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Patching development : information technology adjustments in the Mauritian logistical sector
No full textClinical standards for antimicrobial stewardship in TB care
No full textInternational audienceBackground: While antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is essential for combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR), TB-specific AMS strategies remain poorly defined.Methods: An international panel of 62 experts participated in a Delphi process. Using a 5-point Likert scale (5 = strong agreement; 1 = strong disagreement), participants evaluated 10 draft clinical standards developed by a core coordination team. A standard was adopted if ≥90% of respondents rated it three or higher, according to a predefined consensus threshold.Results: All 10 standards reached the consensus threshold and were adopted: Standard 1, integration of TB into national AMR action plans; Standard 2, implementation of TB surveillance systems; Standard 3, education of health care providers, individuals affected by TB, and the public; Standard 4, integration of TB into AMS activities; Standard 5, establishment of expert consultation services; Standard 6, targeted testing and preventive treatment for individuals at risk for TB; Standard 7, access to timely and comprehensive drug susceptibility testing; Standard 8, prioritisation of efficacy, safety, and resistance prevention in TB treatment regimens; Standard 9, clinical and microbiological monitoring of treatment response; and Standard 10, assessment of adherence, drug exposure, and resistance in treatment failure.Conclusion: These clinical standards aim to support clinicians, programme managers, and public health authorities in implementing effective, TB-specific AMS strategies
Change of regularity in controllability and observability of systems of wave equations
No full textInternational audienceSolutions of a system of wave equations are constructed for both homogeneous and inhomogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions at every regularity level. We prove that boundary observability, and thus boundary exact controllability, at some regularity level is equivalent to boundary observability at all levels. The main ingredient is the ellipticity of a time-derivative on the Neumann trace of the solution, which is proved by microlocal techniques
Se nommer en mouvement. Changement et choix de nom dans la migration des Afghans
No full textInternational audienc
Vies sociales et politiques des rebuts: Mondes de la récupération, injustices environnementales et mobilisations citoyennes
No full textInternational audienceCe texte introduit, présente et met en perspective les contributions de la 37ème livraison des Cahiers d’EMAM, consacrée aux rebuts dans l’espace méditerranéen. Ce numéro paraît à l’heure où la thématique connaît un net dynamisme académique, issu notamment de travaux de doctorant·es et jeunes chercheur·euses qui en renouvellent les entrées, approches et contextes d’analyses. Cette introduction appelle à considérer les rebuts comme des objets sociaux et politiques, permettant de renouveler l’étude des pratiques socio-économiques et inégalités urbaines et environnementales en Méditerranée. En s’appuyant sur les enquêtes de terrain menées dans plusieurs contextes urbains par les auteur·es du numéro, nous mettons en lumière le fait que les mondes de la récupération constituent des économies populaires structurées, dotées de savoir-faire, de normes et de formes de politisation spécifiques. Nous montrons, en outre, les tensions produites par les politiques publiques de gestion et de valorisation des déchets, qui tendent à invisibiliser, voire à marginaliser, certains acteurs. Enfin, ce texte esquisse un cadre analytique pour penser les rebuts comme poste d’observation privilégié des rapports de pouvoir, des modes de gouvernance urbaine et des mobilisations citoyennes contemporaines
Unveiling the Impact of Porphyromonas gingivalis ‐Associated Periodontitis on Stroke Outcome in Mice
No full textInternational audienceBackground Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition with infectious origin that affects the tissues supporting the teeth. Increasing epidemiological evidence suggests that periodontitis is a risk factor for ischemic stroke with associated adverse outcomes. However, the underlying mechanism of this association remains incompletely elucidated. Methods We used a C57BL/6J mice model of ischemic stroke induced by transitory occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in the presence or absence of ligature‐induced periodontitis using Porphyromonas gingivalis ‐soaked ligatures. Stroke severity was evaluated through infarct volume, sensorimotor deficit, blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity, and markers of systemic and brain inflammation. The direct effect of P gingivalis on BBB endothelial cells was further explored in vitro. Results Mice with P gingivalis ‐associated periodontitis showed a significant exacerbation of stroke severity: larger infarct volume, more severe sensorimotor deficit, greater BBB disruption, and increased brain neutrophil infiltration compared with sham. Systemic inflammation was also markedly elevated. Intravenous administration of P gingivalis alone, without gingival injury, before transitory occlusion of the middle cerebral artery was sufficient to amplify brain inflammation and stroke lesions. In vitro P gingivalis, through its gingipain proteases, directly impaired BBB integrity by increasing endothelial permeability and disrupting tight‐junction proteins. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that P gingivalis ‐associated periodontitis worsens ischemic stroke outcome both indirectly by enhancing systemic and brain inflammation and directly via BBB disruption. These results highlight periodontitis as a modifiable risk factor and potential therapeutic target for improving stroke prognosis
Goodness-of-fit testing for the stationary density of a size-structured PDE
No full textWe consider two division models for structured cell populations, where cells can grow, age and divide. These models have been introduced in the literature under the denomination of 'mitosis' and 'adder' models. In the recent years, there has been an increasing interest in biology to understand whether the cells divide equally or not, as this can be related to important mechanisms in cellular aging or recovery. We are therefore interested in testing the null hypothesis where the division of a mother cell results into two daughters of equal size, against the alternative hypothesis where the division is asymmetric and ruled by a kernel that is absolutely continuous with respect to the Lebesgue measure. The sample consists of i.i.d. observations of cell sizes and ages drawn from the population, and the division is not directly observed. The hypotheses of the test are reformulated as hypotheses on the stationary size and age distributions of the models, which we assume are also the distributions of the observations. We propose a goodness-of-fit test that we study numerically on simulated data before applying it on real data
Éléments de réponse à la problématique ontologique dansles sciences sociales
No full textLa philosophie des sciences sociales, d'ailleurs comme toute philosophie des sciences, se subdivise tout naturellement en deux parties : la métaphysique proprement dite ou ontologie et la critique de la connaissance. Dans la première, sont abordés les différents problèmes métaphysiques tels que la nature de la matière et de la vie et la nature de l'esprit. Dans la seconde, sont examinés les problèmes de la valeur de la connaissance produite, les critères qui permettent sa validation (Thiétart, 1999, (2003)) et la notion de vérité qui s'y trouve liée. Comprendre la première partie est une condition sine qua non de l'appréhension de la deuxième partie. Elle permettra d'élucider la grande confusion autour du sens des deux paradigmes positiviste et constructiviste dans beaucoup de recherches doctorales en Sciences de Gestion. Nous essayerons donc dans ce papier, par des explications ontologiques, de contourner les idéologies qui se cristallisent dans des oppositions, parfois trop caricaturales, afin de se rattacher à un de ces deux paradigmes
Rational Capability in Concurrent Games
No full textInternational audienceWe extend concurrent game structures (CGSs) with a simple notion of preference over computations and define a minimal notion of rationality for agents based on the concept of dominance. We use this notion to interpret a CL and an ATL languages that extend the basic CL and ATL languages with modalities for rational capability, namely, a coalition's capability to rationally enforce a given property. For each of these languages, we provide results about the complexity of satisfiability checking and model checking as well as about axiomatization