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Générer du soutien grâce au numérique : la publication de fanfictions comme activité de mieux-être
No full textInternational audienceThis article explores the ways in which the act of publishing fan fiction, created by fans and published online, contributes to socialisation and the creation of support dynamics. In particular, it shows the joint role of the community context and digital tools in exploring and redefining shared identities. The article focuses on relationships and is based on 71 interviews with French-speaking authors who ps ublish on fanfiction.net. It examines how these intimate writings, mostly elaborated by women, require a distancing of the self that fosters the creation of narratives that enable them and their readers to move towards improved well-being. It also shows that this distancing is based on the construction of supportive relational networks that enable the interviewees to cope more easily with the social situations and expectations.Cet article aborde la façon dont l’acte de publication de fanfictions, ces fictions créées par les fans et publiées en ligne, contribue à la socialisation des individus et peut faire émerger des dynamiques de soutien. Il montre notamment le rôle conjoint du contexte communautaire et des outils numériques dans l’exploration et la redéfinition de dynamiques identitaires partagées. L’article s’intéresse plus particulièrement aux relations et prend appui sur 71 entretiens réalisés avec des auteurs et autrices francophones utilisant le site fanfiction.net. Il examine comment ces écrits intimistes, souvent féminins, nécessitent d’opérer une distanciation de soi qui favorise la création de récits leur permettant, ainsi qu’à leur lectorat, de cheminer vers un mieux-être. Il montre également que cette distanciation repose sur la construction de réseaux relationnels soutenants, qui permettent aux personnes enquêtées d’appréhender avec plus d’aisance les situations et attentes sociales auxquelles elles doivent faire face
Single exposure to scopolamine highlighted by hair analysis following a drug-facilitated crime in a tourist in Indonesia
No full textInternational audienceDocumented cases of Datura use as an incapacitating agent remain rare due to the short plasma half-life of the tropane alkaloids. Hair analysis can offer a wide detection window of several months and is an effective way of documenting drug-facilitated robbery, even in the case of a single exposure.A 32-year-old man with no medical history was hospitalized after an incident in Indonesia, where he was staying as a tourist. He reported consuming an alcoholic beverage at a bar. He woke up lying on the beach, hours later, with amnesia of the events that had transpired since. He reported agitation and bilateral visual disturbances and an inability to accommodate. He noted the theft of his personal belongings. The patient underwent a clinical examination, biological tests and a head computed tomography scan at the local hospital. The hypothesis of acute methanol intoxication was raised by the physicians, given the context of alcohol consumption and the prevalence of methanol poisoning in Indonesia.1 On arrival in France, four days after the incident, the patient presented no symptoms. Vital parameters were normal, and the clinical examination was unremarkable. Fundus examination was normal. There was no metabolic acidosis. Methanol was analysed in plasma using gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) but was not detected. There was no evidence of methanol poisoning
Hundred years of corporate planning. From industrial capitalism to intellectual monopoly capitalism through the lenses of the Harvard Business Review (1922–2021)
No full textInternational audienceAbstract This article reopens the issue of corporate planning (CP) by exploring its evolving role in capitalism. We analyze the content of Harvard Business Review from its foundation in 1922 until 2021, using text mining and network analysis techniques. Our results show that CP remains at least as crucial in the age of intellectual monopoly capitalism as in the age of industrial capitalism dominated by the integrated modern corporation. Yet, we identify qualitative transformations in CP regarding its purpose, its means, the type of knowledge predominantly mobilized, and its temporality
Engineering of diamond growth for quantum applications
No full textInternational audienceThe development of applications in quantum sensing requires dedicated solid-state material platforms with unprecedented control over quality, purity and doping. Indeed, Quantum Technologies explore our ability to coherently control the peculiar properties of nanoscale quantum systems and harness their potential in a wide range of fields including health, communications, security and environment.Atomic-scale defects in solid-state materials are among the most promising candidates and several platforms are being considered such as donors in silicon, color centers in semiconductors, rare-earth ions in oxides, quantum dots etc. One of the inherent drawbacks of the extreme sensitivity of such spin systems to the field they are supposed to measure, is the necessity to carefully control their close crystalline environment in order to maximize coherence properties which pushes the fabrication technologies to their limits. In this presentation, we will review the main challenges in the synthesis of suitable “quantum-grade” diamond materials using color centers and more specifically NV centers. Issues related to the control of their density and the maximization of their coherence properties through precise engineering of the growth process will be discussed. (i) Atomic scale defects need to be introduced on demand within diamond. High amounts are usually preferred in most sensing schemes but limits exist in the ability to control growth at high doping levels as well as to avoid interaction between nearby spins. (ii) Nuclear spins within the matrix itself might cause decoherence and growth of isotopically enriched materials allows considerably extending T2 times. (iii) In a similar way, magnetic sensitivity of a sensor based on NV ensembles can be considerably increased by producing diamond with NV centers having preferential orientation which can be obtained by using diamond substrates with specific crystallographic orientation (iv) Controlling the spatial localization of color centers is crucial to the sensing device since their interaction strongly depends on the distance to the field that is to be sensed. (v) Controlling the shape and the size of the diamond platform remains also a very challenging point
Mental Health Care Utilization and Prescription Rates Among Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults in France
No full textInternational audienceImportance Amid escalating mental health challenges among young individuals, intensified by the COVID-19 pandemic, analyzing postpandemic trends is critical. Objective To examine mental health care utilization and prescription rates for children, adolescents, and young adults before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based time trend study used an interrupted time series analysis to examine mental health care and prescription patterns among the French population 25 years and younger. Aggregated data from the French national health insurance database from January 2016 to June 2023. Data were analyzed from September 2023 to February 2024. Main Outcomes and Measures The number of individuals with at least 1 outpatient psychiatric consultation, those admitted for full-time psychiatric hospitalization, those with a suicide attempt, and those receiving psychotropic medication was computed. Data were stratified by age groups and sex. Quasi-Poisson regression modeled deseasonalized data, estimating the relative risk (RR) and 95% CI for differences in slopes before and after the pandemic. Results This study included approximately 20 million individuals 25 years and younger (20 829 566 individuals in 2016 and 20 697 169 individuals in 2022). In 2016, the population consisted of 10 208 277 of 20 829 566 female participants (49.0%) and 6 091 959 (29.2%) aged 18 to 25 years. Proportions were similar in 2022. Significant increases in mental health care utilization were observed postpandemic compared with the prepandemic period, especially among females and young people aged 13 years and older. Outpatient psychiatric consultations increased among women (RR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.07-1.20), individuals aged 13 to 17 years (RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.06-1.23), and individuals aged 18 to 25 years (RR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.03-1.14). Hospitalizations for suicide attempt increased among women (RR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.02-1.27) and individuals aged 18 to 25 years (RR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.03-1.12). Regarding psychotropic medications, almost all classes, except hypnotics, increased in prescriptions between 2016 and 2022 for females, with a particularly marked rise in the postpandemic period. For men, only increases in the prescriptions of antidepressants (RR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.06), methylphenidate (RR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.06-1.12), and medications prescribed for alcohol use disorders (RR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.04-1.13) were observed, and these increases were less pronounced than for women (antidepressant: RR, 1.13, 95% CI, 1.09-1.16; methylphenidate: RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.13-1.18; alcohol use dependence: RR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.08-1.16). Medications reserved for severe mental health situations, such as lithium or clozapine, were prescribed more frequently starting at the age of 6 years. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, an interrupted time-series analysis found a marked deterioration in the mental health of young women in France in the after the COVID-19 pandemic, accentuating a trend of deterioration that was already observed in the prepandemic period
The Excess Mortality Among Twins in the Dominican Republic and Haiti Through the Components of Age Under Five: A Comparative Study of Trends and Associated Factors
No full textInternational audienceDespite the decline in mortality rates among children in developing countries, disparities persist between countries, particularly between twins and singletons. This study employed data from nine Demographic and Health Surveys in the Dominican Republic and Haiti to estimate and compare mortality rates for twins and singletons in categories of the under-5 age group (neonatal, postneonatal, and child mortality) and examine the factors associated with excess mortality among twins. From 1996 to 2013, the under-5 mortality rate (U5MR) for singletons in the Dominican Republic declined from 56‰ (95% CI [47, 64) to 30‰ (22–39) and from 108‰ (53–164) to 53‰ (16–89) among twins. In Haiti, between 1994 and 2016, the U5MR declined from 121‰ (109–133) to 77‰ (68–80) for singletons and from 432‰ (327–538) to 204‰ (149–260) among twins. The adjusted risk of neonatal death for twins is 1.4 (1.0–1.9) times higher than for singletons in the Dominican Republic, compared to a risk of 4.3 (3.5–5.3) times higher in Haiti. In the post-neonatal period, the mortality risk for twins in the Dominican Republic was 1.8 (1.0–3.1) times higher than that for singletons, 2.9 (2.3–3.8) in Haiti. The risk of death for twins was not significantly different from that for singletons in both the Dominican Republic and Haiti at ages 1–4 years. Low birth weight, lack of breastfeeding, absence of, or inadequate, antenatal care, noncesarean section birth, and high birth order were associated with excess mortality among twins in both countries
Diet, fruit and vegetables and One Health: benefits for health, environment, society and the consumer—proceedings of the 9th edition of EGEA conference
No full textInternational audiencePurpose To present the outcomes of the EGEA Conference on the state of knowledge regarding the contribution of diets rich in fruit and vegetables (FV) to human and planetary health, commonly included in the One Health concept. Methods The 9th edition of EGEA Conference (20-22 September 2023, Barcelona) provided a transversal and multidisciplinary perspective on the contribution of FV to One Health, in particular to the health of individuals, society and the planet. Nearly 150 international scientists and stakeholders discussed the current state of knowledge. These proceedings are based both on a literature review and the scientic studies presented by the speakers. Results Scientic evidence conrms the role of FV in preventing cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes; more evidence is needed on the eects and mechanisms of FV in cancer prevention. FV production and consumption helps ensure territorial cohesion and provides a denser, nutrient-rich diet with less environmental impact (except water use) than other food groups, but use of synthetic pesticides in FV production remains a challenge that could be addressed with agro-ecological solutions. Various factors inuence consumer choice and behaviour towards FV consumption across the lifespan, with specic periods being more conducive to change. New research is emerging on the role of FV consumption in regulating gut microbiota and on both mental and brain health; the potential role of FV production and supply in tackling biodiversity loss and climate change; and better monitoring of FV consumption. Conclusion Sucient evidence conrms the contribution of diet rich in FV to One Health, with some emerging research on this topic. Concerted actions are required towards an increased consumption of FV and a more diversied and environmentally neutral FV production
Les défis du débat sur la décolonisation de la santé mondiale francophone
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Droit des étrangers : il faut abolir l’autorisation de travail
No full textInternational audienceIf work is a source of value, creating “work permits” for foreigners is a moral anomaly that deprives us of as many goods as of opportunities for gratitude
La fin du colonial ? Comment la pensée anticoloniale a disparu à La Réunion
No full textInternational audienceIn the 1950s, as in many so-called Third World and overseas territories, Reunion island saw the emergence of an anticolonial movement.Characterized by vibrant intellectual and political activity, this movement generated a wealth of textual production (periodicals, political newspapers, books) that employed anticolonial rhetoric during the 1960s and 1970s.However, this corpus declined at the end of the 1970s and disappeared in the early 1980s. This paper examines the dynamics of anti-colonial ideas in this French overseas territory. It first describes the conditions that led to the emergence of this body of work and the demands it made, then outlines several hypotheses that may explain its decline: socio-economic developments, political realignments, and the process of enrollment in decentralization.This work shows how these transformations reconfigured the frameworks of thought and discourse about Réunion, especially regarding knowledge production in the social sciences.Dans les années 1950, comme dans de nombreux territoires dits du tiers monde et d’outre-mer, La Réunion a vu apparaître un mouvement anticolonial. De manière effervescente, il a donné naissance à une production textuelle (périodiques, journaux politiques et ouvrages), qui mobilisait une rhétorique anticoloniale pendant les décennies 1960 1970. Cependant, ce corpus décline à la fin des années 1970, et disparait au début des années 1980. Cette communication interroge la dynamique des idées anticoloniales dans ce territoire ultramarin français. Elle décrit d’abord les conditions d’émergence de ce corpus et les revendications qu’il formulait, puis esquisse plusieurs hypothèses susceptibles d’expliquer son déclin : évolutions socio-économiques, réalignements politiques et processus d’enrôlement dans la décentralisation. Ce travail montre comment ces transformations ont reconfiguré les cadres de pensée et les discours sur le territoire réunionnais, notamment dans la production de connaissances en sciences sociales