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A prenatal testing program among future fathers in a Paris metropolitan area maternity reveals a high proportion of undiagnosed and not linked to care chronic viral hepatitis B
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Hiérarchie temporelle de Kolmogorov et jeux de trouvailles
No full textIn this paper we improve on the state-of-the-art time hierarchy for time-bounded Kolmogorov complexity. More precisely, we prove that there are infinitely many such that there are strings of size which are the output of programs of size running in steps but are not the output of any program of size running in steps. The previous gap was exponential in . This result is established by studying a new problem in combinatorics: a list of numbers in is shared evenly between players, who each get to output an answer depending on their share of . The players must establish a communication-free strategy ensuring that one of them outputs a number not belonging to
Involvement of common risk factors in the associations between lifetime unemployment exposure, major health outcomes and mortality: a retrospective and prospective study in a large population-based French cohort
No full textInternational audienceObjectives Uncertainty exists as to what extent common risk factors are involved in the associations of unemployment with major health outcomes and mortality. Design A retrospective and prospective observational study. Setting A large population-based French cohort (CONSTANCES). Participants 99 430 adults at baseline who have been exposed to unemployment during their lifetime and 54 679 of them who were followed for 7 years after baseline. Primary outcome measures Testing the mediating roles of several risk factors at baseline in the associations of lifetime unemployment exposure with cardiovascular disease, cancer and mortality rates during a 7-year follow-up. Direct and indirect effects were calculated for each risk factor and all together using logistic regression models adjusted for major confounders including sex, age, parental histories of cardiovascular disease and cancer, social position and working conditions. Results Estimates (95% CIs) of the direct and indirect effects for smoking are 0.0083 (0.0044 to 0.0122), p<0.0001 and 0.0010 (0.0007 to 0.0014), p<0.0001 on cardiovascular disease rate; 0.0059 (0.0028 to 0.0089), p=0.0002 and 0.0007 (0.0004 to 0.0010), p<0.0001 on cancer rate; 0.0105 (0.0058 to 0.0151), p<0.0001 and 0.0010 (0.0005 to 0.0014), p<0.0001 on all-cause mortality. The figures for alcohol consumption are, respectively, 0.0076 (0.0034 to 0.0118), p=0.0004 and 0.0004 (0.0002 to 0.0005), p=0.0006; 0.0067 (0.0035 to 0.0100), p<0.0001 and 0.0004 (0.0002 to 0.0005), p<0.0001; 0.0114 (0.0064 to 0.0164), p<0.0001 and 0.0004 (0.0001 to 0.0006), p=0.0009. For depressive symptoms, 0.0084 (0.0040to 0.0128), p=0.0002 and 0.0007 (0.0002 to 0.0011), p=0.005; 0.0053 (0.0017 to 0.0089), p=0.004 and 0.0001 (−0.0002 to 0.0005), p=0.51; 0.0088 (0.0031 to 0.0144), p=0.002 and 0.0010 (0.0004 to 0.0015), p=0.0005. For leisure-time physical inactivity, 0.0083 (0.0044 to 0.0122), p<0.0001 and 0.0003 (0.0001 to 0.0005), p=0.0006; 0.0057 (0.0026 to 0.0088), p=0.0004 and 0.0002 (0.0001 to 0.0003), p=0.002; 0.0105 (0.0058 to 0.0152), p<0.0001 and 0.0004 (0.0002 to 0.0007), p<0.0001. For blood triglycerides, 0.0080 (0.0042 to 0.0119), p<0.0001 and 0.0005 (0.0004 to 0.0007), p<0.0001; 0.0057 (0.0026 to 0.0087), p=0.0003 and 0.0001 (−0.0001 to 0.0002), p=0.32; 0.0103 (0.0057 to 0.0149), p<0.0001 and 0.0002 (0.0000 to 0.0004), p=0.06. The figures for all risk factors when tested together were 0.0075 (0.0022 to 0.0128), p=0.005 and 0.0020 (0.0011 to 0.0027), p<0.0001; 0.0052 (0.0011 to 0.0093), p=0.01 and 0.015 (0.0009 to 0.0020), p<0.0001; 0.0102 (0.0035 to 0.0169), p=0.003 and 0.0022 (0.0011 to 0.0031), p<0.0001. Conclusions These analyses show that common risk factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, depressive symptoms, leisure-time physical inactivity and blood triglycerides mediate up to 10% of the associations of lifetime unemployment exposure with cardiovascular disease, cancer and mortality rates when tested separately and approximately 20% when tested all together. This highlights the existence of other major mediating pathways that have yet to be identified
High incidence of pneumonia cases observed in children seen in general practice consultations during the 2023–2024 season, France
No full textInternational audienceBackgroundAn increase in hospitalizations for respiratory illnesses due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae was reported in France in late October 2023. Data in primary care are scarce and microbiological or radiological investigations are not routinely recommended for community-acquired pneumonia.MethodsWe computed weekly incidence rates of pneumonia and bronchiolitis cases from the electronic records of French general practitioners from January 2016 to August 2024. These weekly incidences were described in the light of the Covid-19 pandemic, overall and by age group. For better interpretation, the weekly incidences of pneumonia and bronchiolitis were compared with virological surveillance data of acute respiratory infections observed in general practice.ResultsDuring the 2016–2024 period, 108,539 cases of pneumonia and 46,411 cases of bronchiolitis were identified from 51,351,414 consultations. The incidence of pneumonia consultations in general practice during the 2022–2023 and 2023–2024 seasons is similar to that observed before the Covid-19 pandemic, after two seasons of low incidence (2020–2021 and 2021–2022). However, the 2023–2024 pneumonia epidemic is the strongest ever observed in children (0–14 years, and especially among the 5–14 years) in general practice since 2016, with an earlier onset. Regarding the incidence of bronchiolitis in children, the 2023–2024 season was in line with the 2021–2022, 2022–2023 and pre-pandemic seasons. No abnormal circulation of classical seasonal viruses was observed during the 2023–2024 season.ConclusionsThe sharp increase in pneumonia cases observed this season among children in primary care settings requires the implementation of studies to understand the cause and to confirm or refute the possible association with M. pneumoniae as observed in hospitals. Given the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the circulation of pathogens, it would be useful to extend, even on a temporary basis, the traditional microbiological surveillance in primary care to include common bacterial pathogens affecting the upper and lower respiratory tract, such as M. pneumoniae, S. pneumoniae or Streptococcus A
Circulations des savoirs, sources et terrains de l’analyse du discours en Afrique de l’Ouest. Présentation
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Retrospective Assessment of Endometriosis Pain Over the Life Course: A Reliability Study Within the ComPaRe‐Endometriosis Cohort
No full textInternational audienceEndometriosis may manifest through various pain symptoms, such as dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, dyschezia, dysuria and abdominal pain. While retrospective evaluation of these pain symptoms is less expensive and time‐consuming compared to a prospective evaluation, there is potential for recall bias, and the reliability of such data needs to be assessed. We aimed to evaluate the reliability of questions on past endometriosis‐related pain. Methods We conducted a reliability study within ComPaRe‐Endometriosis, an ongoing prospective e‐cohort including patients with endometriosis. We assessed past endometriosis‐related pain over a lifetime using the WERF‐EPHect Patient Questionnaire—Standard (EPQ‐S). Participants rated the worst intensity of dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, dyschezia, dysuria and abdominal pain that they experienced at ≤ 15, 16–20, 21–30, 31–40 and > 40 years using a numeric‐rating scale (NRS). We asked the same questions about 1 year later and measured the agreement between participant responses by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) (continuous NRS level) and weighted kappa coefficients ( κ w ) (pain intensity categories). Results A total of 1752 participants completed both surveys. The global reliability was close to the ‘good' and ‘substantial' thresholds for dysmenorrhea (ICC = 0.74; κ w = 0.57) and dyspareunia (ICC = 0.72; κ w = 0.57), ‘moderate' and close to the ‘substantial' threshold for dysuria (ICC = 0.68; κ w = 0.59), and ‘moderate' for dyschezia (ICC = 0.62; κ w = 0.54) and abdominal pain (ICC = 0.58; κ w = 0.49). Conclusions In this population, questions on worst pain intensity over the life course showed moderate‐to‐good reliability depending on the type of pain, with higher reliability when pain level was considered as a continuous variable. Significance Statement While prospective measures are the most robust approach in epidemiological research, longitudinal data with pain recorded since childhood or adolescence are scarce. This study shows that the worst level of pelvic and abdominal pain over the life course are reliably reported by endometriosis patients after a 1‐year interval. These findings suggest that retrospective pain assessment may reliably be used to assess trajectories of pain over the life course in order to gain insights into the progression of pain‐related conditions such as endometriosis
S'en sortir : vandaliser le vandalisme queer et autres mises en abîme (geste inaugural)
No full textBien souvent les livres sur l’accessibilité sont eux-mêmes inaccessibles, Bien souvent les ateliers pour rendre accessible les livres sur l’accessibilité sont eux-mêmes inaccessibles. Dans le cadre d’une résidence de recherche-création au Café Curieux, nous avons créé une sorte jeu permettant de naviguer ces mises en abîme et de repenser ce qu’est lire et écrire, ensemble, à travers et par les frictions d’accessibilité. En nous appuyant sur les théories de l'accessibilité comme friction d'Aimie Hamraie et Kelly Fritsch, nous avons proposé un dispositif de recherche-création permettant de rendre accessible les textes sur l'accessibilité, et de repenser la recherche scientifique à partir des normes d'accessibilité des outils de communication mobilisés en sciences sociales
Jeûne intermittent et pré-diabète : physiopathologie et implications cliniques
No full textInternational audienceThis article explores the impact of intermittent fasting, particularly time-restricted eating, on the management of prediabetes. Intermittent fasting, which limits daily calorie intake to a specific time window, aims to improve metabolism by optimizing circadian rhythms. While early studies have not shown significant weight loss, they suggest a potential benefit in reducing cardiometabolic risks, especially in individuals with prediabetes. A notable reduction in HbA1c levels was observed in participants with initially high blood glucose, highlighting the potential effectiveness of this approach in improving glucose regulation. However, further research is needed to confirm these findings and determine the optimal conditions for implementing intermittent fasting in clinical practice, particularly for the prevention of type 2 diabetes.Cet article explore l’impact du jeûne intermittent, en particulier l’alimentation restreinte dans le temps, sur la gestion du pré-diabète. Le jeûne intermittent, qui limite l’apport calorique quotidien à une fenêtre horaire spécifique, vise à améliorer le métabolisme en optimisant les rythmes. Bien que les premières études n’aient pas montré une perte de poids significative, elles suggèrent un potentiel bénéfice pour réduire les risques cardiométaboliques, notamment chez les personnes pré-diabétiques. Une réduction notable de l’HbA1c a été observée chez les participants présentant une glycémie élevée au départ, soulignant l’efficacité potentielle de cette approche pour améliorer la régulation du glucose. Cependant, des recherches supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour confirmer ces résultats et définir les conditions optimales d’application du jeûne intermittent dans la pratique clinique, en particulier pour la prévention du diabète de type 2
High-Pressure Hydrogen Storage Processes and Multi-Scale Modelling
No full textInternational audienceThis poster illustrates two decades of research on high-pressure solid-state hydrogen storage at LSPM