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Analyse réflexive d'une stratégie de changement vers l'APC : le cas d'un BUT TC
No full textCommunication dans le cadre su séminaire de recherche du laboratoire LIRSAInternational audienceThe reform of the University Bachelor of Technology ("BUT") was implemented in France in 2021. It introduces the competency-based approach (CBA) as a pedagogical framework for education and involves profound conceptual, pedagogical engineering and organisational changes. Implementing CBA raises challenges for teaching teams. An "Institut Universitaire de Technologie" (IUT) in the Paris region decided to provide support for its team in implementing the CBA and the portfolio approach. The aim of this study is to characterise the support received by the team and the strategy for change towards APC. This support was provided by a teacher from inside the faculty, supported by a researcher specialising in pedagogy in university. The aim is to report on the team's teaching out, on the stages in the co-construction of actions for the change to APC, on the content of the actions and the adjustments made using a reflective study/analysis.The strategy for change is based on the posture of the individual "tercéisateur" and the execution of reflective activities by the team, i.e. production activities linked to meta-cognitive sessions that allow questions to be asked about their own teaching habit. The study occurred from September 2022 to December 2023. The results describe the initiation of a change in pedagogical engineering and assess the impact of this change in the organisational aspects of planning and coordination in the team.BUT) • Nouveau cadre pédagogique de la formation basé sur l'Approche par compétences (APC) « Savoir-agir complexe prenant appui sur la mobilisation et la combinaison efficace d'une variété de ressources internes et externes, à l'intérieur d'une famille de situations » (Tardif, 2006) Enjeux de la réforme • La réforme introduit une terminologie nouvelle (Poumay et al., 2017) • Logique centrée sur l'apprentissage de l'étudiant ➔ changement conceptuel majeur • La mise en place de la réforme de l'APC est faite sur un temps court et entraîne des difficultés pour les équipes pédagogiques en lien avec les différents changements (Quesnay et al., 2022, Buyck, 2021, Messaoui & Pélissier, 2024)• Changements conceptuels • Changements de l'ingénierie pédagogique • Changements organisationnels• Pas de stratégie globale d'accompagnement des équipes vers l'APC pour sa mise en oeuvre• Mise en place d'un double accompagnement au Département « Techniques de commercialisation »• Une enseignante de l'équipe• Formée à la pédagogie universitaire et à l'approche par compétences• Mission : accompagner son équipe pour mener un changement ascendant• Un chercheur-accompagnateur• Chercheur en Sciences de l'Education• Mission : accompagner l'enseignant sur la construction de la stratégie à mettre en oeuvre et l'analyse de ses pratiques</div
Supervised machine learning including environmental factors to predict in-hospital outcomes in acute heart failure patients
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Aims While few traditional scores are available for risk stratification of patients hospitalized for acute heart failure (AHF), the potential benefit of machine learning (ML) is not well established. We aimed to assess the feasibility and accuracy of a supervised ML model including environmental factors to predict in-hospital major adverse events (MAEs) in patients hospitalized for AHF. Methods and results In April 2021, a French national prospective multicentre study included all consecutive patients hospitalized in intensive cardiac care unit. Patients admitted for AHF were included in the analyses. A ML model involving automated feature selection by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and model building with a random forest (RF) algorithm was developed. The primary composite outcome was in-hospital MAE defined by death, resuscitated cardiac arrest, or cardiogenic shock requiring assistance. Among 459 patients included (age 68 ± 14 years, 68% male), 47 experienced in-hospital MAE (10.2%). Seven variables were selected by LASSO for predicting MAE in the training data set (n = 322): mean arterial pressure, ischaemic aetiology, sub-aortic velocity time integral, E/e′, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, recreational drug use, and exhaled carbon monoxide level. The RF model showed the best performance compared with other evaluated models [area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) = 0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.78–0.86); precision-recall area under the curve = 0.48, 95% CI (0.42–0.5), F1 score = 0.56). Our ML model exhibited a higher AUROC compared with an existing score for the prediction of MAE (AUROC for our ML model: 0.82 vs. ACUTE HF score: 0.57; P < 0.001). Conclusion Our ML model including in particular environmental variables exhibited a better performance than traditional statistical methods to predict in-hospital outcomes in patients admitted for AHF. Study registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05063097
Comprendre les stratégies d’approvisionnement alimentaire des habitants d’un quartier en politique de la ville. Une enquête qualitative conduite Porte de la Chapelle à Paris
No full textInternational audienceWhere do you shop for food when you live in a disadvantaged neighborhood? Few studies analyze where people purchase their foods and factors, which may influence food store choice. This study explores the food purchasing behaviors and strategies of residents living in Porte de la Chapelle (Paris, France), neighborhood with high proportion of deprived population. The aim is to characterize food purchase places of inhabitant to better understand food purchase location choices based on food stores mapping and 25 interviews. The results confirm that food price is a major determinant, leading all respondents to purchase outside their residential neighborhood as foods in food outlets of the neighborhood are too expensive for their budgets (price). But the other dimensions of accessibility are also present in interviews. Participants declare the lack of food outlets in the neighborhood (spatial dimension), not enough diversified (availability) or unsuited to their eating habits (cultural acceptability, for example). Behaviors and representations vary according to individual characteristics, and according to the area of live. Our results therefore show that a policy of food retail diversification should be developed jointly with inhabitants at local level.Où fait-on ses courses alimentaires quand on habite un quartier en politique de la ville ? Rares sont les recherches sur les lieux d’approvisionnement fréquentés et les raisons de ces choix. Cette étude explore les stratégies d’approvisionnement des habitants du quartier Porte de la Chapelle à Paris, marqué par une forte précarité. Elle vise à caractériser les espaces que les habitants fréquentent et parcourent pour s’approvisionner, et à mieux comprendre leurs choix de lieux de courses alimentaires à partir d’une cartographie de l’offre alimentaire et de 25 entretiens. Les résultats confirment que le prix est un déterminant majeur, qui amène les enquêtés à s’approvisionner à l’extérieur du quartier de résidence car les produits disponibles dans les commerces du quartier sont trop chers. Les autres dimensions de l’accessibilité sont également présentes dans les discours. Les participants regrettent le manque de commerces dans le quartier, pas assez diversifiés ou inadaptés à leurs pratiques alimentaires. Les pratiques et les représentations varient en fonction des individus et des secteurs du quartier. Nos résultats invitent donc à construire une politique de diversification des commerces alimentaires avec les habitants des différents secteurs du quartier
Radial blow-up standing solutions for the semilinear wave equation
No full text24 pagesInternational audienceWe consider the semilinear wave equation with a power nonlinearity in the radial case. Given r_0>0, we construct a blow-up solution such that the solution near converges exponentially to a soliton. Moreover, we show that is a non-characteristic point. For that, we translate the question in self-similar variables and use a modulation technique. We will also use energy estimates from the one dimensional case treated by Merle and Zaag. Of course because of the radial setting, we have an additional gradient term which is delicate to handle. That's precisely the purpose of our paper
Investigating the thermal decomposition of BP into B12P2: experimental insights and kinetic modelling at high temperatures
No full textInternational audienceThis study investigates the thermal decomposition of BP into B12P2, with a particular focus on the heterogeneous solid-gas mechanism involving BP powders synthesized via self-propagating high temperature reactions. Various techniques, including XRD, TGA, SEM, TEM, EELS and SAED, were combined to examine morphological and structural changes at different temperatures. The results reveal an ignition temperature for decomposition at 1120 °C, beyond which BP grains undergo fragmentation into smaller particles, accompanied by the release of phosphorous gases (P2(g), P4(g)). Additionally, Rietveld refinements on thermally treated powders facilitated the determination of advancement rate values of the decomposition reaction under different isothermal conditions. Based on these kinetic data obtained at 1300 °C, a one-process nucleation-growth model with instantaneous nucleation and anisotropic growth has be established. In particular, the law, which describes the process for a spherical grain with inward development and a reaction occurring at the internal interface as the step determining the rate, displayed a strong correlation coefficient, offering novel insights into the kinetic evolution of the BP to B12P2 conversion. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of the thermal decomposition process and its underlying elementary mechanisms
Enhancing biomechanical simulations based on a posteriori error estimates: the potential of Dual Weighted Residual-driven adaptive mesh refinement
No full textInternational audienceThe Finite Element Method (FEM) is a well-established procedure for computing approximate solutions to deterministic engineering problems described by partial differential equations. FEM produces discrete approximations of the solution with a discretisation error that can be an be quantified with a posteriori error estimates. The practical relevance of error estimates for biomechanics problems, especially for soft tissue where the response is governed by large strains, is rarely addressed. In this contribution, we propose an implementation of a posteriori error estimates targeting a user-defined quantity of interest, using the Dual Weighted Residual (DWR) technique tailored to biomechanics. The proposed method considers a general setting that encompasses three-dimensional geometries and model non-linearities, which appear in hyperelastic soft tissues. We take advantage of the automatic differentiation capabilities embedded in modern finite element software, which allows the error estimates to be computed generically for a large class of models and constitutive laws. First we validate our methodology using experimental measurements from silicone samples, and then illustrate its applicability for patient-specific computations of pressure ulcers on a human heel
Inositol-Requiring Enzyme 1 pathway and autophagy drive sequential response of endothelial cells to febrile range hyperthermia
No full textInternational audienceContext Fever is an evolutionarily conserved and adaptive response during infections. However, prolonged fever has numerous systemic metabolic and functional side effects. In the heart, prolonged fever associated with infection is linked to fatal adverse effects, particularly involving impaired coronary circulation. Yet, the direct relationship between elevated temperature and coronary microcirculation dysfunction, remains to be fully demonstrated. In this study, we aimed to explore the specific responses of human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) to fever-range hyperthermia. Method HCAECs were cultured at either 37°C or 40°C for up to 24 hours. Transcriptomic and proteomic profiles were obtained through microarray and mass spectrometry after 6, 12, and 24 hours of exposure. Key signaling pathways, upstream regulators, and candidate mechanisms were identified and validated at the mRNA and protein levels using mechanistic approaches. Results Prolonged hyperthermia compromised HCAEC function, evidenced by cell detachment, loss of junctions, and increased permeability. HCAECs rapidly activated the unfolded protein response (UPR), including IRE1α activation and XBP1 splicing. Additionally, autophagic flux was significantly elevated, participating in the degradation of junction proteins. Pharmacological inhibition of IRE1α reduced the autophagic burden, protected against cell detachment, and preserved junction integrity over time. Conclusion Our findings reveal that in response to fever-range hyperthermia, the IRE1α-autophagy axis regulates the survival and function of coronary endothelial cells. This mechanism could play a key role in modulating endothelial responses during infection and contribute to the pathological outcomes of fever. Furthermore, it may be relevant in local inflammatory conditions with elevated temperatures
Facteurs socio-économiques du recours à l’aide informelle chez les personnes âgées dépendantes en France : une analyse à partir de l’enquête SHARE
No full textThe aging of the French population raises major challenges regarding functional limitations and access to long-term care support. This study uses data from the SHARE survey to analyze the socioeconomic determinants of informal care use among older adults with functional impairments. Based on a sample of 13,129 individuals aged 60 and over, two logistic models were estimated to assess the influence of economic resources, educational attainment, household composition, and quality of life on two aspects of dependency: reliance on a relative and the ADLA index. Results indicate a significant correlation between economic hardship and functional dependency. Individuals with lower incomes are not only more likely to rely on informal care but are also more exposed to functional limitations. A robustness check using 2021 VQS data confirms these findings. The study concludes that dependency reflects a broader social inequality and calls for a reform of APA funding focused on individual needs, irrespective of local financial capacities. These findings highlight the urgent need for public policies aimed at preventing functional decline and reducing territorial disparities in aging conditions.Le vieillissement de la population française soulève d’importants enjeux en matière de dépendance et d’accès aux aides à l’autonomie. Cette étude mobilise les données de l’enquête SHARE pour analyser les déterminants socio-économiques du recours à l’aide informelle chez les personnes âgées dépendantes. À partir d’un échantillon de 13 129 personnes âgées de 60 ans et plus, deux modèles logit ont été estimés afin d’analyser l’impact des ressources économiques, du niveau d’instruction, de la composition du foyer et de la qualité de vie sur deux dimensions de la dépendance : le recours à un proche et l’indice ADLA. Les résultats révèlent une corrélation significative entre la précarité et la dépendance. En d’autres termes, les personnes disposant de revenus plus faibles sont non seulement plus susceptibles de solliciter une aide informelle, mais aussi davantage exposées à des limitations fonctionnelles. Une analyse de robustesse sur les données VQS 2021 corrobore ces résultats. L’étude suggère que la dépendance constitue une inégalité sociale à part entière et plaide pour une réforme du financement de l’APA centrée sur les besoins individuels, indépendamment des capacités financières locales. Ces résultats soulignent la nécessité d’une politique publique de prévention et d’égalisation des conditions de vieillissement sur l’ensemble du territoire
Asie en care / Asia in care
No full textLe care revient en force face aux défis que posent nos modes de vie autant que l'actualité. A travers des études de cas en Asie et en diaspora, cet ouvrage explore les formes qu'il revêt en relation avec la santé, le vieillissement, le handicap mais aussi l'art, la religion, le droitet la politique. L'approche par le care renouvelle notre façon d'appréhender de multiples aspects de nos sociétés, de la gestion des ressources humaines aux relations internationales, en passant par les relations avec les animaux et avec nos proches. Cette contribution venant des études asiatiques témoigne du caractère heuristique d'une notion riche de potentialités