HAL-Paris 13
Not a member yet
33893 research outputs found
Sort by
Typology of out-of-home eaters: a description of sociodemographic, lifestyle, nutritional and environmental characteristics in the NutriNet-Santé cohort
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Background The out-of-home (OOH) food sector holds the potential to promote healthier and more sustainable diets on a large scale given the high number of people eating OOH regularly. However, information about socioeconomic and dietary characteristics of OOH eaters is limited. This study aimed to identify a typology of OOH consumers by frequency and type of meal consumed OOH and their associated sociodemographic, lifestyle, nutritional, and environmental characteristics. Methods Based on a sub-sample of adults of the French NutriNet-Santé cohort who completed a food frequency questionnaire and a questionnaire on OOH consumption habits in 2014 ( n = 29,140, mean age: 53.6 (SD = 14.0) years, 74.3% women), we conducted a Multiple Factor Analysis followed by a clustering procedure. AN(C)OVA models were then used to examine the associations between the identified clusters and socio-demographic, lifestyle, and diet-related characteristics (using dietary scores and environmental indicators including greenhouse gas emissions, land use and energy consumption). Results We identified five clusters based on their OOH consumption patterns: Weekday-only eaters (19%), Frequent weekday and weekend eaters (24%), Organic eaters (6%), Weekend and evening eaters (19%), and Home-only eaters (32%). Weekday-only eaters were younger, more likely to be professionally active and to have children at home than the other groups. Frequent weekday and weekend eaters , with the highest OOH consumption, had the lowest dietary quality and the highest diet-related environmental impacts and consisted mostly of younger women with higher socioeconomic status. Organic eaters , often living in urban areas and following specific diets such as vegan or vegetarian ones, had the best dietary quality and the lowest diet-related environmental impacts. Weekend and evening eaters and Home-only eaters had a higher proportion of retired individuals, with Weekend and evening eaters also showing a greater proportion of high-income individuals. Conclusions Our findings indicate a lower dietary quality and higher dietary environmental impacts among frequent OOH eaters, whereas those with higher organic consumption showed opposite trends. This study contributes to the understanding of different OOH consumer characteristics and could provide a basis for further research in the field. Trial registration The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03335644)
Benzochalcogenazolo-based N , O -coordinated boron difluoride complexes as gain media for organic solid-state lasers
No full textInternational audienceThree novel tetracoordinate boron compounds based on benzoxazole, benzothiazole, and benzoselenazole building blocks have been developed. The dyes demonstrate efficient amplified spontaneous emission and were applied in organic solid-state lasers
Le droit des étrangers, entre tensions et ambiguïtés
No full textInternational audienceAu cœur des politiques migratoires contemporaines, le droit des étrangers suscite de nombreux débats et autant d’incompréhensions. Censé défendre les libertés fondamentales et protéger les étrangers de l’arbitraire, il est également utilisé à des fins répressives par les États. Au carrefour du droit et des autres sciences sociales, ce dossier analyse ces contradictions et questionne le droit des étrangers à la lumière des notions d’arbitraire, de discrimination et d’exception
Strong disorder for stochastic heat flow and 2D directed polymers
No full textThe critical 2D Stochastic Heat Flow (SHF) is a universal process of random measures, arising as the scaling limit of two-dimensional directed polymer partition functions (or solutions to the stochastic heat equation with mollified noise) under a critical renormalisation of disorder strength. We investigate the SHF in the strong disorder (or super-critical) regime, proving that it vanishes locally with an optimal doubly-exponential decay rate in the disorder intensity. We also establish a strengthened version of this result for 2D directed polymers, from which we deduce sharp bounds on the free energy. Our proof is based on estimates for truncated and fractional moments, exploiting refined change of measure and coarse-graining techniques
Évaluation de la formation en transfert de connaissances à l’Institut Pasteur de Madagascar
No full textInternational audienceCette étude évaluative porte sur la mise en œuvre et les effets perçus d’une formation en présence sur le transfert de connaissances, qui s’appuie sur deux cours en ligne ouverts et massifs (massive open online course – MOOC). La formation ciblait des membres du personnel ainsi que des partenaires de l’Institut Pasteur de Madagascar. L’étude a suivi le modèle de Kirkpatrick pour évaluer les effets perçus de la formation et le cadre TIPEC (Technology, Individual, Pedagogy and Enabling Conditions) pour identifier les facilitateurs et les obstacles de sa mise en œuvre. La collecte des données a suivi un devis mixte convergent. Trente-deux personnes (32) ont répondu au questionnaire de préformation, dont 18 personnes au questionnaire postformation et 24 à des entretiens semi-dirigés cinq mois après la fin de la formation. La plupart des personnes ont indiqué que la formation à l’aide des MOOC et d’un accompagnement en présence a répondu à leurs besoins, bien que son intensité et son niveau élevé de difficulté aient été soulignés par certains. Le volet pratique de la formation ainsi que la présence d’une formatrice ou d’un formateur ont été jugés essentiels à l’apprentissage. Les résultats suggèrent que le format pédagogique adopté pourrait constituer un outil pertinent et accessible pour la formation continue des professionnels. Mots clés : Transfert des connaissances, renforcement des capacités, MOOC, évaluation, Madagascar Evaluation of Knowledge Translation Training at the Institut Pasteur de Madagascar Abstract: This evaluative study focuses on the implementation and perceived effects of an in-person training program on knowledge translation, which is based on two massive open online courses (MOOCs). The training targeted staff members as well as partners of the Institut Pasteur de Madagascar. The study followed the Kirkpatrick model to evaluate the perceived effects of the training and the TIPEC framework (Technology, Individual, Pedagogy, and Enabling Conditions) to identify facilitators and barriers to its implementation. Data collection was guided by a convergent mixed-methods design. Thirty-two people completed the pre-training questionnaire, of these, 18 responded to the post-training questionnaire and 24 took part in semi-structured interviews five months after the training ended. Most participants indicated that the training, combining MOOCs with in-person support, met their needs, although some highlighted its intensity and high level of difficulty. The practical component of the training and the presence of a trainer were deemed essential to learning. The results suggest that the adopted pedagogical format may represent a relevant and accessible tool for the continuing education of professionals. Keywords: knowledge translation, capacity building, MOOC, evaluation, Madagasca
Corticosteroids in immunocompromised ICU patients with severe COVID-19: a multicenter retrospective study
No full textInternational audienceImmunocompromised patients were excluded most of the time from trials testing corticosteroids in COVID-19. This study aimed to assess the associations between early corticosteroid use and (1) mortality at day 60, and (2) the occurrence of nosocomial infections in immunocompromised patients with severe COVID-19 admitted to the ICU. It was a multicentre retrospective study, achieved in French ICUs of the Outcomerea™ network and medical ICUs of 4 other hospitals in France. This study included immunocompromised patients admitted to an ICU between January 1, 2020, and August 31, 2022, for severe COVID-19, with an ICU stay of more than 2 days. Patients were classified as receiving early corticosteroid therapy if they were given steroids within the first 5 days following ICU admission. Each patient was categorized into one of four immunosuppression subgroups: ‘corticosteroid therapy,’ ‘monocytic alteration,’ ‘cellular immunosuppression,’ or ‘humoral immunosuppression.’ Survival analyses were performed, and confounding by indication was addressed using propensity score weighting with overlap. 383 patients were included, 50 were into the no-early-corticosteroids group and 333 in the early-corticosteroids group. In the overlap cohort, 118 were included (46 in the non-early-corticosteroids and 72 in the early-corticosteroids group). There was no association with day-60 mortality (IPTWoverlapHR = 0.97, 95% CI [0.51; 1.85], p = 0.92). There was also no association with the occurrence of nosocomial infections (IPTWoverlapSubHR = 2.59, CI 95% [0.77; 8.7], p = 0.13). We report that steroids had no benefit on mortality in immunocompromised patients admitted to ICU for severe COVID-19
Capabilities of computerized decision support systems supporting the nursing process in hospital settings: a scoping review
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Background The implementation of the Nursing process (NP) is a complex and cognitively demanding task that can be enhanced by using clinical decision support systems (CDSSs). While some CDSSs assist in the management of patients with specific patient conditions, nursing process clinical decision support systems (NP-CDSSs) are designed to support nursing decisions through all five sequential NP steps: assessment, nursing diagnosis (NDs), planning, intervention, and evaluation. Although an internationally agreed standard for NP-CDSS development (ICS4NP-CDSSs) was published in 2016, outlining recommended design and functional features for NP-CDSSs, current NP-CDSSs show limited compliance with these guidelines. Methods A PubMed search was conducted to identify NP-CDSSs used in hospital settings and published between January 2013 and February 2024. The objective was to assess how well these systems adhered to ICS4NP-CDSSs including coverage of all NP steps, use of standardized nursing languages (SNLs), and compliance with recommended technical features. The search also examined whether NP-CDSSs had been implemented and evaluated and whether any outcome related to system impact or any nurses’ feedback on barriers and facilitators influencing NP-CDSS implementation was documented. Results Of the 986 papers retrieved, 35 related to 21 systems met the eligibility criteria. Only seven systems addressed all NP steps, with the evaluation step remaining underdeveloped. Seventeen systems provided NDs based on entered characteristics or risk factors, 15 included automatic linkages between NDs and interventions, but only 10 included linkages to outcomes at the evaluation step. Most retrieved systems used NANDA-I/NANDA, NIC, NOC as SNL. Only four systems reached the post-implementation evaluation phase; none reported patient outcomes analysis, while four collected nursing outcomes. Barriers during implementation included a lack of trust and perceived usefulness to improve daily workflows, limited validation, and missing technical features. Conclusions NP-CDSS development is still in its infancy. This review identifies a gap between ICS4NP-CDSS best-practice recommendations and their implementation in current NP-CDSSs, which still lack features like full coverage of NP steps and necessary linkages between them. To enhance NP-CDSSs, strategies should focus on reducing documentation burden, providing comprehensive education and support for nurses, and demonstrating the impact of NP-CDSSs through outcome studies
Lena Dormeau - Psychiatrie et mad studies : faire du (non-)sens ensemble (Lucas Fritz Crip FALC remix)
No full textLéna Dormeau, « Psychiatrie et mad studies » : faire du (non-)sens ensemble, Théories féministes, Seuil, 26 septembre 2025.Texts on accessibility are often inaccessible.Texts on institutional standards are often written using the language of those institutions. How can we navigate this paradox? How can we approach writing and communication differently? Based on a critical and situated use of communication accessibility techniques, FALC (plain language) crip remixes attempt to invalidate texts on ableism, to forge new access points in texts on accessibility, and to overcome the norms of mental and intellectual functioning that hinder the thinking behind these norms. Escaping toward a vanishing point, the remixes conceive of writing as repetition, publication as reprise, speech as haunting. They attempt to ritualize another way of entering the text and scientific spaces of knowledge, outside the walls, outside the one-way meaning of authorized reason: like a nonsense that spreads from one to another, like a matryoshka of ideas, like a ball of accessibility.Les textes sur l'accessibilité sont souvent inaccessibles.Les textes critiques des normes des institutions sont souvent écrits depuis le langage de ces institutions. Comment naviguer ces paradoxes ? Comment entrer autrement dans l'écriture et la communication ? À partir d'un usage critique et situé des techniques d'accessibilité de la communication, les remix crip FALC tentent de dévalider les textes sur le validisme, de se frayer de nouveaux accès dans les textes sur l'accessibilité, de surmonter les normes de bon fonctionnement psychique et intellectuel qui entravent la pensée de ces normes. Les remix conçoivent l'écriture comme répétition, la publication comme reprise, la parole comme hantise. Ils tentent de ritualiser une autre façon d'entrer dans le texte et dans les espaces de savoir scientifiques, hors les murs, en dehors du sens unique de la raison autorisée : comme un non-sens de proche en proche, comme une matriochka d'idées, comme un bal d'accessibilité
La Logistique et ses Monstres.
No full textInternational audienceOnce again, it may all have begun on the high seas. The history of capitalism is shaped and reshaped by the conquest of oceans and ventures beyond familiar waters. Just as the birth of the great industrial cycle was enabled by ships laden with sugar and cotton—heavy with the labor of enslaved people who had gathered these goods—so now, with maritime giants carrying container loads, a new cycle is beginning. This represents less than a complete upheaval of world economies, perhaps, but certainly more than mere managerial or technical transformation. According to economists and historians, the logistics revolution began with the invention of a large box designed for storing goods. The shipping container—this simple box—can be handled with minimal manpower and transported seamlessly from quay to ship, then from ship to truck, without unloading any of its contents. This innovation solved the dual constraints of transshipment and what big business viewed as the problematic capacity limitations of traditional port handling and its dock workers. It is a box that breaks what S. Bologna calls "the sacrosanct pact between the hold and the quay."Cette fois encore, tout pourrait avoir commencé en haute mer. L’histoire du capitalisme se fait et se défait par les conquêtes des mers et au-delà des mers familières. Comme la naissance du grand cycle industriel fut permise par des navires chargés de sucre et de coton lourds du travail des esclaves qui les ont amassés, alors commence, avec les géants des mers chargés de containers, quelque chose d’un nouveau cycle : moins sans doute qu’un bouleversement général des économies mondes, mais plus qu’une transformation managériale ou technique. La révolution logistique commence, selon les économistes et les historiens, avec l’invention d’une grosse boîte dans laquelle on peut stocker des marchandises. Le container -the box-, que l’on peut manipuler avec peu de main-d’œuvre, transporter du quai au bateau puis du bateau au camion sans rien décharger des marchandises qu’il contient, et régler ainsi la double contrainte des ruptures de charge et de la capacité de nuisance - telle qu’elle est vue par le grand capital - de la manutention portuaire et ses dockers. Une boîte qui rompt, selon la belle formule de S. Bologna « le pacte sacro-saint de la cale et du quai »
Alimentation (sous) plastique : interactions, confrontations et arbitrages du quotidien en colocation
No full textInternational audienceDans un contexte d’appel à la responsabilisation face aux problématiques environnementales, de quelles façons peuvent se manifester les préoccupations écologiques de la jeunesse dans la composition de leurs assiettes ? Cette communication propose de répondre à cette question en se focalisant sur un mode d’habiter encore peu étudié en sociologie : les colocations. Il s’agit de percevoir ici comment l’habitat partagé, où se croisent des manières de faire et de penser héritées et en construction, peut engager une réflexivité alimentaire vers plus de durabilité. Le partage d’un habitat où se confronte de multiples modèles alimentaires et des attentions environnementales graduées peut-il engager un changement de pratiques vers plus de durabilité ? Ainsi, à partir de l’étude des usages et des représentations du plastique alimentaire chez 16 individus âgés de moins de 25 ans et habitant en colocation, cette communication cherche à rendre compte des multiples arbitrages du quotidien qui dictent les pratiques alimentaires individuelles et collectives