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The French (Hip-Hop) Revolution Is Yet to Come: a sociology of rap music in France
No full textInternational audienceThis chapter offers an overview of the various spaces which have led to the racialisation of rap music in France using tools available to cultural sociology. It relies on several extensive case studies conducted in the past ten years on French rap music, its production, its consumption, and its media treatment. With the help of the “production of culture perspective”, the chapter describes how the music industry seized the opportunity to exploit a commercial niche that would later become a racialised professional segment central in its business. Focusing on the consumption of music, we then contest the representation of rap audiences as exclusively or initially male, non-White and working-class based, and demonstrate how these audiences have been socially diversified from the outset. These empirical findings are not contradictory with the capacity of rap to serve as a formative medium for racial self-understandings in contemporary France. Finally, the sociology of cultural legitimacy offers a framework to examine the political, legal, and mediatic racialisation processes which have incited moral panic relating to rap and rappers, such as lawsuits or attempts to censor their work
Mapping ordinary contributions: collaborative dynamics around a “de facto common good” in fan communities
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Utiliser la fiction pour engager les étudiant·es à faire de la physique
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Comparison of Different Bipolar Construct Configurations for the Correction of Adult Spine Deformity: A Finite Element Analysis
No full textInternational audiencePurposeA minimally invasive bipolar spinal fixation was recently developed to correct the deformity in pediatric neuromuscular scoliosis and has recently been adapted for adult scoliosis. Although the clinical results are promising, mechanical complications are still not negligible. In this work, alternative configurations of bipolar constructs were compared through numerical simulation, in order to evaluate stress distribution along the implant according to each configuration.MethodsThe configurations included doubling the rods, adding lumbar screws to strengthen the distal anchorage, and combining two different materials (titanium and chromium-cobalt alloy). This resulted in seven different configurations, which were implemented in a subject-specific and experimentally validated finite element model, based on the geometry of an asymptomatic subject. Von Mises stresses were compared between configurations.ResultsThe results confirm that doubling the rods reduced mid-rod stresses, as expected, but also shifted some of the load from the distal anchorage to the rods, which is a common site of implant failure. The addition of pedicle screws also reduced the stress in the distal anchorage. The configuration showing the best compromise between stress reduction and the mini-invasive character of surgery included a doubling of both rods in titanium.ConclusionsThese results should be confirmed by clinical results, but they already provide clear guidelines for the surgeon
Penser le corps : théories psychanalytiques
No full textInternational audiencePrésentation des œuvres de psychanalystes qui ont été en quelque sorte les défricheurs d’une métapsychologie du corps, ce livre montre pourquoi les praticiens en ont besoin, et comment ils s’en servent pour s’orienter dans leur pratique : relecture des œuvres de Jean Laplanche et sa théorie de la séduction généralisée, de Michel Henry et son concept de « corps-propriation » du monde, de Gaetano Benedetti, de Gisela Pankow et de leurs approches respectives des psychoses, de Didier Anzieu et son concept de « moi-peau », de Pierre Marty et Michel Fain et leur analyse du rôle pulsionnel de la motricité…Cet ouvrage offre un large balayage ainsi qu’une relecture de l’histoire de la pensée du corps en psychanalyse
Casting out: The racial division of acting labor in French film and television
No full textInternational audienceThis article examines how racial categories shape casting practices in the French film and television industry. Drawing on interviews with 24 casting directors and 51 actors and actresses perceived as non-white, it reveals a highly stratified employment landscape, where ethnoracial stereotypes severely restrict access to significant roles. Although explicit racial categorization is generally prohibited in France, the entertainment industry benefits from specific exemptions that allow casting professionals to openly rely on ethnoracial criteria. Non-white performers describe casting as a degrading, exclusionary process, as they are frequently compelled to embody caricatured roles, adopt fake accents or subjected to demeaning comments about their appearance. Despite formal training and proven talent, they are often confined to minor parts, due to a racialized structure of artistic labor
Inhibitory effects of tetraselmis algae extract on cervical cancer cell proliferation: a molecular and cellular approach
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Effect of Cheneau bracing on rib cage kinematics during breathing in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis assessed by biplanar radiography: a feasibility study
No full textInternational audienceBackground Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) can be associated with restrictive lung disease. Brace wearing is also associated with restrictive lung disease. Due to external compression, bracing could alter the biomechanical function of the rib cage. The aim of this work was to test the feasibility of using biplanar radiography to study the impact of the brace on the rib cage kinematics during breathing. Materials and methods Twelve patients with moderate AIS, treated with Cheneau-Toulouse-Munster (CTM) brace, underwent pulmonary function test and biplanar radiography at two lung volumes: normal breathing and full inspiration with and without brace. Their spine and rib cage were reconstructed in 3D from the radiographs. Results Lung volumes were reduced after application of the brace, both by pulmonary function test and 3D reconstruction. The reduction in the rib cage volume appeared to be due to changes in rib cage width, in relation to the pressure pads. Costovertebral strategy did not seem to be modified by brace wearing. The brace tended to increase the correction of the cobb angle in maximum inspiration. Conclusions This study confirms the relevance of assessing respiratory function using biplanar radiography and 3D reconstruction. By reducing lung volumes without changing the costo-vertebral strategy, the impact of the Cheneau brace on ventilation remains to be clarified. Level of evidence III, prospective
Rebuts dans l’espace méditerranéen: Flux, pratiques et contestations
No full textCe numéro 37 des Cahiers d’EMAM est le prolongement, l’élargissement, mais aussi l’enrichissement d’une réflexion initiée lors du panel « Rebuts, récupération et réparation : usages et pratiques économiques dans les villes arabes », qui s’est tenu à l’occasion du 5e Congrès du GIS Moyen-Orient et Mondes musulmans, en juillet 2023. Les lecteurs·trices pourront y découvrir sept articles de chercheur·euses géographes, sociologues et anthropologues, mais aussi trois longs résumés de thèses rédigés spécifiquement pour cette publication [Joëlle Abou Issa, Ines Naimi, Diane Robert]. Toutes ces contributions ont pour point commun d’appréhender les rebuts comme une entrée privilégiée pour saisir les enjeux socio-économiques, politiques et environnementaux qui témoignent des inégalités et des injustices qui structurent les sociétés de la région.Une partie de ces contributions s’intéresse à la structuration de ces économies du déchet, aux mondes sociaux de la récupération et du recyclage, aux réseaux d’acteurs qui les animent, et aux espaces urbains dans lesquels elles s’inscrivent et qu’elles contribuent à reconfigurer. D’autres contributions montrent comment les économies du rebut participent à façonner des subjectivités politiques émergentes et situées, en mettant l’accent sur les injustices environnementales et sociales liées aux déchets et à leurs effets nuisibles, voire toxiques. Elles révèlent ainsi comment la circulation de ces matières et leur gestion politique, souvent délétère, affectent les milieux de vie locaux et suscitent des formes de mobilisation, de dénonciation, voire de contestation, autour des inégalités et des violences environnementales que produisent ces circulations et politiques.Enfin, les conflits de ces dernières décennies qui ont marqué la région moyen-orientale (Irak, Syrie, Liban, Yémen et, bien sûr, Gaza) ont laissé ruines, pollutions toxiques, munitions non explosées et innombrables déchets de toutes sortes. Si les violences sociales et environnementales héritées de ces « rebuts de guerre » ne sont pas abordées dans ce Cahier, elles nous obligent, en tant que chercheur·euses, à les intégrer à nos réflexions futures
