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Le langage simplifié pour le public FLE : des critères linguistiques à interroger
No full textInternational audienceLe langage simplifié est une variété de langue qui vise à rendre l'information plus compréhensible et, en fin de compte, plus accessible. Le contenu et la forme de cette variété peuvent être conçus conformément à un ensemble de recommandations publiées dans des guides d’écriture simplifiée. Toutefois, ces recommandations ne sont pas encore suffisamment étayées par des recherches empiriques ou expérimentales et les résultats ne sont pas encore généralisables (Gonzalez‑Sorde & Matamala, 2024). Dans cette perspective, ce chapitre s’intéresse au public dont le français n’est pas la langue première. Nous nous intéressons aux textes destinés aux personnes ayant un niveau de français compris entre A1 à B21, en les comparant avec des textes d’autres niveaux de complexité et technicité. Ainsi, notre objectif consiste à dégager les critères linguistiques adaptés aux besoins de ce public en comparant différents types, genres et sources de textes, en particulier des textes narratifs, informatifs et procéduraux
Finest bounds for the Sinc trigonometric function and applications
No full textIn this paper we prove for x ∈ (0, π 2 ) the double inequality for the Sinc function, with equality when r → 0.Similar double inequalities are provided for the Huygens and The Wilker functions as well as for the Mitrinovic-Adamovic function.</div
Modeling and Parameter Estimation of Tumor Spheroids from Bottom-View Imaging: Beyond the Spherical Assumption
No full textTumor spheroids are widely used in vitro models for studying tumor growth and treatment response, yet their analysis is often limited by incomplete geometric measurements. In practice, only a two-dimensional bottom view is available, which can lead to strong biases when spheroids deviate from an ideal spherical shape, in particular for flattened aggregates. We propose a mechanistic modeling and data assimilation framework that accounts for both poor data quality and model uncertainty. A biologically motivated partial differential equations model with axial symmetry is introduced and reduced to a low-dimensional system compatible with sparse observations and ellipsoidal shapes. Uncertainties in initial conditions and parameters are handled using a Luenberger-type observer coupled with a reduced-order unscented Kalman filter. The approach is validated on synthetic data and applied to experimental in vitro spheroid data under propranolol treatment, illustrating how model-based integration of limited measurements improves the interpretation of spheroid growth dynamics and treatment-induced morphological changes
Enhancing thermal stability and mechanical properties in fully-amorphous ZrCu nanolaminates
No full textInternational audienceThe synthesis of thermally stable metallic glasses (MGs) which are mechanically robust and tunable at elevated temperatures remains a key research challenge. While most strategies focus on complex MG compositions with enhanced resistance to devitrification, we demonstrate that a simple microstructural approach – based on the fabrication of fully amorphous nanolaminates (NLs) – can significantly extend thermal stability even for binary ZrCu system, while retaining strong resistance to deformation. Moreover, we investigated annealing-induced atomic structural modifications (relaxation or partial crystallization). Annealing treatments up to 330 °C (T < Tg, the glass transition temperature) maintain the amorphous structure, while inducing atomic structural relaxation and free volume annihilation, as revealed by HRTEM and the reduction in corrugations on fracture surfaces. Moreover, we report strong layer intermixing with chemical interdiffusion, delaying the onset of crystallization and resulting in superior thermal stability with a fully amorphous structure up to 420 °C, significantly above the crystallization temperature of the individual layers (respectively, 320 and 360 °C for Zr24Cu76/Zr61Cu39). Annealing at T > Tg (∼420 °C) results in a completely homogenous structure without NL features with partial crystallization, forming Cu-Zr-based intermetallic and Zr-oxide phases. We show an increase in elastic modulus and hardness for higher temperatures due to structural relaxation and nanocrystal formation, with a maximum hardness (7.6 ± 0.2 GPa) obtained at 420 °C for 60 mins annealing, ∼20% above the deposited condition. These results highlight the potential of microstructural tailoring of MGs to enhance thermal stability and tailor the mechanical properties, which can be beneficial for advanced material applications
Acceptability patterns of hypothetic taxes on different types of foods in France
No full textInternational audienceObjective: To identify patterns of food taxes acceptability among French adults, and to investigate population characteristics associated with them. Design: Cross-sectional data from the NutriNet-Santé e-cohort. Participants completed an ad-hoc web-based questionnaire to test patterns of hypothetical food taxes acceptability (i.e., overall perception combined with reasons for supporting or not) on 8 food types: fatty foods, salty foods, sugary foods, fatty and salty foods, fatty and sugary products, meat products, foods/beverages with unfavorable front-of-pack nutrition label, “ultra-processed foods” (UPF). Sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics, and dietary intakes (24h-records) were self-reported. Latent class analysis was used to identify patterns of food taxes acceptability. Settings: NutriNet-Santé prospective cohort study. Participants: Adults (n= 27,900) engaged in the French NutriNet-Santé e-cohort. Results: The percentage of participants in favour of taxes ranged from 11.5% for fatty products to 78.0% for ultra-processed foods. Identified patterns were 1) “Support all food taxes” (16.9%), 2) “Support all but meat and fatty products taxes” (28.9%), 3) “Against all but UPF, Nutri-score, and salty products taxes” (26.5%), 4) “Against all food taxes” (8.6%), 5) “No opinion” (19.1%). Pattern 4 had higher proportions of participants with low socioeconomic status, body mass index above 30 kg/m2 and who had consumption of foods targeted by the tax above the median. Conclusion: Results provide strategic information for policy-makers responsible for designing food taxes and may help identify determinants of support for or opposition to food taxes in relation to individual or social characteristics or products taxed
Notes on word order in Bashkardi
No full textInternational audienceThis contribution discusses some features of word order in Bashkardi, a group of varieties of the Iranian branch of Indo-European spoken inland of the Strait of Hormuz in Southern Iran. The data are from recordings made by Ilya Gershevitch in 1956, when Persian influence was less strong than today. The findings include an average of 30% non-subject elements being in postverbal position. Goals of motion and of caused-motion show a strong preference for this position, except for Goals of ‘put’-expressions, which are close to the overall average. More than 20% of nominaldirect objects are postverbal, while pronouns are very rare in this position
