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Computational study of the plastid rRNA methyl transferase (CMAL) gene in higher plants and its role in drought and salt stresses
Get PDFThis study uses a bioinformatic approach to investigate plastid rRNA methyltransferase (CMAL) genes in four plant species (Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Glycine max, Zea mays). Furthermore, the gene expression levels of the CMAL gene of maize and soybean plants under drought and salt stress were investigated using RT-qPCR. We found differences between monocot and dicot CMALs, observed structural variations among species, and revealed a close evolutionary relationship between dicots and bacteria. CMAL genes show dynamic regulation in response to heat and drought stress, with maize showing tissue-specific variability. Specifically, the ZmCMAL gene in maize has a potential role in nutrient uptake and soil-related challenges, whereas AtCMAL in A. thaliana is involved in several cellular processes based on protein interactions. In a wet-lab study, ZmCMAL exhibited a fluctuating expression pattern under salt stress, with its ability to cope decreasing at higher salt concentrations. Meanwhile, GmCMAL was sensitive to both drought and salt, displaying an adaptive increase in expression as salt stress intensified. The promoter regions of CMAL genes predominantly contain cis-elements linked to abiotic stress and hormone responses, indicating their potential involvement in auxin-related pathways in cellular metabolism. These findings shed light on the regulatory role of CMAL genes in plants and their responses to stresses.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBIdot;TAK)Open access funding provided by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUB & Idot;TAK)
Sustainable Approaches for Food Waste
No full textFood is wasted at every stage from farm to fork, resulting in both food loss and environmental degradation. Depletion of natural resources, climate change and population disparities call for urgent measures for food security, food safety and strategies for food waste management. Food waste, which contains highly valuable components, is generated during processes such as harvesting, processing, distribution, storage, etc., and about 30% of the food produced worldwide becomes waste each year. Another issue is the economic and environmental consequences that arise as a result of food waste being dumped in landfills without being utilized, especially in developing countries. It is imperative to disseminate scientific studies on reducing food waste and converting it into high value-added products. Additionally, expanding the usage areas of recovered products and implementing related improvements are crucial, particularly in the food sector. The transformation of food waste into energy and valuable substances such as fertilizers, especially for agriculture, is other important issues that need to be addressed from an environmental and economic point of view. In order to reduce food waste, make economic use of it and minimize the environmental problems it causes, this book chapter looks at food waste from a sustainability perspective. Sources of food waste, including industrial processes, food waste prevention efforts that can be applied especially in developing countries, energy and compost production from food waste, and innovative solutions for food waste are presented based on a literature review. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
İnvestigation of the relationship between body composition and some motoric features in sedentary individuals
Get PDFBu çalışmada sedanter bireylerde vücut kompozisyonu ve fiziksel özelliklere ait seçilmiş değerler ile bazı motorik özellikler arasındaki ilişki düzeyinin kadın ve erkeklerdeki seyrinin benzerlik ve farklılıklar açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yaşları 18-21 yıl arasında değişen Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi 1. ve 2. sınıf öğrencileri arasından karma örnekleme yöntemlerinden faydalanılarak 12 erkek (19,33±0,98) ve 12 kadın (19±0,73) öğrencinin gönüllülük esasına göre katılım gösterdiği çalışmada veriler kesitsel yöntem ile 3 farklı günde elde edilmiştir. Verilerin istatistiksel değerlendirilmesi SPSS programı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Çalışma verileri değerlendirilmeden önce kadın ve erkek katılımcılara ait alınan verilerin homojenlik ve normallik durumları Levene ve Shapiro-Wilk testleri ile belirlenmiş, veriler arasındaki ilişki düzeyinin ve yönünün belirlenmesine yönelik Spearman Korelasyon testi kullanılmıştır. Erkeklerde esneklik özelliğinin vücut yağ oranı ile doğrusal (0,01), yağsız vücut ağırlığı ile ise ters yönlü güçlü bir ilişkisi (-0,01) söz konusu iken bu ilişki durumunun kadınlarda anlamlılığını yitirdiği tespit edilmiştir. Erkek katılımcıların bel/kalça oranları ile vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ) değerlerinin özellikle güç çıktıları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilirken, kadınlarda bu anlamlı düzeydeki ilişki görülmemiştir. Fiziksel özelliklerden göğüs çevresinin motorik özelliklerle olan anlamlı ilişki düzeyi erkek grubunda daha fazla parametre ile kendini göstermiştir. Sedanter erkek ve kadın bireylerin katılımı ile gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada vücut kompozisyonu ve fiziksel özelliklere ait seçilmiş değerler ile bazı motorik özellikler arasındaki anlamlı ilişki sayısı ve aynı değişkenler arasındaki anlamlı ilişkinin gücünün erkeklerde daha fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu durum kadın ve erkeklerde çocukluk dönemlerinden başlayıp 19-20 yaşına gelinceye kadar organizmalarını zorluk derecesi ve süresi değişen yüklenmelere tabi tutmalarındaki farklılıklara ve aynı zamanda gerek genetik ve fizyolojik gerekse vücut kompozisyonu oluşturan öğelerin dağılım oranlarındaki farklılıklar ile açıklanabilir. Vücut kompozisyonu veya bazı motorik özelliklerin iyileştirilmesine yönelik yapılacak antrenman veya egzersiz planlamalarında içeriğin kadın ve erkeğe göre yapılandırılması ve ayrıca geliştirilmesi düşünülen özelliğin, anlamlı ilişki içerisinde olduğu diğer parametrelerle birlikte takip edilmesinin daha anlamlı sonuçlar getireceği düşünülmektedir. Anahtar Kelime: Sedanter, vücut kompozisyonu, fiziksek özellik, motorik özellikler,In this study, the aim was to examine the relationship between selected values of body composition, physical characteristics, and certain motoric traits in sedentary individuals, focusing on the similarities and differences between men and women. The study involved 12 male (19,33±0,98) and 12 female (19±0,73) students from the 1st and 2nd years of the Faculty of Sports Sciences, who participated voluntarily, using a random sampling method. The data were collected using a cross-sectional method over three different days. The statistical analysis of the data was performed using the SPSS software. Before evaluating the study data, the homogeneity and normality of the data collected from female and male participants were determined using Levene's and Shapiro-Wilk tests. The Spearman Correlation test was used to determine the level and direction of the relationship between the variables. In males, flexibility showed a linear relationship (0.01) with body fat percentage and a strong inverse relationship (-0.01) with lean body mass; however, this relationship was no longer significant in females. A significant relationship was found between the waist-to-hip ratio and body mass index (BMI) values and power outputs in males, while no such significant relationship was observed in females. Among the physical characteristics, the chest circumference showed a significant relationship with motoric features in more parameters in the male group. In this study, conducted with sedentary male and female individuals, the number of significant relationships between selected values of body composition, physical characteristics, and certain motoric traits, as well as the strength of these relationships, was found to be greater in males. This difference can be explained by the variations in the types and duration of physical stress individuals experience from childhood to the age of 19-20, along with differences in genetics, physiology, and the distribution of body composition components. It is suggested that in planning training or exercise programs aimed at improving body composition or some motoric features, structuring the content according to gender and monitoring the development of the intended characteristic alongside other parameters that are significantly related would lead to more meaningful results
Effects of a design-based research approach on fourth-grade students' critical thinking, problem-solving skills, computational thinking, and creativity self-efficacy
Get PDFThis study examined the effectiveness of a design-based research approach in developing fourth grade students' critical thinking, problem solving, computational thinking, and creative self-efficacy skills. Although previous research has shown how design-based inquiry promotes higher-order thinking among middle and high school students. There is no comprehensive research supporting rural primary school students with this approach. Therefore, this study fills this gap by investigating design-based research (DBR) that can lead students to develop twenty-first century skills through primary science teaching. A quantitative pre-post-test design method was used to collect data over a 7-week period from 431 fourth grade students from two rural schools in T & uuml;rkiye. Findings showed that the design-thinking model was effective. The findings showed a significant improvement in critical thinking and creative self-efficacy. The effect on problem solving skills and computational thinking was negligible.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK)Open access funding provided by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK). This research has not received any funding
A new era in early childhood education (ECE): Teachers' opinions on the application of artificial intelligence
Get PDFThis study aimed to evaluate the role of AI in preschool from the perspective of preschool teachers. The research group consisted of 101 preschool teachers. The study group was selected according to the easily accessible case sampling method, one of the purposeful sampling methods. The study was a phenomenology, which is a qualitative research design. Qualitative data were collected using a semi-structured interview form. Data were analyzed using inductive content analysis. As a result of the analyses, the participants stated they did not feel sufficient regarding Al literacy and competencies. The participants also emphasized that using AI in preschool was appropriate and would improve children's skills, such as AI literacy and computational thinking. Moreover, they stated that using AI in preschool would cause privacy and security concerns for different reasons, such as not protecting personal data, using children's pictures, and providing false and misleading information. The participants stated that they were worried about the implementation process of Al due to lack of content knowledge, lack of infrastructure, physical structure of the classroom, and lack of materials. In addition, participants emphasized that if the existing concerns were eliminated, AI could be easily integrated into the preschool period. In addition, it was determined that most participants had problems in modeling and drawing a model related to AI.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK)Open access funding provided by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK
Examining the 2023 social studies course curriculum within the framework of teachers experiences
Get PDFAlan yazın incelendiğinde afet eğitiminin önemi sıkça vurgulanmaktadır. Afetlere hazırlıklı olmanın ve afet yönetiminin, toplumsal direncin artırılması için hayati olduğu belirtilmektedir. Özellikle çocukların ve gençlerin afetler konusunda bilinçlendirilmesi, afet sırasında ve sonrasında doğru davranışlar sergileyebilmeleri için gereklidir. Bu araştırma, 2023 Sosyal Bilgiler Dersi Öğretim Programı'nda yapılan değişikliklerin öğretmen deneyimleri çerçevesinde incelenmesini amaçlamıştır. Araştırmada amaçlı örneklem yaklaşımlarından ölçüt örneklem yaklaşımı kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu 1 başöğretmen, 3 uzman öğretmen ve 3 öğretmen olmak üzere toplam 7 sosyal bilgiler öğretmeninden oluşmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında veriler yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılarak ve araştırmacının sınıflarda yapmış olduğu gözlem notları ile toplanmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen verilerin analizinde tematik analiz yaklaşımı tercih edilmiştir. Araştırmanın birinci alt amacı, sosyal bilgiler öğretmenlerinin 2023 yılında yapılan program değişikliklerine yönelik görüşlerini değerlendirmektir. Öğretmenlerin bir kısmı, afet eğitimi konusundaki değişiklikleri yeterli bulurken, diğerleri daha erken yaşlardan itibaren daha kapsamlı bir afet eğitimi verilmesi gerektiğini savunmaktadır. İkinci alt amaç olarak, öğretmenlerin program değişikliklerine yönelik önerileri alınmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda öğretmenler teknolojinin kullanımı, afet eğitiminin alt sınıflardan başlanması ve sarmal bir şekilde devam etmesi gibi önerilerde bulunmuşlardır. Üçüncü alt amaç olarak, programda yapılan değişikliğin öğretmenlerin sınıf içi uygulamalarına yansımaları incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Öğretmenlerin sınıf içi uygulamalarında tatbikatlar, video ve görsel destekli anlatım, etkinlik temelli öğrenme gibi yeni uygulamaların benimsedikleri belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları, afet eğitiminin daha etkin ve kapsamlı bir şekilde verilmesi gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Öğretmenler, afet eğitiminin erken yaşlardan itibaren başlayarak kademeli ve tekrarlı bir şekilde sürdürülmesinin, öğrencilerin bilinç düzeyini artıracağını ve afet durumlarında daha hazırlıklı olmalarını sağlayacağını belirtmişlerdir. Bu kapsamda, program değişikliklerinin yanı sıra, öğretmenlerin sürekli mesleki gelişim programlarıyla desteklenmesi ve afet eğitimi konusunda güncel bilgilerle donatılması önem arz etmektedir.When the literature is examined, the importance of disaster education is frequently emphasized. It is stated that disaster preparedness and disaster management are vital for increasing social resilience. In particular, raising awareness of children and young people about disasters is necessary so that they can exhibit correct behaviors during and after disasters. This research aimed to examine the changes made in the 2023 Social Studies course curriculum within the framework of teachers' experiences. The criterion sampling approach, one of the purposeful sampling approaches, was used in the research. The study group consisted of a total of 7 social studies teachers, including 1 head teacher, 3 expert teachers and 3 teachers. Within the scope of the study, data were collected using a semi-structured interview form and observation notes made by the researcher in the classrooms. Thematic analysis approach was preferred in the analysis of the data obtained in the research. The first sub-objective of the research is to evaluate the views of social studies teachers on the program changes made in 2023. While some of the teachers found the changes in disaster education sufficient, others argue that more comprehensive disaster education should be provided from an earlier age. As the second sub-objective, teachers' suggestions for program changes were received. In line with this purpose, teachers made suggestions such as using technology, starting disaster education from lower grades and continuing in a spiral manner. As the third sub objective, the reflections of the changes made in the program on teachers' in-class practices were examined. It was determined that teachers adopted new practices such as drills, video and visual supported narration, and activity-based learning in their in-class practices. The findings of the study reveal that disaster education should be provided in a more effective and comprehensive manner. Teachers stated that starting disaster education from an early age and contining it gradually and repeatedly will increase students' awareness and ensure that they are more prepared in disaster situations. In this context, in addition to program changes, it is important to support teachers with continuous professional development programs and equip them with up-to-date information on disaster education
Evaluation of Morphological Characteristics of Different Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Genotypes that Can Grow in Muş Conditions with Different Analysis Methods
Get PDFThe sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plant is produced in the world and in Türkiye for the vegetable oil obtained from its seeds. It is an economically significant oil plant in the world and Türkiye with its high oil content (45-50%). It is grown as oil and snack food in different ecological regions of Türkiye. This study was conducted in irrigated conditions in Muş province in the 2023 production season. It was established as 5 blocks according to the Augmented trial design, using 81 genotypes as research material. In line with the parameters obtained from the research, it varied between 108.78-200.05 cm plant height, 14.33-23.33 cm head diameter, 38.38-106.58 g 1000 seed weight, 157.63-390.61 kg da-1 seed yield. Plant height of genotypes compared to control varieties in terms of all examined traits; 4, head diameter; 6, 1000 seed weight; 16, seed yield; 13 genotypes were found to be superior to control varieties. According to all analysis methods, SLP was found to have high levels of adherence to HD and SUD, and the remaining other examined characteristics were determined to be interrelated. Also the study; G67, G66, G41 and G30 genotypes were found to be higher than the control varieties in terms of all characteristics. In conclusion; It is anticipated that, in the light of the data obtained in the study, it will help local producers and scientists plan similar research
Gracchus Kardeslerin Toprak Reformlari: Sosyal Adalet Mücadelesi
Get PDFFrom the early Roman Republic, tensions steadily grew between the aristocratic elite and the lower classes. The aristocracy’s dominance in political offices and extensive landownership were key sources of inequality and unrest. While occasional compromises were made between the social classes, reform efforts were also undertaken to address the poor’s living conditions. By the late Republican period, the economic situation of the rural population had deteriorated significantly, leading to increasing demands for structural reform. In the 2nd century BCE, the Gracchi brothers emerged as prominent reformers aiming to address these social and economic disparities. Their central legislative initiative focused on redistributing a portion of land, particularly land acquired illegally by the wealthy, to landless peasants. Additional reforms included proposals for the state to cover military expenses of peasant soldiers and for granting legal rights to Rome’s allies and Latin populations, aligning them more closely with Roman citizens. These reform efforts, however, were perceived as direct challenges to the entrenched power of the aristocracy. Consequently, the elite actively resisted the implementation of such measures. This paper examines the underlying causes of socio-political unrest, the reformist strategies pursued by the Gracchi brothers, and the opposition they encountered from Rome’s ruling class.Roma Cumhuriyeti'nin ilk dönemlerinden itibaren aristokrat elit ile alt siniflar arasindaki gerilim giderek artti. Aristokrasinin siyasi makamlar üzerindeki hâkimiyeti ve genis toprak mülkiyeti, esitsizlik ve huzursuzlugun baslica kaynaklariydi. Sosyal siniflar arasinda zaman zaman uzlasmalar saglansa da, yoksul kesimin yasam kosullarini iyilestirmeye yönelik reform girisimlerinde de bulunulmustur. Cumhuriyet döneminin sonlarina dogru, kirsal nüfusun ekonomik durumu önemli ölçüde kötülesmis, bu da yapisal reform taleplerinin artmasina neden olmustur. M.Ö. 2. yüzyilda, Gracchus Kardesler bu sosyal ve ekonomik esitsizlikleri ele almayi amaçlayan önde gelen reformcular olarak ortaya çiktilar. Onlarin temel yasama girisimi, özellikle zenginler tarafindan yasa disi yollarla edinilen topraklarin bir kisminin topraksiz köylülere dagitilmasina odaklanmaktaydi. Ek reform önerileri arasinda, köylü askerlerin askeri giderlerinin devlet tarafindan karsilanmasi ve Roma’nin müttefikleri ile Latin topluluklarina Roma vatandaslariyla benzer yasal haklarin taninmasi yer almaktaydi. Ancak bu reform girisimleri, aristokrasinin yerlesik gücüne dogrudan bir tehdit olarak görülmüstür. Sonuç olarak, seçkin sinif bu tür önlemlerin uygulanmasina aktif olarak karsi çikmistir. Bu çalisma, sosyo-politik huzursuzlugun temel nedenlerini, Gracchus Kardeslerin izledigi reform stratejilerini ve Roma'nin yönetici sinifindan gördükleri direnci incelemektedir
Principles of material extrusion in metal additive manufacturing
No full textThis study aims to examine the potential effects of additive manufacturing (AM) technology on the principles of metal material extrusion. Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, is an advanced manufacturing method that enables the production of three-dimensional objects by combining materials layer by layer. Compared to traditional extrusion methods, additive manufacturing allows for the production of complex geometries and customized designs more easily and flexibly. In this study, the principles of additive manufacturing technology and various metal extrusion methods were examined, and the potential for combining these two technologies in industrial applications was investigated. The advantages of AM in this field are discussed by examining the extrusion process of metal materials and the difficulties encountered in traditional methods. The focus of the study is on how AM can be adapted to the metal material extrusion process and how this adaptation can be applied in industrial sectors. Additionally, the importance of design and simulation processes and material selection was emphasized. However, the potential challenges and technical limitations associated with combining additive manufacturing and metal material extrusion are also discussed. A summary is presented on the possible applications and impacts of additive manufacturing and metal material extrusion in the automotive, aerospace, medical, energy, and other industries. Additionally, speculations were made about potential future developments and innovative approaches, and how these technologies could contribute to industrial transformations was discussed. Additionally, researchers and industry professionals in the field of AM and metal material extrusion are presented with a broad perspective on the advantages and opportunities that can be obtained from combining these two technologies. As a result, it is anticipated that additive manufacturing and metal material extrusion can play important roles in future industrial applications and make production processes more efficient, flexible, and sustainable. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Quo Vadis Gerotranscendence? A Systematic Literature Network Analysis of Existing Themes and Emerging Trends in Gerotranscendence Theory with a Focus on International Applications
Get PDFLars Tornstam's Gerotranscendence Theory suggests that the aging process involves a shift in perspective from materialistic concerns to a more cosmic outlook, characterized by transcendence in cosmic, personal, and social dimensions. This study uses a Systematic Literature Network Analysis to explore the central themes and emerging trends in gerotranscendence-related research. A total of 139 articles published between 1992 and 2024 were retrieved from the ISI Web of Science database. The findings revealed core thematic areas including aging care, religiosity, and reminiscence, along with emerging areas such as marketing, environmental design, and gerontology. Although the theory originated in Sweden, its application has become increasingly global, with significant research in countries such as India, China, and Turkey. Despite its relatively recent development, gerotranscendence demonstrates considerable potential as a conceptual framework for interventions that promote positive aging.Mus Alparslan UniversityThe authors have nothing to report