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Omnipresent intercorrelations of metabolic syndrome markers in the general population
No full textInternational audienceBackground Besides the usual characterization of metabolic syndrome as a cluster of markers arbitrarily defined by thresholds, it is unclear to which extent these markers as continuous traits are correlated with each other in the general population. The present study aimed to explore these correlations across a wide array of biological, social and behavioral characteristics. Methods The cross-sectional analyses were performed in a large population-based French cohort (CONSTANCES) of 159,476 adults in whom blood glucose, low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL), triglycerides, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured at the time of recruitment between 2012 and 2021. Correlations between each pair of continuous marker distributions were assessed by calculating raw and partial correlation coefficients (r). Results The same pattern of partial correlations is observed with little variation in all groups of sex, age, individual and parental histories of cardiovascular disease, diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, social position, work environment, lifetime unemployment exposure, smoking, non-moderate alcohol consumption, leisure-time physical inactivity and diet quality. This pattern is composed of strong and expected intercorrelations between systolic and diastolic blood pressures (r ranging from 0.62 to 0.74), between body mass index and waist (r from 0.50 to 0.63) and hip (r from 0.58 to 0.70) circumferences and between waist and hip circumferences (r from 0.07 to 0.19). It also includes intercorrelations of systolic blood pressure with waist (r from 0.10 to 0.21) and hip (r from −0.07 to −0.12) circumferences and with blood glucose (r from 0.09 to 0.15), those of triglycerides with blood glucose (r from 0.07 to 0.16), LDL (r from 0.24 to 0.33), HDL (r from −0.20 to −0.29) and waist circumference (r from 0.07 to 0.15), and finally those of waist and hip circumferences with blood glucose (r from 0.09 to 0.17 and from −0.08 to −0.13) and HDL (r from −0.12 to −0.24 and from 0.08 to 0.18). Conclusions These results show that metabolic syndrome markers are correlated with each other whatever the biological, social or behavioral characteristics of individuals. They suggest that it makes sense to systematically consider these markers all together rather than separately in terms of etiology, prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases and cardiovascular risk in the general population
EnergyCompress: A General Case Base Learning Strategy
No full textInternational audienceCase-based prediction (CBP) methods do not learn a model of the target decision function but instead perform an inference process that depends on two similarity measures and a reference case base. This paper proposes a strategy, called EnergyCompress, to learn an effective case base by selecting relevant cases from an initial set. Use of EnergyCompress decreases CBP inference time, through case base compression, and also increases prediction performance, for a wide variety of CBP algorithms. Ener-gyCompress relies on a general formulation of the CBP task in the framework of energy-based models, which leads to a new and valuable characterization of the notion of competence in case-based reasoning, in particular at the source case level. Extensive experimental results on 18 benchmarks comparing EnergyCompress to 5 reference algorithms for case base maintenance support the benefit of the proposed strategy.</div
« Il faut beaucoup de courage », introduction aux troisièmes assises du psychotrauma : « Santé mentale des exilé.es, entre non droit et résistance ! »
No full textDiscours introductif aux troisièmes assises du psychotrauma : « Santé mentale des exilé.es, entre non droit et résistance ! », 26 mars 2025, Campus Condorcet, Aubervillier
F-actin disassembly by the oxidoreductase MICAL1 promotes mechano-dependent VWF-GPIbα interaction in platelets
No full textInternational audienceMechano-dependent interactions are key to thrombus formation and hemostasis, enabling stable platelet adhesion to injured vessels. The interaction between von Willebrand factor (VWF) and the platelet receptor GPIb-IX-V is central to this process. While GPIbα connects to the actin cytoskeleton, whether actin dynamics are important for GPIbα function under hemodynamic, high shear conditions remains largely unknown. Here, we show that actin disassembly is critical for proper VWF-GPIbα binding under shear. Mechanistically, we identify the oxidoreductase MICAL1 as a shear-activated regulator that promotes local F-actin disassembly around the GPIb-IX-V complex. This enables its translocation to lipid rafts and reinforces VWF binding. MICAL1-deficient platelets display impaired adhesion, increased deformability under shear, and defective thrombus formation in vivo. Thus, MICAL1 drives shear-dependent actin remodeling that supports GPIb-IX-V mechanotransduction and platelet function. These findings uncover a role for actin oxidation in platelet adhesion, providing a connection between cytoskeletal redox control and platelet function during thrombus formation
Geography of resistance: rugged terrain and the dynamics of Kurdish National Movement in Iran
No full textInternational audienceExisting literature on the Kurdish National Movement in Iran largely overlooks its spatial and geographical dimensions, focusing instead on historical and socio-political dynamics. This article addresses that gap by analysing the post-1979 period through Lefebvre’s critical human geography, showing how the conflictual intersection between state territorialisation strategies and the Kurdish movement shapes conflict zones and reconfigures Kurdish political parties’ modes of struggle. It argues that Kurdistan’s rugged terrain gave Kurdish political parties three key advantages: hindering state access, offering refuge, and enabling cross-border mobility. It analyses how the Iranian state deployed a threefold territorialisation strategy – inflicting the armed conflict of the 1980s, conducting cross-border military operations by extension of the Iran–Iraq War to Kurdistan, and development projects in the Kurdish hinterland – thereby incorporating Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran (KDPI) and Komala strongholds into state space and undermining their spatial leverage. However, the emergence of the Free Life of Kurdistan (PJAK) in 2004 signals the structural persistence and dynamic evolution of non-state spaces resisting the Iranian state’s attempt at total territorial domination
Numérique en santé : intérêts d’un regard éthique pour construire des programmes de formation à destination des professionnels de santé
No full textInternational audienceMedicine includes more and more digital technology in professional practices, all the more for patient care. Health public policy and a large commercial offer contribute to this expansion. How does this evolution should be integrated in health professional teaching? How ethics can identify the best way to approach it? First, the authors has chosen to analyze challenges of digital technology on human care. The second part discusses the goals and the strategy to design the training intervention to develop the skills needed.La médecine intègre toujours plus les technologies de l'information et de la communication dans les pratiques professionnelles et encore davantage dans les prises en charge, sous la désignation générale « du numérique en santé ». Cette évolution est le fruit d'une offre exponentielle dans ce domaine -à l'instar de l'intelligence artificielle -combinée à une orientation des politiques publiques en ce sens. Comment former au mieux les professionnels de santé pour appréhender cette évolution ? Quel intérêt l'éthique peut-elle avoir dans cette préoccupation ? Les auteurs proposent de convoquer l'éthique pour considérer d'une part les transformations que le numérique en santé entraîne avec lui, pour ensuite examiner avec prudence les implications d'un point de vue pédagogique afin de développer les compétences attendues
Existence, instablité et répartition de l'énergie pour des équations d'évolution linéaires ou non linéaires issues de la mécanique des fluides
No full textThis thesis contains three themes: microlocal partition of energy, the virial theorem, and the well-posedness of jet flows. The first theme explores how the energy of solutions to dispersive equations is equally distributed inside and outside the light cone. This phenomenon has been frequently used to study the long-term behavior of (non)linear wave equations. We will extend it to a large class of linear dispersive equations, replacing the light cone by a hypersurface in phase space and characterizing the energy partition via pseudo-differential operators.The second theme examines the equipartition of kinetic and potential energies for two-phase water-wave systems. This study leads to a quantitative description of the instability of the system when the lower fluid is no denser than the upper one, which is known as the Rayleigh-Taylor instability and the Kelvin-Helmoltz instability.The third theme addresses the Cauchy problem of the evolution of cylindrical fluids with free boundary, namely jets. We establish the local well-posedness theory for this evolution equation in Sobolev spaces without any symmetric assumptions. This result constitutes a fundamental step towards understanding the long-term behaviour of jet flows.Cette thèse contient trois thèmes : la partition microlocale de l'énergie, le théorème du viriel, et le caractère bien posé des écoulements de jet. Le premier thème concerne la manière dont l'énergie des solutions des équations dispersives est distribuée également à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur du cône de lumière. Ce phénomène a été fréquemment utilisé pour étudier le comportement à long terme des équations d'ondes (non) linéaires. Nous l'étendrons à une grande classe d'équations dispersives linéaires, en remplaçant le cône de lumière par une hypersurface dans l'espace des phases et en caractérisant la partition de l'énergie via des opérateurs pseudo-différentiels.Le deuxième thème examine l'équipartition des énergies cinétique et potentielle pour les systèmes de vagues d'eau à deux phases. Cette étude conduit à une description quantitative de l'instabilité du système lorsque le fluide supérieur est plus dense que le fluide inférieur, ce qui est connu comme l'instabilité de Rayleigh-Taylor et l'instabilité de Kelvin-Helmoltz.Le troisième thème traite du problème de Cauchy pour l'évolution des fluides cylindriques à frontière libre, à savoir les jets. Nous établissons le caractère localement bien posé pour cette équation d'évolution dans les espaces de Sobolev sans aucune hypothèse de symétrie. Ce résultat constitue une étape fondamentale vers la compréhension du comportement à long terme des écoulements de jets
L’extorsion de signature : une infraction contre les personnes ?
No full textInternational audienceDans son arrêt du 5 février 2025, la Cour de cassation affirme que le délit d’extorsion n’exige pas que la signature obtenue par violence, menace ou contrainte soit apposée sur un document valant engagement. Cette solution permet de sanctionner le comportement intimidant d’un employeur à l’égard d’une salariée, si bien que l’extorsion, infraction classiquement présentée comme une infraction contre les biens, semble muer, dans cette hypothèse, en infraction contre les personnes
Explainable Analysis of Patient Profiles with Sleep Disorders: Clustering Approach and Identification of Key Factors
No full textSleep disorders have a major impact on patients, but their diagnosis remains complex due to the diversity of symptoms. Today, technological advances and the analysis of medical data offer new perspectives for better understanding them. In this work, we use real data from the KANOPEE application to analyze these disorders. Our objective is to better understand sleep disorders using artificial intelligence. In particular, eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), which aims to make AI decisions understandable and interpretable by users. We propose two methods: (1) a regression method to predict the average sleep duration, and (2) a method based on clustering to classify patients according to different disorder profiles. In both cases, an XAI approach is used to identify the key features influencing the target variable. A concrete application on anonymized real-world data demonstrates the relevance of our methods
Mitigating Shear Band Instability in Crystal/Glass Nanolaminates Through Interface Engineering
No full textInternational audienceCrystal/glass nanolaminates (NLs) present mutually exclusive mechanical properties by combining the strength of the amorphous phase with the ductility of the crystalline phase. Moreover, reducing the amorphous layer thickness can suppress shear band instability while adjusting the crystalline layer promotes crystal/glass co-deformation, leading to superior strength and plasticity [1]. However, the role of the interface is not well understood. Moreover, BCC/glass NLs remain largely unexplored despite their proven potential to present promote co-deformation due to the difference in the dislocation process of BCC, i.e., screw dislocations moving in multi-planar to cross-slip processes [2].Here, we present architectural and interface engineering strategies in BCC/glass NLs that effectively suppress shear band instability and promote homogenous co-deformation. 2 μm-thick Fe/Zr40Cu60 NLs were synthesized by magnetron co-sputtering. To investigate the size-dependent shear band instability transition, we varied the Zr40Cu60 thickness (10-90 nm), keeping the Fe at 10 nm. In a second approach, we varied the bilayer period between 20-80 nm at equal volume fractions to investigate the role of the interface density.The hardness (H) and yield strength (σy) of the Fe/Zr40Cu60 NLs exceeds individual layer values, reaching H = 9.6 GPa and σy = 2.14 GPa for the 10/10 nm NLs due to the sharp interfaces blocking the shear band. Micropillar compression tests showed that thicker Zr40Cu60 layers (90 nm) lead to shear band instability, whereas thinner layers show homogenous co-deformation. Combining interface and architecture effects, 20/20 nm NL exhibits an exceptional 45% compressive plasticity and σy = 1.96 GPa. Overall, our findings provide insights into the nanoengineering of crystal/glass NLs by exploiting the interface effects, suppressing shear band instability, and promoting co-deformation effectively.REFERENCES[1] W. Guo et al., Acta Mater, vol. 80, 2014. [2] F. Qin et al., Mater. Sci. Eng. A, vol. 891, 2024