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SR-MedTS: A Semantically-Robust Synergistic Framework for multi-modal Medical Image Translation and Segmentation
No full textInternational audienceMulti-modal medical image translation and segmentation are essential for achieving accurate diagnosis and treatment. However, existing methods often suffer from semantic shifts during modality translation, leading to issues such as vascular discontinuity and anatomical deformation, which further degrade downstream segmentation performance. To address these challenges, we propose a Semantic-Robust multimodal medical image Translation and Segmentation framework (SR-MedTS). In this respect, we design an end-to-end dualstream architecture composed of a generator, discriminator and semantic robustness module. Moreover, we propose a channelspatial attention mechanism embedded in the skip connections between the encoder and decoder of the segmentation generator network to enhance boundary recognition. Finally, a multiloss function is defined to optimize the overall architecture. Extensive experiments on a multi-modal abdominal dataset and a six-site prostate dataset demonstrate that SR-MedTS significantly improves cross-modal segmentation performance using only 10% of annotated data, showing strong potential in lowresourcemedical imaging scenarios. Our code is available at https://github.com/susu337/SR-MedTS
Philanthropie, État social et autoritarisme dans la Syrie de Bachar al-Assad. Le cas du Syria Trust for Development
No full textInternational audienceأقترح في هذا المقال من خلال تحليل عمل «الأمانة السورية للتنمية» الربط بين دراسة تحولات الدولة الاجتماعية والهندسة السياسية في سوريا ما قبل الثورة من جهة وبين الدراسات المتعلقة بالعمل الفيلانثروبي والتنمية من جهة أخرى. أفترض أن هذا المشروع الذي أطلقته السيدة الأولى في عام 2007 لا يعكس فقط تصورًا جديدًا للتنمية والمساعدات الاجتماعية والاقتصاد من منظور السلطة، وإنما يعكس أيضًا رؤية جديدة لدور الدولة وعلاقتها بالمواطنين والجهات الدولية المانحة. وفي هذا السياق، يتعرّض فضاء «ممارسات الخير» إعادة تَشكيل بنيوي، وذلك من خلال إنشاء هياكل تنظيمية هجينة مفروضة من الأعلى تتقاطع في العديد من سماتها مع الفيلانثروبية، غير أنها لا تُعرّف نفسها بهذا المفهوم. في خلاصة القول، يُعتبر هذا المشروع اختبارًا لنسخة جديدة من ممارسة السلطوية في تلك الفترة وذلك عبر المبادرات التي روجت لها أسماء الأسد.This article aims to link the study of the reconfiguration of the welfare state and political engineering in pre-revolutionary Syria with research on philanthropy and development, through the analysis of the Syria Trust for Development. I argue that this project, founded by the First Lady in 2007, reflects a new conception of development, social assistance, and the economy among the country’s leaders. It also reflects a new vision of the role of the state and of its relationship with its citizens and international donors. In this context, the sphere of the “doing good practices” is reconfigured through the establishment of hybrid organisational structures from above that share many features with philanthropy, yet do not define themselves as such. Ultimately, this period sees the testing of a new version of authoritarianism through the initiatives promoted by Asma al-Assad.À travers l’analyse du Syria Trust for Development, je propose d’articuler dans cet article l’étude des reconfigurations de l’’État social et des ingénieries politiques dans la Syrie prérévolutionnaire avec les travaux sur la philanthropie et le développement. Je fais l’’hypothèse que ce projet, fondé par la Première dame en 2007, reflète non seulement une nouvelle conception du développement, de l’aide sociale et de l’économie chez les dirigeants du pays, mais aussi une nouvelle vision du rôle de l’’État et de son rapport aux citoyens et aux bailleurs de fonds internationaux. Dans ce cadre, l’espace des « pratiques du bien » se trouve reconfiguré, avec la création par le haut de structures organisationnelles hybrides qui partagent de nombreux traits avec la philanthropie, mais ne se définissent pas comme telle. In fine, c’est une nouvelle version de l’autoritarisme qui est alors testée à travers les initiatives promues par Asma al-Assad
Is MUC5B rs35705950 promoter polymorphism associated with chronic lung allograft dysfunction?
No full textInternational audienceBackground : Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) is the main cause of death following lung transplantation (LT). Its pathophysiology and risk factors remain poorly understood. Donor or recipient genetic characteristics could be involved. MUC5B promoter rs35705950 polymorphism is one of the major genetic factors associated with pulmonary fibrosis. We aimed to correlate the MUC5B genotype of recipients and donors with LT outcomes. Methods : Recipient and donor blood samples from the Cohort in Lung Transplantation biobank were used. MUC5B status was determined by quantitative PCR using probes for rs35705950 polymorphism. CLAD occurrence and phenotype were blindly adjudicated. Results : 210 recipient–donor pairs were analysed. At 5 years, 68 patients (32.4%) had CLAD. The MUC5B rs35705950 polymorphism, whether in the donor or the recipient, was not associated with CLAD at 5 years (OR 1.07 (95% CI 0.53–2.11), p=0.8, and OR 0.79 (95% CI 0.37–1.60), p=0.5, respectively), CLAD-free survival or CLAD phenotype. The prevalence of the recipients’ T allele differed among underlying respiratory diseases (20.0% in interstitial lung disease, 8.4% in emphysema, 13.4% in cystic fibrosis and 5.6% for others, p=0.03). Risk of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) was independent of the donor MUC5B polymorphism genotype, whereas the presence of the T allele in the recipient was associated with a reduced occurrence of AMR (OR 0.26 (95% CI 0.08–0.69), p=0.015). Conclusion : MUC5B rs35705950 polymorphism in the donor or the recipient does not affect LT outcomes. The significant association between the recipients’ polymorphism and reduced AMR occurrence has yet to be confirmed
Stratégies de croissance et de caractérisation de diamants monocristallins orientés (113) pour des applications en électronique de puissance
No full textThe industrial development of diamond bipolar electronic components, and specifically in their vertical configuration, remains obstructed by a number of major obstacles, particularly the crystalline orientation of the layers constituting the components, their geometric dimensions and the formation of defects. Firstly, such components require the homo-epitaxy of thick, heavily doped diamond films of n and p types, which necessarily implies the same crystalline orientation. The layers having the best electronic properties are (111)-oriented in the case of the n-layers and (100)-oriented in the case of the p-layers. The research for the most optimal compromise led the LSPM and the GEMaC to choose an orientation that is still rarely studied: the (113)-orientation, which forms the core of the ANR LAPIN113 project in which this thesis work is included. Furthermore, in order to facilitate the fabrication of these electronical components on the surface of diamond samples, the latter must be as large as possible. (113)-oriented diamond substrates, directly obtained from (100)-oriented substrates after machining steps, have an extremely small functional surface area. Finally, these components must have specific electronic properties, inherent to the chemical nature of diamond, its orientation and its doping level, which are altered by the presence of defects within its crystal lattice, in particular dislocationsLe développement industriel de composants électroniques bipolaires tout-diamant, et spécifiquement dans leur configuration verticale, demeure entravée par quelques grands écueils, à savoir l'orientation cristalline des couches constituant lesdits composants, leurs dimensions géométriques ainsi que la formation de défauts. Tout d'abord, de tels composants requièrent l'homo-épitaxie de films de diamant épais et fortement dopés de types n et p, ce qui implique nécessairement une orientation cristalline commune. Or, les couches dotées des meilleures propriétés électroniques sont orientées (111) s'agissant des couches n, et (100) en ce qui concerne les couches p. La recherche du compromis le plus optimal possible a conduit le LSPM et le GEMaC à se tourner vers une orientation encore relativement peu étudiée : l'orientation (113), qui constitue le cœur du projet ANR LAPIN113 dans lequel s'est inscrit ce travail de thèse. Par ailleurs, de manière à faciliter la réalisation de ces composants électroniques à la surface des échantillons de diamant, cette dernière doit être la plus vaste possible. Or, les substrats de diamant orientés (113), directement issus de substrats orientés (100) après des étapes d'usinage, possèdent une surface fonctionnelle de taille extrêmement réduite. Enfin, ces composants doivent posséder des propriétés électroniques spécifiques, inhérentes à la nature chimique du diamant, à son orientation et à son taux de dopage, qui sont altérées par la présence de défauts au sein de son réseau cristallin, en particulier les dislocations
Toric wedge induction and toric lifting property for piecewise linear spheres with few vertices
No full textInternational audienceLet be an -dimensional piecewise linear sphere on~, where . There are a canonical action of -dimensional torus~ on the moment-angle complex~, and a canonical action of~ on the real moment-angle complex~, where is the additive group with two elements. We prove that any subgroup of~ acting freely on~ is induced by a subtorus of~ acting freely on~. The proof primarily utilizes a suitably modified method of toric wedge induction and the combinatorial structure of the universal complex. As a byproduct, this solves the toric lifting problem for piecewise linear spheres with
Cuarenta años de democracia, ¿cuarenta años de un devenir autoritario del Estado? Las leyes antiterroristas en Argentina, 1984-2011
No full textInternational audienceThis article compares Argentine laws adopted against subversion or terrorism prior to the 1976 military coup with current anti-terrorism laws (laws of 2007 and 2011).Cet article établit une comparaison entre les lois argentines adoptées contre la subversion ou le terrorisme avant le coup d'État de 1976 et les lois antiterroristes actuelles (lois de 2007 et 2011)
Proenkephalin improves cardio-renal risk prediction in acute coronary syndromes: the KID-ACS score
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Background and Aims Circulating proenkephalin (PENK) is a stable endogenous polypeptide with fast response to glomerular dysfunction and tubular damage. This study examined the predictive value of PENK for renal outcomes and mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods Proenkephalin was measured in plasma in a prospective multicentre ACS cohort from Switzerland (n = 4787) and in validation cohorts from the UK (n = 1141), Czechia (n = 927), and Germany (n = 220). A biomarker-enhanced risk score (KID-ACS score) for simultaneous prediction of in-hospital acute kidney injury (AKI) and 30-day mortality was derived and externally validated. Results On multivariable adjustment for established risk factors, circulating PENK remained associated with in-hospital AKI [per log2 increase: adjusted odds ratio 1.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–2.09, P = .007] and 30-day mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 2.73, 95% CI 1.85–4.02, P < .001). The KID-ACS score integrates PENK and showed an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of .72 (95% CI .68–.76) for in-hospital AKI and .91 (95% CI .87–.95) for 30-day mortality in the derivation cohort. Upon external validation, KID-ACS achieved similarly high performance for in-hospital AKI (Zurich: AUC .73, 95% CI .70–.77; Czechia: AUC .75, 95% CI .68–.81; Germany: AUC .71, 95% CI .55–.87) and 30-day mortality (UK: AUC .87, 95% CI .83–.91; Czechia: AUC .91, 95% CI .87–.94; Germany: AUC .96, 95% CI .92–1.00), outperforming the contrast-associated AKI score and the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events 2.0 score, respectively. Conclusions Circulating PENK offers incremental value for predicting in-hospital AKI and mortality in ACS. The simple six-item KID-ACS risk score integrates PENK and provides a novel tool for simultaneous assessment of renal and mortality risk in patients with ACS
Fault-tolerant dynamically-decoupled hyper-Ramsey spectroscopy of ultra-narrow clock transitions
No full textHyper-Ramsey protocols effectively reduce AC-Stark shifts in probing ultra-narrow optical clock transitions but they remain sensitive to laser intensity noise, decoherence, frequency drifts, and low-frequency perturbations. We address these limitations by incorporating dynamical decoupling, using sequences of rotary Hahn-echo pulses that toggle the probe frequency detuning and phase between opposite signs. Implementing time-optimized Eulerian cycling circuits of multiple refocusing pulses, we generate high-contrast hyper-Ramsey interferences that are completely free from AC-Stark shifts and robust against environmental noise and laser probe parameters imperfections. Fault- tolerant dynamically-decoupled SU(2) hyper-clocks are a significant step toward universal, noise-resilient quantum sensors, enabling fault-tolerant metrology for searches about new physics beyond the Standard Model
Burst steroid therapy and quality of life in patients with acute heart failure: Insights from the CORTAHF trial
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Aims Patients hospitalized with acute heart failure (AHF) treated with a 7 day prednisone course in the CORTAHF pilot trial had a greater improvement in health‐related quality of life (QoL) at Day 7 in both the overall population and in patients with baseline interleukin 6 > 13 pg/mL. This post‐hoc analysis examines the specific QoL domains and the relationship between clinical signs of congestion and QoL. Methods In the CORTAHF pilot trial, patients with AHF and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) > 20 mg/L were randomized 1:1 to once‐daily oral 40 mg prednisone for 7 days plus usual care or usual care alone. Patients completed the EQ‐5D‐5L, including the EQ‐VAS, at baseline and Days 7 and 31. We estimated baseline‐adjusted treatment effects on each of the five QoL dimensions and evaluated the interaction between baseline EQ‐VAS and treatment effect on hsCRP change at Day 7 (the primary endpoint). The correlation between changes in signs of congestion and EQ‐VAS were evaluated. Results Among 100 randomized patients, the improvement in QoL at Day 7 was driven by significant effects on the EQ‐5D‐5L mobility [win odds 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05–2.12] and usual activities (win odds 1.50, 95% CI 1.05–2.20) domains. The treatment effect on 7 day hsCRP change was independent of baseline EQ‐VAS (interaction P = 0.13). Decongestion and EQ‐VAS improvement were correlated ( r = −0.528, P < 0.0001). Conclusions In patients with AHF and high hsCRP levels, 7 day burst steroid therapy improved QoL mostly by affecting the mobility and usual activities domains. QoL improvement was correlated with decongestion and may therefore not be a direct effect of steroid therapy, but mediated through improvement in HF symptoms and signs. Inflammatory activation was reduced by prednisone irrespective of baseline EQ‐VAS