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Triangulations of the sphere, hamiltonian circuits, colorings
No full textIn this paper we study the 4-connected triangulations of the sphere and their number co of coloring with 4 colors up to permutation of the colors, and also the number ch of their hamiltonian circuits. The four colors theorem is equivalent to say that co does not vanish for any 4-connected triangulation of the sphere. A theorem of H. Whitney in 1931 shows that every 4-connected triangulation of the sphere admits at least one hamiltonian circuit. If G is obtained by gluing the triangulations G1 and G2 along a triangle then co(G) = co(G1)co(G2). Since to be 4-connected means to be indecomposable for a triangulation, we get the conclusion.We have calculated the number of colorations of all the 4-connected triangulations with n vertices, which set is c4(n) for n ≤ 24 and we support the following conjecture :Every non zero integer is the number of colorations of a finite set of 4connected triangulations of the sphere.We have shown that the maximum of co for c4(n) and even for the set of triangulations of the sphere with n vertices is obtained for the n-suspension. We also have calculated the number ch of hamiltonian circuits of the elements of c4(n) for n < 17 and we support the conjecture :For n > 5 the n-suspension is the triangulation of c4(n) which realizes also the minimum of ch.We also show that every triangulation of the sphere having a hamiltonian circuit in particular the elements of c4(n) can be represented by an ordered list of 2n -2 positive integers. We deduce an algorithm to build all the graphs. However as it is difficult to sort the isomorphic graphs, we have used the code plantri of Brinkmann, Van den Camp and McKay to get the list of c4(n) for n > 16.We study also the numbers co and ch for some series of triangulations of the sphere.</div
Dimensional Analysis Of 3D-printed Dental Arches: Comparing Vat Photopolymerization Workflows
No full textInternational audienceObjectives:This study aimed to propose a novel approach to analyze 3D-printed dental arch modelsdimensions and compare the deviations resulting from various vat photopolymerization workflows (VPPW),each defined by a specific combination of printer, resin type and layers thicknesses.Methods:A reference model (RM) of a digital dental arch with a custom support base was printed withdifferent layer thicknesses and resins specific to one of the four 3D printers, one SLA printer (Form 3B+), oneDLP printer (Pro95 S), and two LCD printers (Sonic Mini 8K; Form 4B) (Table 1). The RM and 110 scans of theprinted models underwent the same mesh processing before dimensional analysis using a best-fit algorithm.The normalized deviation (ND) between the printed models and RM was calculated as the ratio of theintegrated absolute distance (IIDI) to the area of valid distance (AVD). ND values were then weighted (wND) bythe ratio of AVD to the surface area of the mesh-processed RM (ARMmesh) (Image 1).Results:Weighting the values of ND was relevant into showing the discrepancy between models with eitherhigher or lower AVD, however wND values could be more finely adjusted. Reducing the layer thickness (i.e.50μm) was not consistently correlated with a decrease in wND for every VPPW (Image 2). Form 4B workflowsprovided overall lower wND than the other workflows.Conclusions:A specific VPPW alone is not sufficient to ensure limited deviations. Instead, it is a combinationof software and hardware parameters throughout the printing workflow which needs to be tuned to thecharacteristic of a specific resin
Éduquer à un humanisme numérique. Approches critiques de l'innovation pédagogique
No full textInternational audienceAu cours des dernières décennies, les technologies numériques ont pénétré massivement les pratiques scolaires. De l’école maternelle à l’université, les technologies sont aujourd’hui mises au service de la collaboration, de l’exploration ou du partage de connaissances, mais aussi du développement de pratiques hybrides ou à distance.Ces pratiques numériques, souvent qualifiées d’innovantes, génèrent des attentes fortes de la part des institutions scolaires et universitaires. Pour autant, les usages scolaires et universitaires du numérique sont loin de faire consensus : des débats et des tensions demeurent.Cet ouvrage collectif est consacré à l’exploration des pratiques éducatives innovantes et à la place occupée par les enseignants et les éducateurs qui se saisissent de la perspective des humanités numériques dans ces nouveaux rapports aux savoirs
Représentations des pharmaciens sur la notion de soins non programmés en Île-de-France
No full textINTRODUCTIONUnscheduled care is generally defined as requests arising from a patient's perceived urgency. They have been the cause of an increase in emergency department visits since 1990. General practitioners (GPs) manage some of this demand in the community, but this is not sufficient. Community pharmacists, through their accessibility, could contribute to the management of unscheduled care. However, pharmacists' perceptions remain poorly documented in the literature.This study therefore focuses on pharmacists' perceptions of unscheduled careMÉTHODEA qualitative study using semi-structured interviews was conducted with 12 community pharmacists in the Île-de-France region. The interviews were transcribed and then a thematic analysis was performed using MAXQDA® software.RÉSULTATSThe pharmacists surveyed defined unscheduled care as emergencies experienced by the patient. Due to their accessibility, they play a central role in managing unscheduled care. However, there are several constraints: organizational and emotional. They have several tools at their disposal to help them. They highlight a lack of communication with general practitioners, with the presence of competitive areas.CONCLUSIONThe study highlights the central role of the community pharmacist in the management of SNPs. However, it is necessary to establish better collaboration with general practitioners. The establishment of collaborative structures is encouraging to optimize the management of SNPs.INTRODUCTIONLes soins non programmés sont définis de manière générale comme des demandes relevant de l’urgence ressentie par le patient. Ils sont à l’origine d’une augmentation des passages aux urgences depuis 1990. Les médecins généralistes gèrent une part de cette demande en ville, mais cela n’est pas suffisant. Les pharmaciens d’officines, par leur accessibilité pourraient contribuer à la gestion des SNP. Cependant, les représentations des pharmaciens restent peu documentées dans la littérature.Cette étude s’intéresse donc aux représentations des pharmaciens sur les soins programmés.MÉTHODEUne étude qualitative par d’entretiens semi-dirigés a été menée auprès de 12 pharmaciens d’officines en Île-de-France. Les entretiens ont été retranscris puis une analyse thématique a été effectuée à l’aide du logiciel MAXQDA®.RÉSULTATSLes pharmaciens interrogés définissent les soins non programmés comme des urgences ressenties par le patient. Par leurs accessibilités, ils occupent un rôle central dans la gestion des soins non programmés. Mails plusieurs contraintes existent : organisationnelles et émotionnelles. Ils ont plusieurs outils à disposition pour les aider. Ils soulignent un manque de communication avec les médecins généralistes avec présence de zones de concurrences.CONCLUSIONL’étude met en évidence le rôle central du pharmacien d’officine dans la prise en charge des SNP. Cependant, il est nécessaire de mettre en place une meilleure collaboration avec les médecins généralistes. La mise en place de structures collaboratives est encourageante pour optimiser la prise en charge des SNP
Culture underground et (in)visibilité des scènes musicales: La scène Black & Noir à Angers (1988-1994) et sa patrimonialisation “alternative”
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« Chaque année, 300 heures d’enseignement sont réalisées par des patients auprès des futurs généralistes »
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Sur la fin comme stratégie (ou contre la fin de la stratégie)
No full textInternational audienceThis article analyses the contemporary rise of neo-reactionary and neo-fascist forces as a continuation of neoliberalism, which was violently imposed in Latin America in the 1970s. Unlike that period, which was characterised by military dictatorships, the current wave of authoritarianism has managed to establish itself through electoral mechanisms (digital screens and the legitimacy of votes). It argues that the key to this emergency lies in a neoliberal-digital subjectivity that has been produced in recent decades and is particularly susceptible to the so-called neo-reactionary. This subjectivity is characterised by three central dimensions: counter-empathy (a meritocratic individualism based on economic Darwinism), digital disconnection-through-hyperconnection (which promotes information saturation and a fascination with the ephemeral and viral), and political neutralisation through the commodification of personal well-being.It also discusses how current neo-fascist discourses have strategically exploited the idea of the end, channelling existential fears about economic, cultural and ecological collapse towards clearly defined enemies (migrants, feminists, progressive ideologies). In the face of this neo-reactionary advance, the text criticises the strategic difficulty faced by the left in effectively challenging a subjectivity largely shaped by neoliberal-digital logic, pointing to the urgent need to develop new political and affective tools to counter the mobilising power of fear and indignation characteristic of neo-fascism. English and French versions are available here.Este artículo analiza el ascenso contemporáneo de las fuerzas neorreaccionarias y neofascistas como continuidad histórica del neoliberalismo implantado violentamente en América Latina en la década de 1970. A diferencia de aquel período caracterizado por dictaduras militares, la actual oleada autoritaria ha logrado instalarse mediante mecanismos electorales (pantallas digitales y la legitimidad de los votos). Se sostiene que la clave de esta emergencia radica en una subjetividad neoliberal-digital que ha sido producida en las últimas décadas y que resulta particularmente susceptible al llamado neorreaccionario. Tal subjetividad se caracteriza por tres dimensiones centrales: la contra-empatía (un individualismo meritocrático basado en el darwinismo económico), la desconexión-por-hiperconexión digital (que promueve una saturación informativa y una fascinación por lo efímero y viral) y la neutralización política mediante la mercantilización del bienestar personal.Asimismo, se plantea cómo los discursos neofascistas actuales han sabido explotar estratégicamente la idea del fin, canalizando temores existenciales frente al colapso económico, cultural y ecológico en torno a enemigos claramente definidos (migrantes, feminismos, ideologías progresistas). Frente a esta avanzada neorreaccionaria, se critica la dificultad estratégica que enfrentan las izquierdas para interpelar eficazmente a una subjetividad ampliamente marcada por la lógica neoliberal-digital, señalando la necesidad urgente de desarrollar nuevas herramientas políticas y afectivas que confronten la eficacia movilizadora del miedo y la indignación propias del neofascismo.Cet article analyse la montée contemporaine des forces néoréactionnaires et néofascistes comme une continuité du néolibéralisme imposé violemment en Amérique latine dans les années 1970. Contrairement à cette période caractérisée par des dictatures militaires, la vague autoritaire actuelle a réussi à s'installer grâce à des mécanismes électoraux (écrans numériques et légitimité des votes). Il est soutenu que la clé de cette émergence réside dans une subjectivité néolibérale-numérique qui s'est développée au cours des dernières décennies et qui est particulièrement sensible à l'appel néo-réactionnaire. Cette subjectivité se caractérise par trois dimensions centrales : la contre-empathie (un individualisme méritocratique fondé sur le darwinisme économique), la déconnexion par l'hyperconnexion numérique (qui favorise une saturation de l'information et une fascination pour l'éphémère et le viral) et la neutralisation politique par la marchandisation du bien-être personnel.De même, il examine comment les discours néofascistes actuels ont su exploiter stratégiquement l'idée de la fin, en canalisant les peurs existentielles face à l'effondrement économique, culturel et écologique vers des ennemis clairement définis (migrants, féminismes, idéologies progressistes). Face à cette avancée néo-réactionnaire, le texte critique la difficulté stratégique à laquelle se heurte la gauche pour interpeller efficacement une subjectivité largement marquée par la logique néolibérale-numérique, soulignant la nécessité urgente de développer de nouveaux outils politiques et affectifs pour contrer l'efficacité mobilisatrice de la peur et de l'indignation propres au néofascisme. Les versions en français et en anglais sont disponibles ici
Gestion de l’asthme et de la BPCO : analyse des profils cliniques, des trajectoires post-hospitalisation et des interventions thérapeutiques
No full textInternational audienceAbstractObjectives: Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) are major global health issues, impacting morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Despite the proven benefits of pharmacist involvement in managing these conditions, their potential in hospitals remains underused. This study aimed to identify patients at high risk of rehospitalization post-exacerbation of asthma or COPD, to target pharmaceutical interventions.Methods: Data from the University Hospital for January-December 2019 on adult admissions for asthma/COPD were analyzed, focusing on demographics, hospitalization, and clinical outcomes.Results: Among the 140 patients enrolled, a significant majority (91%) underwent adjustments in their treatment regimens during their hospital stay, and nearly 59% faced readmission within six months. A survival analysis highlighted a notable disparity in the rates of rehospitalization-free survival between patients with asthma and those with COPD, identifying COPD patients as having a higher susceptibility to rehospitalization.Conclusion: The study found COPD patients at greater risk but did not specify a priority profile, suggesting the necessity for broad, customized interventions to improve outcomes and reduce healthcare strain
SFC Modeling. Commercial Banks’s influence on macroeconomics dynamics and their impacts on theeconomic growth potentials in developing countries: the case of Côte d’Ivoire and Niger,Member of the West African Economic and Monetary Union ‘countries (WAEMU).
No full textThe first time use of Stock Flow Consistent modeling for developing countries and introducing a behavioral variable in the model. The model aims to capture the macroeconomic effects of two commercial banking behaviors: conservation credit creation and selective lending behavior two West African Economic and Monetary Union’ countries (Côte d’Ivoire and Niger), on economic long term growth dynamics.This master thesis examines how commercial banking behaviors, specifically conservative andselective credit practices, affect macroeconomic recovery in developing countries, using Côted’Ivoire and Niger as case studies within the WAEMU region. Its originality lies in embeddingbehavioral assumptions into a stock-flow consistent (SFC) model calibrated to each country’sstructural characteristics. Through dynamic simulations, the study shows that conservativelending deepens recessions by restricting credit access, while selective lending, though lessdestabilizing, constrains inclusive growth through allocative bias. Statistical validationconfirms these dynamics, highlighting that banking behavior critically shapes investment,employment, and GDP recovery. The findings offer policy insights for reforming creditallocation mechanisms to strengthen macro-financial resilience in WAEMU economies.Ce mémoire de master 2 analyse l’impact des comportements bancaires, en particulier le crédit conservateuret l’allocation sélective, sur la reprise macroéconomique dans les pays en développement, àtravers les cas de la Côte d’Ivoire et du Niger, membres de l’UEMOA. L’originalité de l’étuderéside dans l’intégration d’hypothèses comportementales dans un modèle stock-flux cohérent(SFC), calibré selon les spécificités structurelles de chaque pays. Les simulations dynamiquesmontrent que le crédit conservateur aggrave les crises en rationnant l’investissement, tandis quele crédit sélectif freine une reprise inclusive en biaisant l’allocation sectorielle. La validationstatistique renforce ces résultats, soulignant que le comportement bancaire joue un rôledéterminant dans la dynamique de l’investissement, de l’emploi et du PIB. Ces conclusionsappellent à repenser les mécanismes d’allocation du crédit dans une perspective de résiliencemacro-financière au sein de l’UEMOA
Knowledge transfer interventions on cancer in Africa and Asia: a scoping review
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Cancer is a growing public health concern in Africa and Asia, where access to effective healthcare and resources is often limited. There is an urgent need for evidence-based cancer control policies in Africa and Asia, along with systems for prevention, early detection, diagnosis and treatment, and palliative care. This emerging issue has garnered growing interest from international institutions but there has been little visible action, and the existing knowledge remains scattered and fragmented. This scoping review aims to explore the breadth and scope of evidence regarding knowledge transfer interventions to enhance cancer care in Africa and Asia.Methods : We conducted a systematic search of Embase, Emcare, ERIC, APA PsycInfo, Medline, and Google Scholar, supplemented by expert bibliographies and references. Peer-reviewed empirical studies in English or French from January 1978 to September 2024 were included. Data were organised using the AIMD (Aims, Ingredients, Mechanism & Delivery) framework. Study quality was presented using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.Results : The scoping review examined seven articles providing evidence on five unique interventions. The interventions included target both decision-makers and health professionals and aim to strengthen evidence-based cancer control policies and implementation strategies. The interventions documented have all been initiated by external actors, mainly international institutions or researchers from high-income countries, in collaboration with African and Asian stakeholders. In addition, some researchers have been involved in participatory research projects designed to enable decision-makers to implement evidence-based cancer control policies and programmes.Conclusions : This scoping review highlights a critical lack of evidence on knowledge transfer interventions in cancer care across Africa and Asia, partly due to limited funding for non-communicable diseases. It calls for the integration of knowledge transfer components into all cancer research and interventions, supported by robust evaluation strategies, to develop evidence-based, economically feasible, and culturally appropriate policies, guidelines and interventions that can be used in nations with limited healthcare resources to improve cancer outcomes