HAL-Paris 13
Not a member yet
33893 research outputs found
Sort by
Examining the effect of nearby armed conflict on access to maternal and child health services in Burkina Faso’s primary healthcare facilities
No full textInternational audienceBackground Armed conflict is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa, impacting access to vital health services. However, scant evidence exists on the effects of the recently escalated conflict in Burkina Faso, a country severely affected by rising violence. Methods We conducted a longitudinal study, aligning conflict event data from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program with Burkina Faso’s Health Management Information System data spanning from 2013 to 2021. Applying negative binomial regression models with health facility fixed effects, we assessed the impact of nearby armed conflict events (within 25 km of primary healthcare centres) on access to six essential maternal and child health services. We investigated effect heterogeneity by varying conflict intensity and duration, and facility characteristics. Results Any nearby armed conflict significantly reduced the incidence of all examined health services, except for non-significant caesarean section declines. Specifically, antenatal care 4 visits decreased by 3.9%, facility-based deliveries by 7.2%, caesarean sections by 9.4%, postnatal care 1 visits by 4.3% and outpatient care visits for children under 5 and aged 5–14 by 7.2% and 12.0%, respectively. High-intensity conflict events significantly amplified the negative effects across all health services. We observed less pronounced effects on children under 5 compared with those aged 5–14 not encompassed by existing fee removal policies. Prolonged conflicts did not adversely affect outpatient care visits for children. Rural facilities bore a more pronounced effect than urban facilities. Conclusions Our findings show a significant disruption of health services due to contemporaneous conflict in Burkina Faso. However, child curative care services seem to exhibit a stabilisation trend in prolonged conflicts, and the mitigating effects of existing fee removal policies were evident. This underscores the need for nuanced policy interventions that consider varying conflict intensities, service types and financing schemes and highlights the importance of detailed, fine-scale analyses during conflict scenarios
Small but connected: assessing the contribution of civic-led hedgerow planting on landscape connectivity in periurban Paris
No full textInternational audienceMost studies in landscape connectivity assessment deal with institutional projects led by public or private stakeholders, with a focus on transportation infrastructures impacts over wildlife habitats. Civic-led and place-based initiatives on public space, such as community gardens or collective tree planting projects are rarely considered as significant areas to contribute to landscape connectivity. This research intends to assess the impacts on landscape connectivity of a civic initiative for hedgerow planting and its perceived functions by civic actors, in the southern Paris periurban context. In that purpose, we applied a graph modelling methodology to measure and characterize the contribution of hedgerow sites ( n = 94) on landscape connectivity. Through a comparison between hedgerow and public green sites used as a control group, we find that the hedgerow sites strengthen landscape connectivity. The quantitative assessment is coupled with qualitative data collected from local civic leaders on their perception of social-ecological functions associated with hedgerow planting. The cross-analysis of connectivity metrics and perceived multifunctionality of planting practices gives avenues for incorporating and scale up civic initiatives towards more collaborative urban ecological planning strategies. Finally, our findings highlight the need for further research on the ecological assessment of civic-led planting projects
O PROTAGONISMO DE GERVASIA NUNÉZIA PIRES DOS SANTOS NEVESNA DIREÇÃO DO JORNAL DAS SENHORAS(1853-1855)
No full textInternational audienceDentre as três redatoras-chefes que atuaram na direção do Jornal das Senhoras, Gervasia Nunézia Pires dos Santos Neves (1824-1872) foi aquela que permaneceu mais tempo na direção da revista feminina - dois anos e sete meses. No entanto, é também a que recebeu menos destaque em comparação às suas antecessoras, Juana Paula Manso de Noronha (1819-1875) e Violante Atabalipa Ximenes de Bivar e Vellasco (1817-1875). Assim, este artigo pretende destacar o protagonismo dessa mulher de letras na direção de uma revista feminina em meados do século XIX, bem como a importância do periódico enquanto espaço de diálogo entre as mulheres no Rio de Janeiro. Para isso, buscamos dar visibilidade à atuação dessa senhora antes, durante e depois da direção do Jornal das Senhoras para, em seguida, apresentar o papel da revista feminina como um suporte de mediação cultural que deu voz às mulheres no espaço público. Desse modo, será possível mostrar como essa redatora-chefe deu continuidade às mesmas reivindicações iniciadas por suas colegas de redação, mantendo o impresso como um mecanismo político e simbólico em prol da equidade de gênero
Les expressions axiologiques dans l’espace public : un pendant critique aux normes sociétales ? : La transmission normative par les axiomorphosimes
No full textInternational audienceIn this paper, we wish to explore the questions posed in the framing text by starting from a phenomenological position on ‘transmission’: transmitting is an activity of putting, dynamic because it involves a ‘trajectivity’ (Berque, 2015), a movement across between at least two poles and linking them. In so doing, transmission is characterised by a double experience: that of being put into oneself, and that of being ‘taken’ (Bessy & Chateauraynaud, 1995; Heinich, 2017). These two positions create a particular kind of social relationship between the person who puts in and the person who takes: a relationship of value.Since 2017, we have been conducting ethnographic research consisting of photographing and mapping axiological expressions in public space. By ‘axiological expressions’, we mean written or posted messages, in letters and/or symbols, presenting one or more values, whether they are being fought for/defended (as in the case of feminist messages/fights against violence against women), addressed to someone explicitly or not.Dans cette communication, nous souhaitons explorer les questions posées dans le texte de cadrage en partant d’une position phénoménologique de la « transmission » : transmettre, c’est une activité de mise, dynamique car impliquant une « trajectivité » (Berque, 2015), un mouvement traversant entre au moins deux pôles et les reliant. Ce faisant, un double vécu d’expérience caractérise une transmission : celle de la mise en soi, et celle de la « prise » (Bessy & Chateauraynaud, 1995; Heinich, 2017). Ces deux postures enfin pose un rapport social entre la personne qui mise et la personne qui prise d’un type particulier : un rapport de valeur.Nous conduisons depuis 2017 une recherche ethnographique consistant à photographier et cartographier des expressions axiologiques dans l’espace public. Par « expressions axiologiques », nous entendons des messages écrits ou affichés, en lettres ou/et par des symboles, présentant une à plusieurs valeurs, qu’elles soient combattues/défendues (comme dans le cas des messages féministes/de luttes contre les violences faites aux femmes), adressées à quelqu’un explicitement ou non.Ces messages ou expressions axiologiques reconfigurent ainsi leur espace-support de réception : entre une expérience de l’art (Dewey, 2014) et une mise à « prise », ces messages sont disposés de façon à interpeller le sujet regardant. Ce faisant, ils transmettent non seulement un sens lexical – ils délivrent un message – mais aussi un sens politique – ils misent sur la prise souhaitée : interpeller la personne qui lit.C’est à partir de cette « configuration » (Barbier & Dutoit, 2023) que nous proposons d’explorer les questionnements du colloque, notamment sur une « normativité de la transmission » dans l’espace public. Nous faisons l’hypothèse que ces « axiomorphismes » - soit ces valeurs prennant une forme, se visibilisant – interpellent plus que le sujet lecteur : elles interpellent aussi la société en positionnant ce qui fait « crise » en elle en lumière critique, les deux étant reliées (Fassin, 2023; Heurtaux et al., 2023). A travers un récit rétrospectif de ces années de recherche ethnographique, nous souhaitons interroger comment ces mises en mots/symboles de valeurs qui comptent viennent conduire à s’interroger sur les siennes propres et, ce faisant, apprendre à situer la genèse de ses propres valeurs (Joas, 2023)
Evaluating the Efficacy of Instance Incremental vs. Batch Learning in Delayed Label Environments : An Empirical Study on Tabular Data Streaming for Fraud Detection
No full textInternational audienceReal-world tabular learning production scenarios typically involve evolving data streams, where data arrives continuously and its distribution may change over time. In such a setting, most studies in the literature regarding supervised learning favor the use of instance incremental algorithms due to their ability to adapt to changes in the data distribution. Another significant reason for choosing these algorithms is \textit{avoid storing observations in memory} as commonly done in batch incremental settings. However, the design of instance incremental algorithms often assumes immediate availability of labels, which is an optimistic assumption. In many real-world scenarios, such as fraud detection or credit scoring, labels may be delayed. Consequently, batch incremental algorithms are widely used in many real-world tasks. This raises an important question: "In delayed settings, is instance incremental learning the best option regarding predictive performance and computational efficiency?" Unfortunately, this question has not been studied in depth, probably due to the scarcity of real datasets containing delayed information. In this study, we conduct a comprehensive empirical evaluation and analysis of this question using a real-world fraud detection problem and commonly used generated datasets. Our findings indicate that instance incremental learning is not the superior option, considering on one side state-of-the-art models such as Adaptive Random Forest (ARF) and other side batch learning models such as XGBoost. Additionally, when considering the interpretability of the learning systems, batch incremental solutions tend to be favored. Code: \url{https://github.com/anselmeamekoe/DelayedLabelStream
Outpatient transurethral resection of bladder tumors: A systematic review of oncologic and safety outcomes
No full textInternational audienc
Communication practices with patients using a language other than French: a cross-sectional survey in a university hospital in France
No full textInternational audienc
Hausdorff dimension and exact approximation order in R^n
No full textInternational audienceGiven a non-increasing function ψ : N → R + such that s n+1 n ψ(s) tends to zero as s goes to infinity, we show that the set of points in R n that are exactly ψ-approximable is non-empty, and we compute its Hausdorff dimension. For n ≥ 2, this answers questions of Jarník and of Beresnevich, Dickinson and Velani.</div
Groupes arithmétiques et approximation diophantienne
No full textInternational audienceNous développons une théorie de l'approximation diophantienne dans les variétés de drapeaux, obtenues comme quotient d'un groupe de Lie semi-simple défini sur Q par un sous-groupe parabolique. En nous appuyant sur des résultats de la théorie des groupes arithmétiques, dûs entre autres à Borel et Harish-Chandra, et à Margulis et ses collaborateurs, nous démontrons dans ce cadre des généralisations des théorèmes classiques de l'approximation diophantienne