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L'école : terrain de lutte juridique autour du genre
No full textInternational audienceDes cours de récréation aux cours de justice… Si l’école est incontestablement un lieu d’observation de l’ordre du genre, elle est aussi un espace de combat pour celles et ceux qui refusent qu’elle soit aussi l’outil de sa déconstruction. Parents inquiets, églises conservatrices ou partis d’extrême-droite… chacun à son niveau joue une partition différente mais le résultat global est là : à la faveur de différents terrains, une bataille culturelle vise aujourd’hui l’éducation nationale – et le respect des règles communes qu’elle tente d’imposer aux établissements privés. Les sujets sont multiples : l’éducation à la sexualité bien sûr, mais aussi l’accueil des jeunes trans, la place des élèves musulman·es etc. Forme de nouveauté cependant : cette bataille semble se jouer de plus en plus devant les tribunaux, par une multiplication de recours qui, bien que rarement victorieux, constituent une forme de pression sur les autorités publiques et assurent une présence médiatique aux organisations réactionnaires
Jardiner avec l'aridité. Les jardins pavillonnaires de Tucson (Arizona) entre injonctions à l'adaptation climatique et envies potagères
No full textInternational audienc
Les familiarisations dans le vent ou l’espace plein air référent.: L’espace extérieur naturel peut-il devenir référent ?
No full textInternational audienceIn this article, Valérie Roy, an early childhood educator and doctor of education, asks: what impact can semi-outdoor settings have on familiarization? On the children, on their parents? How can this change the approach of professionals during this period when a young child separates from their family and discovers another world, other adults, other peers, and another environment? And finally, can the outdoors play a stable and reassuring role as a point of reference during what was once called adaptation? Here are her observations and what she has learned from them.How can living environments promote the familiarization of young children aged 12 months to 3 years in early childhood centers (ECCs) operating on an outdoor project with a natural presence? Valérie Roy explores how this connection is established and developed at such a young age in a group setting, and how to foster a safe and suitable environment for the child in the presence of so many other peers and all these professionals immersed in spaces that are more or less adapted to their needs. The participatory approach is rooted in daily reality and the experiences of individuals. This qualitative approach is described as a lived experience.espace extérieur naturel peut-il devenir référent ?Dans cet article Valérie Roy, EJE et docteure en sciences de l’éducation s’interroge : quel impact sur la familiarisation le fait d’accueillir en semi-plein air peut-il avoir ? Auprès des enfants, de ses parents ? En quoi cela peut-il changer la posture des professionnelles en cette période où un petit enfant se sépare de sa famille et découvre un autre univers, d’autres adultes, d’autres pairs et un autre environnement. Et finalement est-ce que l’extérieur peut jouer un rôle de référent, stable et sécurisant, dans ce temps qu’on appelait autrefois adaptation. Voici ses observations, et ce qu’elle en a retenu.En quoi les environnements vivants peuvent-ils favoriser la familiarisation du jeune enfant de 12 mois à 3 ans en EAJE fonctionnant sur un projet plein air avec une présence de nature ? Valérie Roy se demande comment ce lien s’établit, s’articule si jeune en collectivité et comment favoriser un environnement sécurisant, suffisamment bon pour l’enfant en présence de tant d’autres pairs et de toutes ces professionnelles plongées dans des espaces plus ou moins adaptés ? L'approche participative s’ancre dans la réalité quotidienne et les expériences des individus. Cette approche qualitative est décrite comme une expérience vécue
Categorical Continuation Semantics for Concurrency
No full textInternational audienceContinuation semantics for simple programming languages can be axiomatized as a dialogue category: a symmetric monoidal category equipped with a negation operation. This axiomatization makes clear the relationship between game semantics, CPS transformations, and continuation monads. In this paper we extend dialogue categories with 2-categorical structure and concurrent primitives. This is inspired by a recent analysis of concurrency based on 2-categorical monads. We show that the fine-grained structure of dialogue categories, not generally available in other semantic models, can be exploited to give a type to concurrent primitives join and fork. Our main theorem is that this simple axiomatization induces a concurrent continuation 2-monad. We also show that this framework is expressive beyond call-by-value monadic programming. The definitions in this paper are illustrated by concrete constructions in concurrent game semantics, and our results give a formal categorical basis for concurrent strategies. From a more practical perspective, our approach suggests a candidate target language for linear CPS transformations of concurrent programming languages
Machine learning based radiomic models outperform clinical biomarkers in predicting outcomes after immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma
No full textInternational audienceBackground & Aims: Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (A/B) is a rst-line therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Only a small proportion of patients respond to treatment. This study integrated radiomic and clinical data derived fromroutine pre-treatment imaging to predict outcomes after immunotherapy.Methods: A total of 152 patients from two international centres receiving A/B were retrospectively reviewed. Deep learningautosegmentation generated whole liver masks from pre-treatment CTs. Radiomic features combined with clinical variables wereused to predict 12-month mortality post A/B. Radiomic and integrated radiomic-clinical models were developed using sevenmachine learning models in combination with 13 feature selection techniques in the Imperial College London (ICL) cohort. K-means clustering identi ed high- and low-risk groups and predicted overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) andresponse. Model performance was assessed in the independent Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) cohort.Results: The integrated radiomic-clinical model outperformed BCLC stage (AUC 0.61, p <0.001) and ALBI grade (AUC 0.48, p<0.001) in the ICL (AUC 0.89, 95% CI 0.75-0.99) and AP-HP (AUC 0.75, 95% CI 0.64-0.85) cohorts. Integrated model-strati edhigh-risk patients had signi cantly shorter median OS (ICL: 5.6 months vs. 28.2 months; p <0.001; AP-HP: 5.8 months vs. 15.7months; p <0.001) and PFS (ICL: 2.4 months vs. 14.6 months; p <0.001; AP-HP: 2.1 months vs. 6.1 months; p = 0.046). Low-riskpatients had signi cantly higher immune checkpoint inhibitor response rates compared to high-risk patients (35.6% vs. 21.4%;p = 0.038). In multivariable analysis, radiomic group was the strongest predictor of OS (hazard ratio 3.22, 95% CI 1.99-5.20; p<0.001) and PFS (hazard ratio 1.82, 95% CI 1.18-2.80; p = 0.010).Conclusion: Radiomic-based models predict survival outcomes and response to immunotherapy in patients with advanced HCC.Deep learning in combination with machine learning can stratify patients and allows for precision treatment strategies
Questionner le rapport au terrain pour la·le chercheur·e, entre être “d’ici” et être “habitante” : stratégies, implications et production de savoirs situés
No full textInternational audienceCette communication propose de discuter la place du·de la chercheur·e par rapport à son terrain, terrain qui est habité ou terrain dont on est issus·es, en croisant les expériences de deux chercheures qui travaillent sur le genre dans les espaces ruraux. En quoi est-ce que cette double posture chercheur·e-habitant·e ou chercheur·e-originaire a une influence sur l’accès au terrain, sur la construction de liens avec les enquêtés·es, mais aussi sur la façon de mener la recherche en féministe
Willingness to participate in a long-acting injectable cabotegravir HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis study among men who have sex with men in the French ANRS-PREVENIR cohort
No full textInternational audienceObjectives Despite the wide implementation of HIV oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (oPrEP), uptake, adherence and persistence issues remain. Long-acting injectable cabotegravir (CAB-LA) is a promising new PrEP HIV prevention option. However, little is known about oPrEP users’ interest in it. We investigated men who have sex with men (MSM) oPrEP users’ willingness to participate (WtP) in a CAB-LA PrEP study in France. Methods We designed a cross-sectional questionnaire (‘NewPrEP’) to evaluate attitudes to CAB-LA of daily and event-driven oPrEP users participating in the ANRS-PREVENIR cohort study (2017–2025). The outcome, WtP, was dichotomised into ‘Willing’ (absolutely/probably) or ‘Unwilling’ (probably not/absolutely not/I would like to discuss this with my doctor before making a decision). We used multivariate logistic Bayesian model averaging to estimate factors associated with WtP. Results Of the 1555 MSM followed in ANRS-PREVENIR in February 2023 with baseline data, 879 (57%) answered the NewPrEP questionnaire. Median age and follow-up time were 38 and 4.7 years, respectively; 37% and 22% were on daily- and event-driven oPrEP, respectively; 41% used a combination of both regimens. 64% had heard of CAB-LA PrEP, and 43% were WtP in a related study. Multivariate results showed that willing participants were younger and more likely to have heard of CAB-LA, to use daily oPrEP exclusively or in combination, to find it difficult to adhere to their regimen, to engage in chemsex, to trust their doctor and to be more interested in PrEP effectiveness than in the administration mode. They were less likely to perceive the obligatory 2-monthly hospital visits for CAB-LA PrEP as constraining, to be scared of injections and to fear long-acting medications. Conclusions WtP in a CAB-LA study among MSM oPREP users was moderate but concentrated among those with the greatest need. This highlights the need to enable free distribution. Future studies should evaluate adherence and retention in long-acting iPrEP
Acceptability of risk-based breast cancer screening among professionals and healthcare providers from 6 countries contributing to the MyPeBS study
No full textInternational audienceTo evaluate the acceptability of a risk-based breast cancer screening (BCS) strategy among professionals involved in MyPeBS study in 6 countries. Methods After qualitative interviews, a questionnaire was built with a Delphi method: to evaluate professionals’ basic understanding, satisfaction and reactions to each stage of the trial, opinions on BCS and its future. The questionnaire was distributed by emailing 698 investigators, who forwarded it to all categories of professionals involved in trial recruitment (physicians, medical secretaries, nurses, and mammography technicians). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize views on acceptability. Results Among the 198 respondents, most declared being at ease with the trial design and the concept of breast cancer risk estimation. They were mostly comfortable explaining the different trial steps, communicating risk estimation, and answering women’s questions. Some professionals were not comfortable explaining high (7.1%) and low-risk categories (9%) and did not feel sufficiently trained (26.5%). Although professionals were mostly confident about risk-based approaches and the potential of this to improve breast cancer screening (93.5%), 58% called for further validation of the risk-models to predict risk before implementation in population-based programs. They expressed concerns about the complexity of this screening strategy, stressing the need to properly inform the public and to train professionals in delivering risk assessment. Conclusion This first study assessing the perspectives of professionals delivering risk-based BCS. As professional acceptability is key for successful implementation, training for all professionals and tools to help them communicate risk to women will be necessary to develop risk assessment in BCS. Trial registration Study sponsor: Unicancer. My personalised breast screening (MyPeBS). Clinicaltrials.gov (2018) available at https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03672331
W. S. Merwin’s Fabled Waters
No full textInternational audienceIn his two collections of short fiction, The Miner’s Pale Children (1970) and Houses and Travellers (1977), later reissued together by Copper Canyon Press under the title The Book of Fables (2007), W. S. Merwin gives agency and power to water. Linking the efficiency of the condensed format to the contents, Merwin’s stories question the boundaries commonly established between water in nature and water in the human or other bodies, but also between water and other elements, revisiting the categories that have informed the Western grasp of the natural world. The stories offer a rephrasing of an ancient philosophy through the use of animism and metaphors gone literal. Without giving a voice to nature directly, but letting the latter signify its mystery to our limited human understanding, they emphasize the interdependency of interlinked fates in the biosphere, with respect for the water of life in the whole of nature, in and of itself.Dans ses deux recueils de nouvelles, The Miner’s Pale Children (1970) et Houses and Travellers (1977), rééditées en un seul volume par Copper Canyon Press sous le titre The Book of Fables (2007), W. S. Merwin fait de l’eau un agent actif et puissant. En associant la forme brève à son sujet, les nouvelles de Merwin remettent en question la frontière habituelle entre l’eau dans la nature et celle dans le corps humain, mais aussi entre l’eau et d’autres éléments, bousculant les catégories du monde occidental. Ces nouvelles proposent une reformulation d’une philosophie ancienne par leur usage de l’animisme et par la littéralité de leurs métaphores. Sans faire parler la nature directement, mais en lui laissant signifier son mystère pour notre entendement humain limité, elles mettent en avant l’interdépendance de destins liés dans la biosphère, dans le respect de l’eau, source de vie dans la nature, par et pour elle-même
Représenter la vulnérabilité à la schizophrénie. Une question d’ingénierie des connaissances.
No full textInternational audienceCet article aborde la question de la représentation, au moyen d’une ontologie informatique, de la vulnérabilité à la schizophrénie. Nous convoquons la notion philosophique de disposition en montrant d’une part sa pertinence pour comprendre l’approche neurodéveloppementale de la schizophrénie et d’autre part les efforts de modélisation ontologique auxquels elle donne lieu. Nous précisons ce faisant l’usage qui peut être fait de cette notion en philosophie et montrons l’intérêt et les limites de son usage dans des ontologies