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Simplicial properadic homotopy
No full textIn this paper, we settle the homotopy properties of the ∞-morphisms of homotopy (bial)gebras over properads, i.e. algebraic structures made up of operations with several inputs and outputs. We start by providing the literature with characterizations for the various types of ∞-morphisms, the most seminal one being the equivalence between ∞-quasi-isomorphisms and zig-zags of quasi-isomorphisms which plays a key role in the study the formality property. We establish a simplicial enrichment for the categories of gebras over some cofibrant properads together with their ∞-morphisms, whose homotopy category provides us with the localisation with respect to ∞-quasi-isomorphisms. These results extend to the properadic level known properties for operads, but the lack of the rectification procedure in this setting forces us to use different methods
Hyperintense acute reperfusion marker and gadolinium leakage in ocular structures in stroke: a systematic review
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction :The Hyperintense Acute Reperfusion Marker (HARM) and Gadolinium Leakage in Ocular Structures (GLOS) are pivotal radiological findings in post-contrast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging (pcFLAIR), attesting to gadolinium leakage into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in various neurological disorders. Often observed following acute strokes, HARM and GLOS, however, exhibit considerable variability in their prevalence ranging from 5.5 to 85% and 30–76%, respectively. Given their similarity and association of HARM with poor outcomes in stroke, accurately evaluating these markers may be crucial for advancing our understanding of stroke pathophysiology and improving clinical management. Our work aims to identify the major methodological challenges and confounding factors limiting the understanding of HARM and GLOS in stroke.Methods :To address these issues, we thoroughly conducted a literature search in Embase, Scopus, and PubMed until July 2022. Our search yielded 38 stroke studies, with only 6 evaluating GLOS. Guided by major findings, we adapted the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for bias risk assessment. Effect estimates were synthetized considering cohort size, statistical significance, and bias risk.Results :Methodological issues emerged from the lack of time-specific data, omission of differential CSF hyperintensities, imprecise definitions, and overlooking of adjusting variables like assessment timing, contrast dosages or renal function. Discrepancy results mainly arise from an inadequate time window of investigation, and further research should stratify patients based on the timing of gadolinium injection.Conclusion :Our findings emphasize the importance of a more detailed exploration of their timing and localization, rather than simply their binary presence, extent, or severity
Genèse de Buenaventura Durruti, anarchiste (1999) de Jean-Louis Comolli
No full textInternational audienceEn aquest article, especificarem el context europeu en què es va concretar la pel·lícula Buenaventura Durruti, anarquista i després examinarem les fonts a partir de les quals van treballar els guionistes Jean-Louis Comolli i Ginette Lavigne per escriure aquesta pel·lícula que ressegueix la biografia d’aquesta carismàtica figura de la Segona República Espanyola i la Guerra Civil. En segon lloc, comentarem diferents versions del guió i les posades en escena, a la pel·lícula, que qüestionen els arxius i les possibilitats així com els límits de la transmissió de la història de l’anarquisme espanyol.Nous préciserons dans cet article le contexte européen dans lequel le film Buenaventura Durruti, anarchiste a pris forme puis nous interrogerons les sources à partir desquelles les scénaristes Jean-Louis Comolli et Ginette Lavigne ont travaillé pour écrire ce film qui retrace la biographie de cette figure charismatique de la Seconde République espagnole et de la Guerre d’Espagne. Dans un second temps, nous commenterons différentes versions du scénario ainsi que les mises en scène, dans le film, qui questionnent les archives et les possibilités comme les limites de la transmission de l’histoire de l’anarchisme espagnol
Laurence Leveneur-Martel, Mythes et réalités de la télévision sociale. Chaînes de télévision et réseaux sociaux, Bry-Sur-Marne, INA Éd., coll. Études et controverses, 2024, 208 pages
No full textCompte-rendu de l'ouvrage e Laurence Leveneur-martel, Mythes et réalités de la télévision sociale. Chaînes de télévision et réseaux sociaux
Growth in Retailing: Organic vs Inorganic
No full textInternational audienceThis chapter examines growth within the retail sector by qualifying transaction cost theory. When defining its strategy, a company must consider the most relevant way to expand; in other words, how to increase its scale, innovation potential, market volume for its products or services, and ultimately, its performance or results. It faces a choice between internal (organic) growth and external growth. Both modes offer distinct advantages and constraints. However, they are not mutually exclusive, and retail firms can simultaneously rely on both forms. In practice, purely internal or purely external growth are merely ideal-types. The practices of retail companies are often intermediate, involving a skillful blend of both growth modalities. They can even be more complex still, utilizing for instance franchising, which can be presented as a hybrid model or a middle ground between internal and external growth
Se souvenir des massacres de travailleurs au Chili et en Colombie (début du XXe siècle - temps présent): Histoire comparée des mémoires des répressions étatiques de l’école Santa María (Iquique, 1907) et des bananeraies (Ciénaga, 1928)
No full textThis thesis historicises and brings into dialogue the memories of the Santa Maria School massacre and those of the Banana massacre, two state repressions perpetrated by the army on workers in conflict with foreign companies at the beginning of the 20th century. Its purpose is to comprehend the motives of the recurring and contentious occurences of two episodes of extreme violence in the Chilean and Colombian societies. The comparative study over the long term of this memory phenomenon relies on hybrid methodology and sources, combining works of art, the press, interviews and diverse public and private archive documents. Similar circumstances of activation of memory occur in varying modes (painful, epic, victim based), making it possible to conceive of regimes of memory common to Chile and Colombia. Nevertheless, the process of memory recording is influenced by the contrasting logics of the "memory entrepreneurs", the different ways in which they associate the popular sectors and the (un)commitment of each state. Nostalgia, entrenched in the two territories affected by extractivism (be it farming or mining), may well have filed away the remembrance of each massacre; however, many are the traces and spatial marks likely to reactivate a troubled past, ready to rise again transformed, sometimes tamed, sometimes turned into an accusatory force.Cette thèse historise et met en dialogue les mémoires du massacre de l’école Santa María et celles du massacre des bananeraies, deux répressions étatiques commises par l’armée, au début du XXe siècle, contre des travailleurs en conflit avec des entreprises étrangères. Elle vise à comprendre les ressorts de la présence récurrente et conflictuelle des deux épisodes d’extrême violence dans les sociétés chilienne et colombienne. L’étude comparative du phénomène mémoriel sur le temps long s’appuie sur une méthodologie et des sources hybrides, associant œuvres d’art, journaux, entretiens et divers documents d’archives, publiques et privées. Des conjonctures partagées d’activation du souvenir apparaissent selon des modalités changeantes (douloureuse, épique, victimaire), permettant de concevoir des régimes de mémoire communs au Chili et en Colombie. Toutefois, la mise en mémoire est infléchie par les logiques contrastées des entrepreneurs de mémoire, leur incorporation différenciée des secteurs populaires et le (dés)engagement de chaque État. La nostalgie, ancrée dans ces deux territoires marqués par l’extractivisme minier/agricole, a pu archiver le souvenir de chaque massacre ; néanmoins, nombreuses sont les traces et marques spatiales susceptibles de réactiver un passé trouble, prêt à ressurgir métamorphosé, tantôt domestiqué, tantôt transformé en force accusatrice
La réflexivité, un processus de compréhension et de transformation clinique
No full textInternational audienceReflexivity, a concept derived from philosophy and social sciences, is experiencing renewed interest in the field of psychiatry. Defined as the ability to reflect on one's own practices, it involves sustained subjective work. This article explores the conceptual foundations, its functions in countertransference analysis, and the importance of supervision and psychotherapy in this process. Reflexive writing is presented as a space for symbolic elaboration and verbalization of clinical experience, supporting the function of mentalization. Integrating reflexivity into training, particularly in child psychiatry, is a major challenge in supporting young clinicians in the construction of their professional identity and the development of an ethic of care.La réflexivité, concept issu de la philosophie et des sciences sociales, connaît un regain d’intérêt dans le champ de la psychiatrie. Définie comme la capacité à penser ses propres pratiques, elle implique un travail subjectif soutenu. Cet article explore les fondements conceptuels, ses fonctions dans l’analyse du contre-transfert et l’importance de la supervision et de la psychothérapie dans ce processus. L’écriture réflexive est présentée comme un espace d’élaboration symbolique et de mise en mot de l’expérience clinique, soutenant la fonction de mentalisation. Intégrer la réflexivité dans les formations, notamment en pédopsychiatrie, constitue un enjeu majeur pour accompagner les jeunes cliniciens dans la construction de leur identité professionnelle et dans le développement d’une éthique du soin
A gut microbiome-kidney-heart axis predictive of future cardiovascular diseases.
No full textAbstract Cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) are on the rise globally with one billion people expected to suffer from obesity and 643 million from type 2 diabetes by 2030, of which one-third will likely develop chronic kidney disease and two-thirds will die from cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the mechanistic and molecular drivers of the transition from health to disease remain elusive. Here, in 275 metabolically healthy individuals recruited to the MetaCardis study, we identify a gut microbiome-kidney-heart axis that is predictive of future cardiovascular events. This axis, as evidenced by the associations between gut microbial metabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine with variations in both kidney functon(as measured by estimated glomerular filtration rate) and circulating pro-atrial natriuretic peptide concentration, shows a depletion pattern in metabolically unhealthy participants of the MetaCardis study (n = 1,602) indicating a loss of health-sustaining microbiome features with CMD progression. We then validate that microbial compounds from the phenylalanine and tyrosine pathways and their host co-metabolites act as mediators of the gut microbiome-kidney associations. Moreover, Mendelian Randomization analysis adds genetic evidence to suggest that the microbial mediator metabolites regulate host kidney function and vice versa. Finally, we demonstrate that plasma metabolites derived from the microbial metabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine associate with incident CVD in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (n = 8,669). Collectively, our results depict the presence of a gut microbiome-kidney-heart axis in metabolically healthy individuals. Major aberrations of the gut microbiome as part of this axis throughout life may increase risk of CVD
