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Cellular porosity in dentin exhibits complex network characteristics with spatio-temporal fluctuations
No full textInternational audienceAccording to the current hydrodynamic theory, teeth sensitivity is mediated by odontoblast cell processes which can be activated by fluid flow in the pericellular space of bulk dentin. To better understand the possible spatial extent of such phenomena, we investigated the topology and connectivity of dentinal porosity of a healthy human tooth. Using confocal fluorescence microscopy, we modeled the porosity as a spatial graph with edges representing dentinal tubules or lateral branches and nodes defining their connections. A large fraction of porosity channels in crown dentin was found to be interconnected, with 47% of nodes linked in a single component over a millimetric distance from the dentin-enamel junction (DEJ). However, significant differences in network topology were also observed. A sharp transition in connectivity from 83% to 43% occurred at 300 µm from the DEJ, which corresponds to an early stage of tooth formation. This was reflected in all graph metrics investigated, in particular the network resilience which dropped by a factor 2. To test the robustness of our observations, an in-depth analysis of potential remaining biases of the graph extraction was conducted. Most graph metrics considered were found to be within a 10% precision range from a manually annotated ground truth. However, path metrics, which characterize transport properties, proved very sensitive to network defects. Residual errors were classified in 4 topological classes related to fluorescence staining and confocal detection efficiency, instrumental resolution and image processing. Their relative importance was estimated using statistical and physical graph attack simulations in a broad experimental range. Our modeling thus provides a practical framework to estimate the interpretability of calculated graph metrics for a given experimental microscopy setup and image processing pipeline. Overall, this study shows that dentin porosity exhibits typical characteristics of a complex network and quantitatively emphasize the importance of the smallest lateral branches. Our results could be used to model fluid flow more accurately in order to better understand mechanosensing by odontoblasts in dentin
Les champs de la discorde. Vie et mort des mobilisations de riverains contre les pesticides.
No full textThis work is the original manuscript for a "Habilitation à diriger des recherches" . It offers a sociological analysis of social movements opposed to pesticides, focusing in particular on the dynamics surrounding the mobilizations of populations living near sprayed fields. The book highlights the difficulties faced by these mobilizations: scientific and institutional obstacles, asymmetries of power between stakeholders, the complexity of territorial social interactions, and limited transmission of activist experience and knowledge. It also analyzes the strategies used by social movements to place their demands on the political agenda, notably through the use of scientific expertise and legal action. Beyond the study of pesticides, this book examines the processes that lead to the weakening or disappearance of citizen mobilizations. It takes a critical look at environmental public action, highlighting the extent to which the regulation of industrial and agricultural risks remains hampered by strong institutional and political inertia.Le document propose une analyse sociologique des mouvements sociaux opposés aux pesticides, en se concentrant particulièrement sur les dynamiques qui entourent les mobilisations des populations habitant à proximité des parcelles traitées, en France et en Grande-Bretagne. Il met en évidence les difficultés auxquelles celles-ci sont confrontées : obstacles scientifiques et institutionnels, asymétries de pouvoir entre acteurs, complexité des interactions sociales territoriales, et faible transmission des expériences et savoirs militants. Le manuscrit analyse également les stratégies mises en œuvre par les mouvements sociaux pour inscrire durablement leurs revendications à l’agenda politique, notamment par le recours à l’expertise scientifique et aux actions judiciaires. Au-delà de l’étude des pesticides, cet ouvrage interroge les processus qui conduisent l’essoufflement ou à la disparition des mobilisations citoyennes. Il offre un regard critique sur l’action publique environnementale, soulignant à quel point la régulation des risques industriels et agricoles demeure entravée par une forte inertie institutionnelle et politique
Organizational Integrity: Assessment and Prospects After 80 Years of Research, a Bibliometric Study to Rethink the Foundations of Responsible Management
No full textInternational audienceThis article proposes a detailed bibliometric study of the literature on organizational integrity, based on 1,741 peer-reviewed publications retrieved from Scopus and Web of Science. Using a combined approach of co-citation analysis and bibliographic linkage, the study maps the intellectual and thematic structure of the field over the last 80 years. The results identify two fundamental dimensions: ethics and performance, as well as four structured research clusters: ethical leadership and strategic alignment, public regulation and professional ethics, organizational behavior and ethical paradoxes, and information management and digital ethics. Particular attention is paid to the cleaning and merging of bibliographic data to ensure the robustness and reliability of the dataset. Based on the results obtained, we discuss the main contributions as well as the practical and methodological implications. Several avenues for future research are suggested
Numerical simulation of tensile test on thoracolumbar fascia with mesostructured-level descriptors
No full textInternational audienc
«Approccio europeo al consenso sessuale, matrimoni combinati e tratta di esseri umani»
No full textInternational audienceDer europäische Ansatz der Einwilligung zu sexuellen Handlungen außerhalb oder innerhalb der Ehe und die Forderung nach einer kontextuellen Bewertung der fehlenden Einwilligung zu sexuellen Handlungen unter Berücksichtigung der besonderen Schutzbedürftigkeit des Opfers führen dazu, dass ein Fall erneut aufgerollt wird, in dem das Risiko sexueller Übergriffe auf Minderjährige, die ihren zukünftigen Ehemännern zum Zwecke einer „arrangierten” Ehe zur Verfügung gestellt wurden, nicht berücksichtigt und die Strafbarkeit des Menschenhandels ausgeschlossen wurde. Die Frage der Einwilligung bei dieser Art von Ehen, die als „arrangiert” dargestellt werden, ist derzeit von großer Aktualität, insbesondere aufgrund der Berücksichtigung von Zwangsehen in der europäischen Richtlinie zur Bekämpfung von Gewalt gegen Frauen und häuslicher Gewalt und der ausdrücklichen Ausrichtung der neuen europäischen Richtlinie zum Menschenhandel auf die Ausbeutung von Zwangsehen.The European approach to consent to sexual intercourse outside marriage or within marriage and the requirement for a contextual assessment of the absence of consent to sexual intercourse, taking into account the particular vulnerability of the victim, lead to a review of a case in which the risk of sexual assault on minors made available to their future husbands for the purposes of an ‘arranged’ marriage had not been considered and the criminalisation of human trafficking had been dismissed. The issue of consent in this type of marriage, presented as ‘arranged’, is highly topical, particularly in view of the inclusion of forced marriage in the European Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence and the express aim of combating the exploitation of forced marriage in the new European Directive on human trafficking.El enfoque europeo del consentimiento para mantener relaciones sexuales fuera del matrimonio o dentro del matrimonio y la exigencia de una evaluación contextual de la falta de consentimiento para mantener relaciones sexuales, teniendo en cuenta la especial vulnerabilidad de la víctima, llevan a revisar un caso en el que no se había tenido en cuenta el riesgo de agresión sexual a menores entregadas a sus futuros maridos con fines de matrimonio «concertado» y se había descartado la incriminación de trata de seres humanos. La cuestión del consentimiento en este tipo de matrimonios presentados como «concertados» es de gran actualidad, debido, en particular, a la consideración del matrimonio forzado por la Directiva europea sobre la lucha contra la violencia contra las mujeres y la violencia doméstica y al objetivo expreso de la explotación del matrimonio forzado por la nueva Directiva europea sobre la trata de seres humanos.L’approche européenne du consentement à l’acte sexuel hors mariage ou en mariage et l’exigence d’une évaluation contextuelle de l’absence de consentement à l’acte sexuel, en considération de la vulnérabilité particulière de la victime, conduisent à opérer un retour sur une affaire dans laquelle le risque d’agression sexuelle sur des mineures mises à disposition de leurs futurs maris aux fins d’un mariage « arrangé » n’avait pas été retenu et l’incrimination de traite des êtres humains écartée. La question du consentement dans ce type de mariage présenté comme « arrangé » est d’une grande actualité en raison notamment de la prise en considération du mariage forcé par la directive européenne sur la lutte contre la violence à l’égard des femmes et la violence domestique et de la visée expresse de l’exploitation du mariage forcé par la nouvelle directive européenne sur la traite des êtres humains.L'approccio europeo al consenso all'atto sessuale fuori dal matrimonio o all'interno del matrimonio e la necessità di una valutazione contestuale dell'assenza di consenso all'atto sessuale, in considerazione della particolare vulnerabilità della vittima, portano a riesaminare un caso in cui non era stato preso in considerazione il rischio di violenza sessuale su minori date in sposa ai loro futuri mariti nell'ambito di un matrimonio “combinato” e in cui era stata esclusa l'incriminazione di tratta di esseri umani. La questione del consenso in questo tipo di matrimonio presentato come “combinato” è di grande attualità, in particolare a causa della presa in considerazione del matrimonio forzato da parte della direttiva europea sulla lotta contro la violenza nei confronti delle donne e la violenza domestica e dell'esplicito riferimento allo sfruttamento del matrimonio forzato da parte della nuova direttiva europea sulla tratta di esseri umani
EFFECTIVE INTEGRATION OF LIE TYPE ALGEBRAS
No full textThis is a short survey on the recent developments made in the integration theory with effective formulas of algebraic structures stronger or higher than Lie algebras
Le débaguage orthodontique : fin d’un traitement…et début d’une nouvelle responsabilité ?
No full textEditoEnfin le grand jour ! Celui attendu avec impatience, parfois avec un brin d’appréhension : LA dépose de l’appareil orthodontique.Ce moment symbolique où le patient, prêt à chanter « Libéré, délivré », sent souffler un vent de liberté. Un parcours de soins partagé s’achève, souvent long, ponctué de réévaluations et parfois de plusieurs appareils… Mais c’est aussi une tranche de vie vécue aux côtés des patients et de leurs familles, avec des liens qui se sont tissés au fil du temps. Et pour nous, Orthodontistes, ce moment va bien au-delà du simple retrait de l’appareil : il marque le passage du traitement actif à la phase de contention. Un vaste sujet, la contention… Mais aujourd’hui, concentrons-nous sur l’étape intermédiaire : la fameuse dépose de la colle orthodontique restante
Targeting TRPV6/CXCR4 complexes prevents castration-resistant prostate cancer metastasis to the bone
No full textInternational audienceBone metastasis most commonly occurs in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The TRPV6 calcium channel is absent in healthy prostate tissue, but its expression increases considerably during cancer progression. We hypothesized that cancer cells induce TRPV6 expression de novo to directly benefit from tightly regulated calcium intake via TRPV6 while providing cancer cells with a selective advantage for metastasis in the calcium-abundant niche, such as bone. Using a cohort of prostate cancer tissue biopsies from patients with a clinical history of at least 10 years after biopsy, we report that TRPV6 expression directly correlates with CRPC tumor aggressiveness and increased risk of metastasis development. The TRPV6 channel is involved in the acquisition of both mesenchymal and invasive phenotypes through increased phosphorylation of CaMK2 followed by the translocation of the transcription factor NF-κB to the nucleus and the expression of EMT markers, MMPs, and transcription factors such as Twist, Snail, and Slug. Moreover, TRPV6 expression was accompanied by increased formation of CXCR4/TRPV6 complexes. In vivo, mice bearing trpv6+/+ tumors presented increased metastasis, notably bone metastasis, whereas trpv6−/− mice developed no metastasis. Targeting TRPV6 with a monoclonal antibody resulted in a significant reduction in the metastatic burden and an increase in overall survival. When AMD3100, a selective inhibitor of the CXCR4 receptor, was combined with AMD3100, a synergistic effect on the suppression of metastasis development was achieved. Thus, the suppression of CRPC metastasis to bone can be achieved via simultaneous targeting of TRPV6/CXCR4, demonstrating that combined therapy is a proof-of-concept approach in vivo
Le projet ProtoJeu. Compte-rendu et premiers résultats (prolude.hypotheses.org)
No full textProlude https://prolude.hypotheses.org/125#more-12