and Methods: We included a total of 78 infants with a history of preterm birth, as very preterm (<32 weeks, n = 26), moderate preterm (320/7 to 336/7 weeks, n = 30) and late preterm (340/7 to 366/7 weeks, n = 22), at 3 to 5 months-of-corrected-age. The study compared the results of TINE, AIMS and GMA in preterm infants separated by gestational age, and analysed AIMS scores according to GMA results. In addition the association between TINE and AIMS scores was assessed. Results: There was statistical significance between the prone motor performances of the groups, due to the statistical difference between infants born late preterm and infants born very preterm; the prone motor performance of infants born late preterm was significantly higher than infants born very preterm. Infants with normal fidgety movements had higher prone (p=0.043) and supine (p= 0.037) motor performance scores than infants with aberrant fidgety movements. A significant negative low correlation was found between TINE findings and total AIMS scores. Conclusions: Infants with absent and abnormal fidgety movements have lower AIMS score and gestational age might affect AIMS score. Additionally, it has been showed that abnormal neurologic findings, according to TINE, are negatively related to AIMS score
Özgürlük Mücadelesi Giyotinde Biten Bir Kadın: Olympe De Gouges
No full textDünya tarihinde gerçekleşen devrimler toplumsal yapının değişim ve dönüşümünde önemli etkilere sahiptir. Bu devrimlerin gerçekleşmesi ve başarıya ulaşmasında ciddi mücadeleler etkili olmuştur. Dünya tarihi açısından doğurduğu siyasal ve kültürel sonuçları bakımından önemli bir yere sahip olan devrimlerden biri de Fransız Devrimi’dir. Sözü edilen devrimin başarıya ulaşmasında eşitlikten ve özgürlükten yana olan toplumun bütün bireyleri mücadele etmiştir. Temel amaç ise sömürülen, dışlanan, özgürlüğü elinden alınan ve ezilen dezavantajlı bütün grupların hukuklarını korumaktır. Fransız Devrimi süresince devrimin başarıya ulaşması için varoluş mücadelesi veren kadınlar, mücadelenin önsaflarında yer aldılar. Bu kadınlardan biri de Olympe de Gouges’tur. Gouges; özgürlük, eşitlik, adalet ve patriyarkal zihniyetin değişmesi için devrim boyunca mücadele etti. Ancak devrimin başarıya ulaşmasından sonra ilan edilen İnsan ve Yurttaş Hakları Bildirgesi’nin kadının mücadelesini yok sayması ve patriyarkal anlayışın devamını sürdürme yaklaşımı başta Gouges olmak üzere; özgürlük, eşitlik, adalet için devrimi destekleyen herkes için hayal kırıklığı yarattı. Gouges ve onun arkadaşları buna tepki olarak; İnsan ve Yurttaş Hakları Bildirgesi’nin özgürlük, eşitlik, adalet yerine sadece patriyarkal anlayıştan yana olanların hukukunu savunduğunu iddia ederek Kadın ve Kadın Yurttaş Hakları Bildirgesi’ni ilan ettiler. Bu çalışma, kadın mücadelesinin bugünkü kazanımlarının kolay elde edilmediği ve bunun için tarih boyunca büyük bedeller ödendiği ile Fransız Devrimi'nin başarıya ulaşması için mücadele eden öznelerden biri olan Gouges’un özgürlük, eşitlik ve adalet mücadelesinin temel odak noktalarından biri olduğunu ve Gouges’un mücadelesinin feminizm için ne anlama geldiği tezlerini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır
Higher-Order Fermi-Walker Transport Dynamics and the Induced Geometric Phase
No full textWe define higher-order Fermi-Walker derivatives of vector fields along curves in Euclidean 3-space using the Frenet-Serret frame. From the incompatibility of successive Fermi-Walker transports, we derive a geometric phase-termed the Fermi-Walker flow transport phase-which depends on the intrinsic geometry of the curve. We then examine this phase for various curve evolutions, including binormal, complex modified Korteweg-de Vries, and other integrable motions. Our formulation provides an explicit and unified method for computing the induced geometric phases in these settings
Energy losses in electrical installations and strategies for enhancing efficiency in Muş province
No full textElektrik enerjisinin üretimi yüksek maliyetler gerektirdiğinden, bu enerjinin etkin ve doğru kullanımı büyük önem arz etmektedir. Türkiye'de enerji sektörünün karşı karşıya olduğu temel sorunlardan biri, kaçak elektrik kullanımının yaygınlığıdır. Kaçak kullanımın önceden tahmin edilmesi, enerji yönetimi açısından çözülmesi gereken kritik bir meseledir. Elektrik sistemlerindeki kayıplar ve kaçak kullanımlar, birbirinden farklı kavramlar olup, ayrı değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu ayrımın net biçimde yapılması, elektrik şebekeleri üzerinde uygulanacak iyileştirme önlemlerinin ve yapılacak yatırımların daha doğru Şekilde planlanmasına katkı sağlayacaktır. Böylece, bölgesel düzeyde yapılacak yatırımların kaçak kullanımla mücadeleye mi yoksa teknik kayıpların azaltılmasına mı yönelmesi gerektiği hususunda daha isabetli kararlar alınabilecektir. Kaçak elektrik kullanımının tahmin edilmesi, yalnızca enerji verimliliği açısından değil, aynı zamanda sosyoekonomik gelişmeler açısından da önemli katkılar sağlayacak ve bu alandaki mücadeleye ivme kazandıracaktır. Bu tez çalışmasında, Muş ilindeki kayıp ve kaçak oranlarının azaltılmasına yönelik mevcut optimizasyon yöntemleri incelenmiş ve geliştirilebilecek yeni yaklaşımlar üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu doğrultuda, teknik kayıpların analizine yönelik olarak Comsol Multiphysics yazılımı kullanılarak trafo modellemesi gerçekleştirilmiş ve trafolarda oluşan teknik kayıplar değerlendirilmiştir. Teknik olmayan kayıplar kapsamında ise, LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) zaman serisi analizi yöntemi uygulanarak Muş ili için 2030 yılına kadar kayıp-kaçak tahminleri yapılmıştır. Bu tahminler sayesinde elektrik enerjisinde kaçak kayıplar ile ilgili yapılacak çalışma planlamalarına öngörüsel bir katkı sağlanması amaçlanmıştır.Due to the high cost of electricity generation, the efficient and accurate use of electrical energy is of critical importance. One of the major challenges facing the energy sector in Turkey is the widespread occurrence of electricity theft. Predicting such unauthorized usage is a crucial issue that must be addressed to ensure effective energy management. It is essential to distinguish between technical losses and non-technical (illegal) losses, as they represent different phenomena and require separate analytical approaches. This distinction enables more accurate planning of investments and improvement strategies for electrical networks. Consequently, it becomes possible to prioritize whether regional investments should focus on reducing technical losses or combating illegal usage, thus supporting more data-driven decision-making processes. Estimating electricity theft has the potential to contribute significantly not only to energy efficiency but also to socioeconomic development, providing a solid foundation for future improvements. In this study, existing optimization methods for reducing energy losses and theft in Muş Province were examined, and potential enhancements were explored. To analyze technical losses, transformer modeling was performed using Comsol Multiphysics, enabling detailed assessment of losses within transformers. Regarding non-technical losses, a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) time series analysis model was employed to forecast electricity losses and theft in Muş Province through the year 2030. These forecasts are intended to provide predictive insight for planning future studies related to non-technical losses in electrical energy
Green Prospective Teachers: A Research on Prospective Teachers' Sustainable Environmental Behaviors, Consumption Habits and Ecological Footprint Awareness
Get PDFThe aim of the study is to reveal the relationships between prospective teachers' awareness of reducing ecological footprint, their sustainable consumption behaviours and their behaviours towards sustainable environmental education by using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). In the study, a cross-sectional survey model was adopted, and the sample consisted of 533 prospective teachers studying in Science, Preschool, Primary School and Social Studies Teacher Education programmes of state universities located in three different provinces in eastern T & uuml;rkiye. As a result of the data analysis, it was determined that there was a moderate positive relationship between ecological footprint awareness and sustainable consumption behaviour, a moderate positive relationship between ecological footprint awareness and behaviour towards sustainable environmental education, and a high positive relationship between sustainable consumption behaviour and behaviour towards sustainable environmental education. SEM results show that awareness towards reducing ecological footprint has a weak but significant indirect effect on behaviour towards sustainable environmental education and sustainable consumption behaviour plays a partial mediating role in this effect. In addition, the total effect of awareness towards reducing ecological footprint on behaviour towards sustainable environmental education was found to be positive and statistically significant. In addition, awareness towards reducing the ecological footprint explains 85% of sustainable consumption behaviour. Together with sustainable consumption behaviour, awareness towards reducing ecological footprint explains 14.6% of the behaviour towards sustainable environmental education. These results indicate that increasing prospective teachers' awareness of the ecological footprint can play an important role in improving their sustainable consumption behaviours and their behaviours towards sustainable environmental education
Improvement of Wild Horse Optimizer Algorithm with Random Walk Strategy (IWHO), and Appointment as MLP Supervisor for Solving Energy Efficiency Problem
Get PDFThis paper aims to enhance the success of the Wild Horse Optimization (WHO) algorithm in optimization processes by developing strategies to overcome the issues of stuckness and early convergence in local spaces. The performance change is observed through a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) sample. In this context, an advanced Wild Horse Optimization (IWHO) algorithm with a random walking strategy was developed to provide solution diversity in local spaces using a random walking strategy. Two challenging test sets, CEC 2019, were selected for the performance measurement of IWHO. Its competitiveness with alternative algorithms was measured, showing that its performance was superior. This superiority is visually represented with convergence curves and box plots. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to evaluate IWHO as a distinct and powerful algorithm. The IWHO algorithm was applied to MLP training, addressing a real-world problem. Both WHO and IWHO algorithms were tested using MSE results and ROC curves. The Energy Efficiency Problem dataset from UCI was used for MLP training. This dataset evaluates the heating load (HL) or cooling load (CL) factors by considering the input characteristics of smart buildings. The goal is to ensure that HL and CL factors are evaluated most efficiently through the use of HVAC technology in smart buildings. WHO and IWHO were selected to train the MLP architecture, and it was observed that the proposed IWHO algorithm produced better results
Synthesis and Biological Activities of Novel Quinazoline–Sulfonamide Derivatives Promising for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
No full textNovel quinazoline–sulfonamide derivatives (4a-n) were synthesized and evaluated for their enzyme inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) which are associated with Alzheimer's diseases (AD). The target quinazoline–sulfonamides (4a-n) were obtained via one-pot multicomponent reaction of 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide (1) with substituted benzaldehydes (2a-i) and cyclohexane-1,3-diones (3a,b) under microwave irradiation. The reactions were performed using trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) as catalyst and methanol–water mixture as green solvent. All reactions were carried out in a short period of time and the products were obtained in moderate-to-high yields and their structures were confirmed using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), and mass spectroscopic techniques. AChE and BChE enzyme inhibitions were obtained from the lowest Ki and IC50 values. The lowest Ki values of compounds 4j, 4d, 4e, and 4m were determined to be 4.84 ± 1.96 µM, 6.32 ± 1.75 µM, 7.21 ± 3.27 µM, and 7.48 ± 0.42 µM against AChE, while the lowest Ki values of compounds 4d, 4f, and 4j were determined to be 4.74 ± 1.98 µM, 5.87 ± 2.11 µM, and 5.67 ± 1.96 µM against BChE, respectively. Finally, in silico molecular docking interactions were carried out by using AutoDock Vina software. The low binding energy values of the compounds (4a-4n) against AChE and BChE enzymes indicated their high inhibitory effectiveness. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Compounds From Black Pine (Pinus nigra) Bark: Optimization and Evaluation of Their In Vitro Bioactivities
No full textIn the present study, the effects of extraction temperature, extraction time, and ultrasonic power on extraction yield, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total phenolic content (TPC), ABTS activities, as well as total condensed tannin (TCT) content of black pine bark extracts (PBE) were specified using the Box-Behnken experimental design. The current study also shed light on their potential anticancer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and anticholinesterase activities at the estimated optimal conditions. The estimated optimal conditions to achieve maximum TPC (128.00 mg GAE [gallic acid equivalent]/g of dried bark extract [dbe]), TCT (22.08 mg CE (catechin equivalents)/g of dbe), FRAP (649.49 mg TEAC (trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity)/g of dbe) and ABTS activities (802.04 mg TEAC/g of dbe) were as follows: extraction temperature of 32.52 degrees C, extraction time of 7.43 min, and ultrasonic power of 110.68 W for PBE. Additionally, phenolic and organic compounds most commonly found in PBE were succinic acid (16.35 mg/100 g), gentisic acid (7.58 mg/100 g), and oxalic acid (6.81 mg/100 g), respectively, based on the LC-MS/MS analysis. Furthermore, PBE exhibited weak cytotoxicity across all tested cells (Caco-2, MIA PaCa-2, and HEK-293); however, its cytotoxic effects were slightly less pronounced in the healthy HEK-293 cells compared to the Caco-2 and MIA PaCa-2 cancer cells. Accordingly, PBE showed stronger antidiabetic activity than acarbose, the reference antidiabetic drug, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 0.38 mg/mL and 0.46 mg/mL against alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase, respectively, compared to acarbose's IC50 values of 0.72 mg/mL and 0.66 mg/mL. At 2 mg/mL, PBE showed moderate anticholinesterase activity, inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by 57.26% and butylcholinesterase (BChE) by 48.35%, compared to the stronger effects of galantamine hydrobromide, which inhibited AChE by 88.57% and BChE by 85.72%. These findings highlighted the potential of PBE as a natural source of bioactive compounds with diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, and anticholinesterase properties.Ulusal Metroloji Enstitusu, Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu [BIDEB 2211-C]Council of Higher Education (YOK) [100/2000]This work was supported by Ulusal Metroloji Enstitusu, Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu, BIDEB 2211-C Doctoral Scholarship. The Council of Higher Education (YOK), 100/2000 PhDScholarship
Effects of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) pod supplementation of lamb diets on in vitro methane production, digestion, and microbial yield
No full textEnteric fermentation in ruminants produces methane (CH4), which is a major gas that contributes to global warming. The pods of the carob tree, Ceratonia siliqua L., which are abundant in tannins and water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), could improve microbial protein yield (MPY) and reduce emissions of CH4 without influencing digestion. The effects of carob pod supplementation in lamb diets on CH4 emissions, digestibility, partitioning factor (PF), MPY, and EMPY (efficiency of MPY) were examined in this study. Four iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous lamb diets (17% crude protein, 2650 kcal/kg dry matter) with differing quantities of carob pods were developed and evaluated using the Menke in vitro gas generation technique. Gas production (GP), CH4 emissions, digestibility, PF, MPY, and EMPY were evaluated during a 24-hour fermentation using buffered rumen fluid from 'Awassi' sheep. The incorporation of carob pods considerably decreased gas and CH4 production (p < 0.001), with a decrease of up to 15% in CH4 emission at higher levels of supplementation. The increase in PF, MPY, and EMPY was accompanied by no change in digestibility. At 30% supplementation, MPY increased by 35.32 mg, while EMPY increased to 31.5% from 23.14% in the control. There was a linear reduction in gas and CH4 emission as the amount of carob supplementation increased. Lamb diets supplemented with 30% carob pods had a 15% decrease in CH4 emissions and an increase in MPY without any change in digestibility. Additional in vivo research is needed to validate the long-term impacts on performance and health, but the results show promise for carob pods to improve ruminant production and decrease emissions of greenhouse gases