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Long‐term risk and predictors of high‐risk human papillomavirus persistence after thermal ablation amongst women living with HIV in West Africa
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Introduction Mounting evidence supports the use of thermal ablation in women positively screened with high‐risk Human Papillomaviruses ( hrHPV ) but limited data are available on the long‐term post‐treatment outcomes in women living with HIV ( WLHIV ). We aimed to estimate the persistence of hrHPV infection amongst WLHIV ≥24 months post treatment in West Africa. Methods From October 2019 to October 2024, a cohort study was conducted amongst WLHIV in two HIV clinics in Burkina Faso and Cote d'Ivoire. All WLHIV with a positive hrHPV test who received thermal ablation were followed up ≥24 months. During follow‐up visits, DNA HPV testing, visual inspection and biopsy were systematically performed. Factors associated with ≥24 months hrHPV positivity were assessed through a logistic regression model. Results A total of 200 WLHIV , aged 42 years [Interquartile range ( IQR ): 38–45], with a nadir CD4 of 365 [ IQR : 168–616] cell/mm 3 received thermal ablation and were followed for a median time of 42 [ IQR : 29–48] months. A positive hrHPV was detected in 40.5% of women ≥24 months post treatment. WLHIV who had a nadir CD4 count ≤200 cell/mm 3 ( aOR = 3.06 [95% CI : 1.23–7.59]) or had no or a primary school level ( aOR = 2.25 [95% CI : 1.13–4.49]) were more likely to present at ≥24 months with hrHPV infection. Conclusion Post‐therapeutic hrHPV infection remains high beyond 2 years in WLHIV stressing the need for long‐term follow‐up, especially when diagnosed with advanced HIV disease. Future implementation research should focus on the contribution of additional tools to better track those in need of additional treatment
Identifying women with poor experience of post-abortion care: a cross-sectional study in two African hospitals in humanitarian settings
No full textInternational audienceBackgroundHigh quality post-abortion care (PAC) is essential to reducing abortion-related morbidity and mortality. However, the experience of receiving PAC, a key component of care quality, remains understudied in humanitarian settings. We assessed the experience of PAC in two hospitals supported by an international organization in Jigawa State (Nigeria) and Bangui (Central African Republic, CAR) and identified characteristics associated with poor experience of PAC.MethodsWe analyzed data from two components of a multi-methods cross-sectional study: a prospective medical records review and a survey of women hospitalized for abortion complications in the Nigerian (n = 360) and CAR (n = 362) hospitals. We measured women’s experience of PAC with two questions related to communication with health providers (explanations received and ability to ask questions) and five questions related to respect and preservation of dignity (privacy, waiting times, health provider’s kindness, painkillers provision and overall care assessment). Association between women’s characteristics and the two communication outcomes were investigated using multivariate logistic regressions. A latent variable was constructed using the five respect and dignity questions and its association with women’s characteristics was assessed using multivariate linear regression.ResultsNearly 51% in Nigeria hospital and 41% in CAR hospital reported receiving no explanation of their care, and over 80% in both hospitals said they felt unable to ask questions during examination and treatment. Less than 20% of women in Nigeria reported a lack of respect and preservation of their dignity. In CAR, almost 63% of women said that their privacy was not always respected during the physical examination and 38% said waiting times were long or very long before seeing a health provider. We found associations between low education level and poor experience of communication in both settings. Being adolescent was associated with one poor communication outcome in CAR and poor experience of respect and preservation of dignity in Nigeria.ConclusionA non-negligible proportion of PAC patients faced poor communication and mixed experiences of respect, with poorer experiences in women with low education and adolescents. Socio-demographic inequalities in PAC experiences must not be overlooked in humanitarian settings, and further research is critical to identify and support the most vulnerable women
Non-linear relationships between lifetime unemployment exposure, major health outcomes and all-cause mortality: a retrospective and prospective study in a large population-based French cohort
No full textInternational audienceBackgroundLifetime unemployment exposure increases in a cumulative way the risk of chronic diseases and premature death but the linearity of these relationships is still unclear.MethodsThe analyses were performed using individual data from 114,307 participants aged 18 to 75 years who were followed for 7 years after inclusion in the large population-based French cohort CONSTANCES. Unemployment exposure was measured as the total number of unemployed quarters accumulated during the lifetime and categorized into quartiles (low, average, high, very high exposure) along with the group of participants who were never exposed to unemployment. The associations of lifetime unemployment exposure with cardiovascular disease, cancer and all-cause mortality rates during follow-up were assessed by using logistic regression models adjusted for major confounding factors. Adjusted logistic regression models were also used to examine the associations between lifetime unemployment exposure and the prevalence of bad working conditions at inclusion.ResultsThe associations of lifetime unemployment exposure with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality rates appear to be J-shaped with lower rates observed in participants with a low unemployment exposure compared to those never exposed (odds ratios (95% CI) of 0.78 (0.63–0.96) and 0.81 (0.60–0.97) respectively). In contrast, an increase in cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality rates is observed in participants with a high (1.40 (1.17–1.67) and 1.50 (1.18–1.89) respectively) and even more a very high unemployment exposure (1.64 (1.42–1.89) and 2.09 (1.74–2.50) respectively). These J-shaped associations are no longer significant when adjusted for working conditions at inclusion. The prevalence of bad working conditions at inclusion is also reduced in participants with a low unemployment exposure compared to those never exposed (0.83 (0.79–0.86)) while it is increased in participants with a high (1.61 (1.55–1.68)) and even more a very high unemployment exposure (2.12 (2.04–2.21)).ConclusionsThe non-linear relationships of lifetime unemployment exposure with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality rates may be related to the health benefits of having the occasional opportunity to leave jobs with bad working conditions over the life course
Effects of maternal low sucrose intake on offspring behavioral and neurochemical trajectories in mice
No full textInternational audienceMaternal consumption of a sugar-rich diet during gestation may affect offspring neurodevelopment through cognitive impairments (memory, recognition), behavioral alterations (anxiety-like behavior, increased swimming activity), and even epigenetic reprogramming of the brain. However, most available studies use high sugar doses, making it difficult to disentangle the specific effect of sugar from that of other dietary components (fat content, nutrient deficiencies) or metabolic conditions (gestational diabetes, maternal obesity). We developed a mouse model in which pregnant females received access to a 1% sucrose drinking bottle (or control water) for 3 hours per day during the last third of gestation. Our data show that the maternal context:-affects water intake, with sucrose-supplemented dams consuming more solution than controls;-does not alter gestational or postnatal parameters (body weight, sex ratio, gestation length, litter size), nor biochemical or blood measures (glucose and insulin) in dams or offspring.However, a sucrose preference test performed at weaning revealed a significant correlation between maternal sucrose consumption and offspring preference for a 1% sucrose solution, despite no group effect due to large individual variations. Moreover, neurochemical analyses in the offspring brain showed altered levels of dopamine, serotonin, and adrenaline in several brain regions.Thus, even moderate maternal sugar intake during late gestation can durably influence offspring behavior and neurochemistry. Further investigations into epigenetic mechanisms are warranted to elucidate the processes underlying this long-term memory effect
La géopolitique en revues: Table ronde - échange entre les revues Hérodote, Echogéo, l'Espace Politique
No full textInternational audienceDepuis la deuxième moitié des années 1970 et la création de la revue Hérodote, la dimension politique n’a cessé de gagner en importance dans les revues de géographie. Au fil du temps, les approches se sont diversifiées, donnant naissance a de nouvelles publications, a des méthodologies variées et a des perspectives originales. Dialogue entre trois revues incontournables de la géopolitique et de la géographie politique en France : Hérodote, L’Espace politique et Echogéo
Beyond Accuracy: Investigating Vision Model Perception on 19th-Century Decorative Arts
No full textInternational audienceThis paper examines how pretrained vision models perceive and organize a corpus of 19th-century decorative artefacts and printed materials. Using a zero-shot approach, we combine feature extraction, dimensionality reduction, and clustering to explore how convolutional and transformer architectures respond to historical visual material. Two complementary experiments are presented: the first analyzes corpus-level organization through unsupervised clustering of VGG16 embeddings; the second investigates similarity retrieval from individual queries to compare model interpretability (VGG16, EfficientNet, ViT, DINOv2, and CLIP). By visualizing and aggregating activation maps, we discuss biases in how models attend to shape, ornament, and layout, often emphasizing background contrast or framing over meaningful decorative structure. Rather than measuring accuracy, this study focuses on interpretability and bias, highlighting the challenges of adapting art-historical imagery to contemporary vision pipelines
Public debt and financial stability, a matter of sustainability?: The case of the 2022 pension funds crisis in the UK
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Escaping stigma and participating in the enchanted world of “modernity”. The links between changes in the educational aspirations of rural youth in Jaunpur Block and the tourist urbanisation of Mussoorie
No full textEditors: Rémi de Bercegol, Nicolas Bautès, Balasubramanian Dhandapani, Anthony Goreau-Ponceaud, Ratoola Kundu & Diya MehraInternational audienc
