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Sub-MHz homogeneous linewidth in epitaxial Y 2 O 3 : Eu 3+ thin film on silicon
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Thin films provide nanoscale confinement together with compatibility with photonic and microwave architectures, making them ideal candidates for chip-scale quantum devices. In this work, we propose a thin film fabrication approach yielding the epitaxial growth of Eu 3+ doped Y 2 O 3 on silicon. We combine two of the most prominent thin film deposition techniques: chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). We report sub-megahertz optical homogeneous linewidths up to 8 K for the Eu 3+ dopants in the film, and lowest value of 270 kHz. This result constitutes a ten-fold improvement with respect to previous reports on the same material, opening promising perspectives for the development of scalable and compact quantum devices containing rare-earth ions
Doppler-free selective reflection spectroscopy of electric-quadrupole transitions
No full textInternational audienceElectric-dipole-forbidden transitions play an important role in quantum sensing, quantum information, and fundamental tests in physics. As such, the development of novel and sensitive spectroscopic methods is of major interest. Here, we present a Doppler-free selective reflection experiment on the 6 2 S 1/2 –5 2 D 5/2 electric-quadrupole transition of cesium vapor at the vicinity of a sapphire window. The spectrum is obtained by precision experiments overcoming limitations due to the small-signal amplitude of forbidden transitions. The observed sub-Doppler lines allow us to measure the collisional broadening of the electric-quadrupole line. The interaction of cesium atoms with the sapphire surface of the cell is also evidenced, but, due to its weak contribution, a quantitative analysis remains challenging. Our experiment paves the way for further studies of the Casimir–Polder interaction between exotic excited-state atoms and dielectric surfaces
Intelligence évaluative et évaluation artificielle: réflexions sur la relation entre l'IA et l'évaluation
No full textInternational audienceIn this webinar, I presented the results of a reflection on the relationship between assessment in education and AI, following research work in the ADMEE scientific community.Dans ce webinaire, j'ai présenté les résultats d'une réflexion sur la relation entre l'évaluation en pédagogie et l'IA, à la suite de travaux de recherche dans la communauté scientifique de l'ADMEE
Rigor mortis. Sur l’université d’aujourd’hui, au milieu de trois crises
No full textInternational audienceThis essay is divided into two parts. The first part presents a diagnosis of the contemporary (neoliberal) university in the light of three interrelated crises: a categorical crisis, an institutional crisis and an informational crisis. The first of these crises refers to the collapse of Modernity itself and the categories that underpinned the sense of the University - such as the nation-state, the individual and reason - which are displaced by logics of economic efficiency and technocratic management. The second refers to the functioning of the institution itself, marked by the corporatisation of processes and the precarisation of its agents, within the framework of a general depoliticisation of the University. Finally, the third crisis centres on the effects of the current informational regime, which, due to saturation and speed, overwhelms traditional methods of transmission and production of knowledge, eroding the depth and legitimacy that has historically characterised the University. In the second part, the essay links these crises to the production of neoliberal-digital and proto-fascist subjectivities, highlighting the role that the University has played in this dangerous process of transition. Faced with this panorama, the need arises to repoliticise the university from a libertarian praxis that favours a transformation from the micropolitical: an educational dynamic that prioritises freedom of criticism, freedom of teaching, as well as freedom and autonomy in the exchange between teachers and students, breaking with the moulds of neoliberal bureaucracy. Originally published in English as part of a book chapter, the French and Spanish versions are available here.Este ensayo cuenta con dos partes. En la primera, se presenta un diagnóstico de la Universidad contemporánea (neoliberal), a la luz de tres crisis interrelacionadas: una crisis categorial, una crisis institucional y una crisis informacional. La primera de estas crisis remite al desborde de la propia Modernidad y de las categorías que sustentaban el sentido de la Universidad –como el Estado-nación, el individuo y la razón–, que son desplazadas por lógicas de eficiencia económica y gestión tecnocrática. La segunda refiere al funcionamiento de la institución propiamente dicho, marcado por la corporativización de los procesos y por la precarización de sus agentes, en el marco de una despolitización general de la Universidad. Por último, la tercera crisis se centra en los efectos del actual régimen informacional, que por saturación y velocidad desborda los métodos tradicionales de transmisión y producción del conocimiento, erosionando la profundidad y la legitimidad que históricamente ha caracterizado a la Universidad. En la segunda parte, el ensayo vincula estas crisis con el auge de subjetividades neoliberal-digitales y protofascistas, evidenciando el rol que la Universidad ha jugado en esta peligrosa transición. Frente a este panorama, se plantea la necesidad de repolitizar la universidad desde una praxis libertaria que propicie una transformación desde lo micropolítico: una enseñanza que priorice la libertad de crítica, la liberta de cátedra, así como la libertad y la autonomía en el intercambio entre docentes y estudiantes, rompiendo con los moldes de la burocracia neoliberal. Publicado originalmente en inglés como parte de un capítulo de libro, aquí se están disponibles las versiones en francés y español.Cet essai comporte deux parties. Dans la première, on présente un diagnostic de l'université contemporaine (néolibérale), à la lumière de trois crises interdépendantes : une crise catégorielle, une crise institutionnelle et une crise informationnelle. La première de ces crises renvoie au débordement de la modernité elle-même et des catégories qui sous-tendaient le sens de l'université - telles que l'État-nation, l'individu et la raison - qui sont déplacées par des logiques d'efficacité économique et de gestion technocratique. La deuxième concerne le fonctionnement de l'institution proprement dite, marqué par la corporatisation des processus et la précarisation de ses agents, dans le cadre d'une dépolitisation générale de l'université. Enfin, la troisième crise se concentre sur les effets du régime informationnel actuel, qui, par saturation et vitesse, dépasse les méthodes traditionnelles de transmission et de production de connaissances, érodant la profondeur et la légitimité qui ont historiquement caractérisé l'université. Dans la deuxième partie, l'essai relie ces crises à l'essor des subjectivités néolibérales-numériques et protofascistes, mettant en évidence le rôle que l'université a joué dans cette dangereuse transition. Face à ce panorama, il est nécessaire de repolitiser l'université à partir d'une pratique libertaire qui favorise une transformation à partir de la micropolitique : un enseignement qui privilégie la liberté de critique, la liberté de la chaire, ainsi que la liberté et l'autonomie dans les échanges entre enseignants et étudiants, en rompant avec les modèles de la bureaucratie néolibérale. Publié à l'origine en anglais comme chapitre de un livre, les versions en français et en espagnol sont disponibles ici
Metrics for prosthetic cervical margin integrity assessment after dental CAD/CAM milling: a critical analysis from engineering viewpoint
No full textInternational audienceDental prostheses have significantly evolved due to advances in Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology. CAD/CAM systems provide a variety of biomaterials like ceramics, Polymer-Infiltrated Ceramic Network (PICN), and composites, which are preferred for their mechanical and aesthetic properties. However, ceramics, despite their popularity, are brittle and prone to chipping during the machining process, impacting the prosthesis’s clinical functions, aesthetics, biological integrity, and mechanical performance. Chipping, especially at thin cervical margin, can cause visible defects, poor sealing, and bacterial growth, reducing prosthesis lifespan. Milling factors influence cervical margin integrity. Chipping assessment involves understanding biomaterial mechanical and machinability characteristics regarding dimensional characterization of milled prosthesis shape. Thus, different type of metrics, based on biomaterial properties or dimensional measurement can be used to assess chipping phenomenon for milled dental ceramics. These metrics are both, based on experimental studies found in literature, and proposed by this paper authors to fill the existing lacks. The brittleness index, based on the ratio between hardness and fracture toughness, predicts susceptibility to chipping after milling. Unidirectional dimensional metrics like the Chipping Factor and weighted Chipping Factor characterize the chipping ratio of the cervical margin. Advanced 2D and 3D metrics, including chip projected area, total weighted chip projected area, and Surface Aspect Ratio, offer more detailed assessments. 3D analysis involves comparing scanned files with CAD models to compute chipped volumes. The aim of this paper is to propose a critical analysis from an engineering viewpoint on metrics used to assess cervical margin integrity for milled dental prosthesis
Association between osteoporosis and periodontitis
No full textInternational audienceBoth osteoporosis and periodontitis are characterized by bone resorption. Osteoporosis is defined as a generalized disease of the skeleton affecting bone microarchitecture and density and conferring a predisposition to fractures, including fractures of the upper end of the femur. Periodontitis is characterized by gingival inflammation and destruction of the alveolar bone, potentially leading to tooth mobility and loss. Both these diseases are common health concerns associated with a considerable economic and societal burden worldwide. The prevention of these two diseases is therefore a real public health issue. The close association between osteoporosis and periodontitis should lead dental surgeons to refer patients with severe periodontitis to a rheumatologist for an assessment of bone density. Conversely, patients with osteoporosis should undergo regular oral check-ups to prevent tooth loss and maintain good oral health.</div
Le temps de travail du salarié en droit international et en droit français
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À qui appartient l’éthique ? Quels impacts sur la recherche en sciences sociales de la santé ?
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Management of severe acute encephalopathy in the ICU: an expert consensus statement from the french society of intensive care medicine
No full textInternational audienceIntroductionAcute encephalopathy in the ICU poses significant diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic challenges. Standardized expert guidelines on acute encephalopathy are needed to improve diagnostic methods, therapeutic decisions, and prognostication.MethodsThe experts conducted a review of the literature, analysed it according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) methodology and made proposals for guidelines, which were rated by other experts. Only expert opinions with strong agreement were selected.ResultsThe synthesis of expert work and the application of the GRADE method resulted in 39 recommendations. Among the 39 formalized recommendations, 1 had a high level of evidence (GRADE 1 +) and 10 had a low level of evidence (GRADE 2 + or 2-). These recommendations describe indication for ICU admission, use of clinical scores and EEG for diagnosis, detection of complications, and prognostication. The remaining 28 recommendations were based on expert consensus. These recomandations describe common indications for blood and CSF studies, neuroimaging, use of neuromonitoring, and provide guidelines for management in the acute phase.ConclusionThis expert consensus statement aims to provide a structured framework to enhance the consistency and quality of care for ICU patients presenting with acute encephalopathy. By integrating high-quality evidence with expert opinion, it offers a pragmatic approach to addressing the complex nature of acute encephalopathy in the ICU, promoting best practices in patient care and facilitating future research in the field